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Englis Reviewer
(10-Nazareth- 3rd Quarter)
Argumentative Essay
High level ● Formulated argument could be supported by Presented facts/statistics as evidence 3 or more reasons ● could be veri ed ● Assumptions could be formulated Medium level ● No su icient reasons and evidence could be formulated from the argument ● No assumptions could be formulated Low level ● No argument could be formulated CLAIM It is the position or assertion in relation to an issue. It cannot be used to support an argument because it is a stand that must be defended. ARGUMENT It is the statements that support the claim. EVIDENCE It is the facts or the reasons that support an argument. It can be:
- Facts
- Statistics
- Examples COUNTERARGUMENT(con) It is the opposing argument or assertion. REBUTTAL (refutation) It is the logical argument for rejecting the argument. It restates the claim , CONCLUSION summarizes arguments, restates the counterclaim and rebuttal and makes any recommendation.
Components of an Argumentative Essay
● Introduction
- an introductory paragraph
- the start of the essay
- ca ed the “gateway” of an essay because it attracts the attention of readers to the essay and gives the reader’s background information about the topic
- also introduces the thesis statement (heart of an essay), and te s what is to be discussed in the body paragraphs ● Body ➢ the body paragraph where facts of the given thesis statements of the essay are written, and where the arguments are written to support the statements.
● Refutation or Counterargument ➢ the argument to refute earlier arguments and to give weight to the actual position ● Conclusion ➢ rephrasing the thesis statement, major points, ca ing attention, or just having the concluding remarks ➢ has some recommendations REMEMBER:
- The CLAIM is what you believe in, whereas the
- STATEMENTS (can be proven to be true) that support your claim are ca ed the ARGUMENTS (which need supporting evidence). How To Outline an Argumentative Essay in 4 Steps
- Introductory paragraph. Present the topic of the essay in an interesting way. Using humor in presenting an important quality or an issue may interest the reader.
- The thesis statement. This is part of the introductory paragraph. It states the topic and the purpose of your entire essay
- Body paragraphs. It supports and develops the thesis statement. Each paragraph in an essay supports the thesis statement of the introductory paragraph.
- Conclusion. It summarizes the thoughts and brings the paragraph to a close. 4 types of argument Claims
- FACT - whether the statement is factual or untrue.
- DEFINITION -the dictionary meaning of what you’re arguing, plus your own personal understanding of it.
- CAUSE AND EFFECT- what causes the problem in your essay and what e ect it has.
- POLICY- why the reader should care and what they should do about it after reading.
Informative, persuasive and
Argumentative Writing techniques
INFORMATIVE WRITING
▪ Informative writing educates readers by imparting straightforward information and facts, but never personal opinions. Introduction
- the beginning. present your thesis statement
- hook- grab the attention of the readers Body
- the opportunity to expound upon the thesis
- statement and grab the attention of the audience
- with solid facts, statistics, statements, and other
- supporting details.
- Although a critique shares the same root with the word “CRITICIZE,” it does not mean that the write-up merely points out the faults or aws in a story or lm.
- Instead, a critique seeks to shed light on theCONTENT of a “text” (the story, novel, song, movie etc.) in order to help future readers or viewers understand better the material that they are reading or viewing. CRITIQUES contain a careful evaluation of the fo owing elements of a narrative:
- CHARACTERIZATION - Do we know enough about the characters (life, attitudes, some type of history, etc.) to make them interesting and relatable?
- SETTING - Does it inform or connect to other aspects of the story such as character development and narrative style?
- CONFLICT – What type of con ict dictates the ow of the events in the story?
- PLOT - Is the plot interesting, original and we -developed? Are the unnecessary and confusing subplots?
- DIALOGUE – How do the dialogues help in establishing the characterization and plot of the story?
- THEME - How we does the story speak to the readers? Does it raise questions about life, or provide profound insights?
- STYLE - How distinctive or unique is the writing style? Is it purposeful? Are there literary devices or techniques used? These aspects, as we as the manner that they were presented in the material, are studied so that the critic can come up with a valid evaluation on whether or not the material is good, beautiful, or signi cant especia y for the readers or viewers. -As a form of ACADEMIC writing, it could be applied in analyzing various materials such as arts, literary works, research, and media articles. -One example of academic writing is a movie review. WHAT IS A MOVIE REVIEW? It sums up the author’s personal impression and critical evaluation of the lm. Its purpose is to inform, analyze, convince, and entertain the readers.
HOW TO WRITE AN EFFECTIVE MOVIE
REVIEW
HEADLINE: Title of the Movie
- Try to add a pun or catchy statement.
- FILM INTRO
➔ Introduce the lm by saying that you have watched it, and you want to share your opinion about it. ➔ Indicate what type of lm it is.
2.. Plot/Summary ➔ Summarize the plot of the movie. Indicate the setting and characters.
- Setting Spotlight ➔ Elaborate how the setting contributed to the e ectiveness of the lm, to the actions of the casts, and to the emotions and atmosphere it sets through every scene.
- Character Limelight ➔ Talk about how the actors/actresses portrayed their characters in the movie. Discuss about their characters and how the actors/actresses are e ective or not in giving justice to their roles. 5.. Likes/Dislikes ➔ Talk about what you like and dislike in the movie. ➔ Give some speci c details. 6.. Lesson Learned ➔ Share the theme/moral lessons that you have learned and what you think other audience wi learn from it. 7.. Recommendation ➔ Identify the group of people who would like and enjoy seeing the movie. Express whether you wi recommend the movie or not to the viewers.
Formalism/Formalist Approach
➔ refers to critical approaches that analyze, interpret, or evaluate the inherent features of a text. These features include not only grammar and syntax but also literary devices such as meters and gures of speech. The formalist approach reduces the importance of a text’s historical, biographical, and cultural context. A. Technical - attempts to be a science of literature, with a technical vocabulary B. Explicate-emphasizes clari cation “close reading,” of “the work itself” C. Formal-aims to classify, categorize, and catalog works according to their formal attributes Literary Devices - are tools used by writers to hint at larger themes, ideas, and
Oxymoron - It is placing two opposing or contradictory words side by side to form a single phrase. Examples: We wear our virtual reality helmets to play the game. Parting is such sweet sorrow.
Moralist Approach
➢ is a type of literary critique that judges the value of the literature based on its moral or ethical teachings. ➢ Its concern is not only to discover meaning but also to determine whether works of literature are both true and signi cant. ➢ It is used to determine whether a work conveys a lesson or message and whether it can help readers lead better lives and improve their understanding of the world. ➢ Using this approach, literature that is ethica y sound and virtuous is praised while literature that misguides and corrupts is condemned A critique does four things: ✓ demonstrates a clear understanding of the material being critiqued, along with the author’s purpose and meaning ✓ analyzes that material by dividing it into its main sections, or approaching its aspects ✓ de nes and discusses the meaning and importance of each of these sections ✓ uses a of these information on identi ed set of criteria to judge the worth or value of the material
Marxist
➔ focuses on power struggles of the characters. ➔ This concerns class di erences, economics , as we as the implications and complications of the capitalist system. ➔ shows you how the lower or working classes are oppressed - in everyday life and in literature.
Feminist
➔ Or the gender relationships of characters in the story. It advocates gender equality especia y towards women. It also examines how some aspects of our culture are inherently patriarchal or male dominated.
Historical
➔ sees literature as both a re ection and a product of the times and circumstances in which it is written.
Reader-response
➔ Literature may be judged according to how the reader perceives it instead of what the author intends. ➔ The text itself has no meaning until it is read by a reader. The reader creates the meaning. ➔ Analysis of the reader's role in the production of meaning makes someone's reading a function of personal identity.
