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It is about fog computing on future technology
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Seminar Report on
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of B.Tech Degree in
Department of Information Technology i
This is to certify that this seminar report entitled “ Fog Computing ” is a bonafide record of the work done by Sanju Sadasivan under our guidance towards partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in Information Technology , of the University of Kerala during the year 2015. Prof.Rendhir R Prasad Prof.Shijin Knox Prof.Anjana K R Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assossiate Professor (Seminar Co-ordinator) (Seminar Co-ordinator) (Head of the Dept) ii
ABSTRACT
Fog computing is not a replacement of cloud it is just extends the cloud computing by providing security in the cloud environment. Similar to Cloud, Fog provides data, compute, storage, and application services to end-users. Cloud computing promises to significantly change the way of use computers and store our personal and business information .With these new computing and communication paradigms arise new data security challenges. Existing data protection mechanisms such as Encryption have failed to protect the data in the cloud from unauthorized access. We proposed a different approach for securing data in the cloud using offensive decoy technology. We monitor data access in the cloud and detect abnormal data access patterns.When unauthorized access is suspected and then verified using challenge questions, we launch a disinformation attack by returning large amounts of decoy information to the attacker. This protects against the misuse of the user’s real data. Experiments conducted in a local file setting provide evidence that this approach may provide unprecedented levels of user data security in a Cloud environment. Also I’m going to elaborate the motivation and advantages of Fog computing, and analyze its applications in a series of real scenarios, such as smart traffic lights in vehicular networks and software defined networks v
Chapter 2 WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTNG? 2.1. CLOUD COMPUTNG Cloud computing is a delivery platform which promises a new way of accessing and storing personal as well as business information. Cloud computing refers to the practice of
transitioning computer services such as computation or data storage to multiple redundant offsite locations available on the Internet, which allows application software to be operated using internet-enabled devices. In Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption was failed in securing the data from the attacker. It does not verify whether the user was authorized or not. Cloud computing security does not focus on ways of secure the data from unauthorized access. In 2009 we have our own confidential documents in the cloud. This file does not have much security. so, hacker gains access the documents. Twitter incident is one example of a data theft attack in the Cloud. 2.2. Disadvantages No body is identified when the attack is happen. It is complex to detect which user is attack. We can not detect which file was hacking. Cloud Computing Issue: Bandwidth Transmitting and processing data requires bandwidth. The more data, the more bandwidth is needed. Current cloud computing models can’t keep up with the amount of bandwidth that will be needed.
storage, and application services to end-users. This enables new breed of applications and services. 3.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF FOG COMPUTING : Proximity to end-users, its Dense geographical distribution Support for mobility. Fog reduces service latency, and improves QoS (Quality of Service), resulting in superior user-experience. Fog Computing supports emerging Internet of Everything (IoE) applications that demand real-time/predictable latency (industrial automation, transportation, networks of sensors and actuators). Fog paradigm is well positioned for real time Big Data and real time analytics, it supports densely distributed data collection points, hence adding a fourth axis to the often mentioned Big Data dimensions (volume, variety, and velocity). Unlike traditional data centers, Fog devices are geographically distributed over heterogeneous platforms, spanning multiple management domains. That means data can be processed locally in smart devices rather than being sent to the cloud for processing. 3.3. WHY DO WE NEED FOG COMPUTING? In the past few years, Cloud computing has provided many opportunities for enterprises by offering their customers a range of computing services. Current “pay-as-you-go” Cloud computing model becomes an efficient alternative to owning and managing private data centers for customers facing Web applications and batch processing Cloud computing frees the enterprises and their end users from the specification of many
details, such as storage resources, computation limitation and network communication cost. However, this bliss becomes a problem for latency-sensitive applications, which require nodes in the vicinity to meet their delay requirements. When techniques and devices of IoT are getting more involved in people’s life, current Cloud computing paradigm can hardly satisfy their requirements of mobility support, location awareness and low latency. Fog computing is proposed to address the above problem. As Fog computing is implemented at the edge of the network, it provides low latency, location awareness, and improves quality-of-services (QoS) for streaming and real time applications. Typical examples include industrial automation, transportation, and networks of sensors and actuators. Moreover, this new infrastructure supports heterogeneity as Fog devices include end-user devices, access points, edge routers and switches. The Fog paradigm is well positioned for real time big data analytics, supports densely distributed data collection points, and provides advantages in entertainment, advertising, personal computing and other applications.
trains, sensor monitoring on a train’s ball-bearing can detect heat levels, allowing applications to send an automatic alert to the train operator to stop the train at next station for emergency maintenance and avoid potential derailment. In lifesaving air vents scenario, sensors on vents monitor air conditions flowing in and out of mines and automatically change air-flow if conditions become dangerous to miners IoT and Cyber-physical systems (CPSs): Fog computing based systems are becoming an important class of IoT and CPSs. Based on the traditional information carriers including Internet and telecommunication network, IoT is a network that can interconnect ordinary physical objects with identified address. CPSs feature a tight combination of the system’s computational and physical elements. CPSs also coordinate the integration of computer and information centric physical and engineered systems. IoT and CPSs promise to transform our world with new relationships between computer-based control and communication systems, engineered systems and physical reality. Fog computing in this scenario is built on the concepts of embedded systems in which software programs and computers are embedded in devices for reasons other than computation alone. Examples of the devices include toys, cars, medical devices and machinery. The goal is to integrate the abstractions and precision of software and networking with the dynamics, uncertainty and noise in the physical environment. Using the emerging knowledge, principles and methods of CPSs, we will be able to develop new generations of intelligent medical devices and systems, ‘smart’ highways, buildings, factories, agricultural and robotic systems. Chapter 5
There are various ways to use cloud services to save or store files, documents and media in remote services that can be accessed whenever user connect to the Internet. The main problem in cloud is to maintain security for user’s data in way that guarantees only authenticated users and no one else gain access to that data. The issue of providing security to confidential information is core security problem, that it does not provide level of assurance most people desire. There are various methods to secure remote data in cloud using standard access control and encryption methods. It is good to say that all the standard approaches used for providing security have been demonstrated to fail from time to time for a variety of reasons, including faulty implementations, buggy code, insider attacks, misconfigured services, and the creative construction of effective and sophisticated attacks not envisioned by the implementers of security procedures. Building a secure and trustworthy cloud computing environment is not enough, because attacks on data continue to happen, and when they do, and information gets lost, there is no way to get it back. There is a need to get solutions to such accidents. The basic idea is that we can limit the damage of stolen data if we decrease the value of that stolen data to the attacker. We can achieve this through a „preventive ‟ decoy (disinformation) attack. We can secure Cloud services by implementing given additional security features. 5.1 Decoy System: Decoy data, such as decoy documents, honey pots and other bogus information can be generated on
We have applied above concepts to detect unauthorized data access to data stored on a local file system by masqueraders, i.e. attackers who view of legitimate users after stealing their credentials. Our experimental results in a local file system setting show that combining both techniques can yield better detection results .This results suggest that this approach may work in a Cloud environment, to make cloud system more transparent to the user as a local file system. 5.2 Advantages of Fog computing Bringing data close to the user. Instead of housing information at data center sites far from the end-point, the Fog aims to place the data close to the end-user. Creating dense geographical distribution. First of all, big data and analytics can be done faster with better results.
Second, administrators are able to support location-based mobility demands and not have to traverse the entire network. Third, these edge (Fog) systems would be created in such a way that real-time data analytics become a reality on a truly massive scale. True support for mobility and the IoT. By controlling data at various edge points, Fog computing integrates core cloud services with those of a truly distributed data center platform. As more services are created to benefit the end-user, edge and Fog networks will become more prevalent. Numerous verticals are ready to adopt. Many organizations are already adopting the concept of the Fog. Many different types of services aim to deliver rich content to the end-user. This spans IT shops, vendors, and entertainment companies as well. Seamless integration with the cloud and other services. With Fog services, we’re able to enhance the cloud experience by isolating user data that needs to live on the edge. From there, administrators are able to tie-in analytics, security, or other services directly into their cloud model.
Future of Fog Computing With the increase in data and cloud services utilization, Fog Computing will play a key role in helping reduce latency and improving the user experience. We are now truly distributing the data plane and pushing advanced services to the edge. By doing so, administrators are able to bring rich content to the user faster, more efficiently, and – very importantly – more economically. This, ultimately, will mean better data access, improved corporate analytics capabilities, and an overall improvement in the end-user computing experience Cisco’s Ginny Nichols coined the term fog computing. The metaphor comes from the fact that fog is the cloud close to the ground, just as fog computing concentrates processing at the edge of the network. According to Cisco, fog computing extends from the edge to the cloud, in a geographically distributed and hierarchical organization. “Fog could take a burden off the network. As 50 billion objects become connected worldwide by 2020, it will not make sense to handle everything in the cloud. Distributed apps and edge-computing devices need distributed resources. Fog brings computation to the data. Low-power devices, close to the edge of the network, can deliver real-time response”says Technical Leader Rodolfo Milito, one of Cisco’s thought leaders in fog computing. “The Internet of Everything is changing how we interact with the real world,” Milito added:“Things that were totally disconnected from the Internet before, such as cars, are now merging onto it. But as we go from one billion endpoints to one trillion endpoints worldwide, that creates not only a real scalability problem but the challenge of dealing with complex clusters of endpoints – what we call ‘rich systems’ – rather than dealing with individual endpoints. Fog’s hardware infrastructure and software platform helps solve that.”
