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CONTENTS
- Formula Student Rules
- Changelog
- Abbreviations
- A Administrative Regulations - A 1 Competition Overview - A 2 Vehicle Eligibility - A 3 Rules of Conduct - A 4 General Requirements for Teams & Participants - A 5 Documentation & Deadlines - A 6 General Rules
- T General Technical Requirements - T 1 General Design Requirements - T 2 General Chassis Design - T 3 Cockpit - T 4 Driver Restraint System - T 5 Brake System - T 6 Powertrain - T 7 Aerodynamic Devices - T 8 Compressed Gas Systems and High Pressure Hydraulics - T 9 Fasteners - T 10 Electrical Components - T 11 Vehicle Identification - T 12 Vehicle and Driver Equipment
- CV Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles - CV 1 Internal Combustion Engine Powertrains - CV 2 Fuel and Fuel System - CV 3 Exhaust System and Noise Control - CV 4 Electric System and Shutdown System
- EV Electric Vehicles - EV 1 Electric System Definitions - EV 2 Electric Powertrain - EV 3 Tractive System Energy Storage - EV 4 Tractive System General Requirements - EV 5 Shutdown Circuit and Systems - EV 6 Overcurrent Protection - EV 7 Chargers - EV 8 High Voltage Procedures and Tools - EV 9 Electrical System Form (ESF)
- DV Driverless Vehicles Contents
- DV 1 Vehicle Requirements and Restrictions
- DV 2 Autonomous System
- DV 3 Emergency Brake System (EBS)
- DV 4 Sensors
- IN Technical Inspections
- IN 1 General
- IN 2 Pre-Inspection
- IN 3 [EV ONLY] Accumulator Inspection
- IN 4 [EV ONLY] Electrical Inspection
- IN 5 Mechanical Inspection
- IN 6 [DV ONLY] Driverless Inspection
- IN 7 Tilt Test
- IN 8 Vehicle Weighing
- IN 9 [EV ONLY] Rain Test
- IN 10 [CV ONLY] Noise Test
- IN 11 Brake Test
- IN 12 Post Event Inspection
- S Static Events
- S 1 Business Plan Presentation Event (BPP)
- S 2 Cost and Manufacturing Event
- S 3 Engineering Design Event
- S 4 [DV ONLY] Autonomous Design Event
- D Dynamic Event Regulations
- D 1 Dynamic Events General
- D 2 Driving Rules
- D 3 Weather Conditions
- D 4 Skidpad Event
- D 5 Acceleration Event
- D 6 Autocross Event
- D 7 Endurance and Efficiency Event
- D 8 [DV ONLY] Trackdrive and Efficiency Event
- D 9 Dynamic Events Penalties
Contents
Rule Version Change
EV 4.13.6 1.1 Added explicit TSAL roll-over protection requirement EV 4.13.7 1.1 TSAL visibility for new aero rules EV 4.13.8 1.1 Added TSAL to SCS EV 5.1.7 1.1 Clarification of BSPD error handling EV 5.4.6 1.1 Added indicator to SCS EV 5.5.1 1.1 Clarification about BSPD reset EV 6 1.1 Changed fusing requirements to more general overcurrent protection DV 1.4.7 1.1 Remote Emergency System (RES) antenna mounting DV 2.3 1.1 Reordered and clarified the some safety issues concerning usage of Tractive System Active Light (TSAL) and Autonomous System Status Indicator (ASSI) DV 3.2.5 1.1 Emergency Brake System (EBS) failure indicator light added DV 3.4.2 1.1 Clarification: No EBS trigger when in finished state DV 3.4.3 1.1 New EBS transition IN 6.1.1 1.1 Changed wording for clarification IN 6.3.3 1.1 Added acceleration distance IN 11.2.4 1.1 Added TSAL illumination check IN 11.2.5 1.1 Added ready-to-drive sound level check IN 12.1.1 1.1 Added trackdrive for Driverless Vehicle (DV) IN 12.1.2 1.1 Changed wording IN 12.2.3 1.1 Changed wording IN 12.2.8 1.1 Disassembly of data logger added D 7.8.9 1.1 Refer E 85 fuel volume to 98 RON fuel volume D 7.9.7 1.1 Corrected efficiency score formula D 9.1.3 1.1 No rerun for Down or Out (DOO)
Formula Student Rules 2017
ABBREVIATIONS
AAIR ASF Add Item Request ADR Autonomous Design Report AIP Anti Intrusion Plate AIR Accumulator Isolation Relay AMI Autonomous Mission Indicator AMS Accumulator Management System APPS Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor ASF Autonomous System Form ASMS Autonomous System Master Switch ASR Autonomous System Responsible ASRQ ASR Qualification ASSI Autonomous System Status Indicator BOM Bill of Material BOTS Brake Over-Travel Switch BPES Business Plan Executive Summary BPP Business Plan Presentation Event BSE Brake System Encoder BSPD Brake System Plausibility Device CBOM Costed Bill of Material CCP Charging Connector and Power CRD Cost Report Documents CV Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle DI Direct Injection DNA Did Not Attempt DNF Did Not Finish DOO Down or Out DSS Design Spec Sheet DV Driverless Vehicle EAIR ESF Add Item Request
EBS Emergency Brake System ECU Electronic Control Unit EDR Engineering Design Report EI Flexural Rigidity ESF Electrical System Form ESO Electrical System Officer ESOQ Electrical System Officer Qualification ETC Electronic Throttle Control EV Electric Vehicle FEA Finite Element Analysis FMEA Failure Modes and Effects Analysis FTO Fuel Type Order GLV Grounded Low Voltage GLVMS Grounded Low Voltage Master Switch HPI High Pressure Injection HV High Voltage HVD High Voltage Disconnect IA Impact Attenuator IAD Impact Attenuator Data IMD Insulation Monitoring Device LPI Low Pressure Injection LV Low Voltage OC Off-course OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer PCB Printed Circuit Board R2D Ready-to-drive RES Remote Emergency System RMS Root Mean Square SCS System Critical Signal
Formula Student Rules 2017
A ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
A 1 COMPETITION OVERVIEW
A 1.1 Competition Objective
A 1.1.1 The competition challenges teams of university students to conceive, design, fabricate, develop and compete with small, formula style, race cars.
A 1.2 Competition Procedure
A 1.2.1 The competition is split into the following classes:
- Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (CV)
- Electric Vehicle (EV)
- Driverless Vehicle (DV) (which are either CV or EV)
A 1.2.2 All vehicles must meet the requirements defined in the chapter T and dependent on their drivetrain either EV or CV.
A 1.2.3 Vehicles from the DV class in addition, must meet the requirements defined in chapter DV.
A 1.2.4 The competition starts with a series of technical inspections described in chapter IN to check the vehicle for safety and compliance with the rules.
A 1.2.5 The competition is divided into a series of static and dynamic events described in chapter S and D.
A 1.2.6 Maximum points are awarded as described in table 3.
A 1.2.7 The team with the most total points will win the competition for its class.
A 1.3 Competition Information
A 1.3.1 The competition specific rules and information are defined in the competition handbook.
A 1.3.2 The official language of the competition is English.
A 2 Vehicle Eligibility
CV & EV DV
Static Events: Business Plan Presentation 75 points 75 points Cost and Manufacturing 100 points 100 points Engineering Design 150 points 150 points Autonomous Design - 175 points Dynamic Events: Skid Pad 75 points 75 points Acceleration 75 points 75 points Autocross 100 points - Endurance 325 points - Efficiency 100 points 100 points Trackdrive - 250 points Total 1000 points 1000 points
Table 3: Maximum points awarded
A 2 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
A 2.1 Student Competition
A 2.1.1 Vehicles entered into the competition must be conceived, designed and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
A 2.1.2 The student team may use any information from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons.
A 2.1.3 Professionals may not make design decisions or drawings.
A 2.1.4 Students should perform fabrication tasks whenever possible.
A 2.2 First Year Vehicles
A 2.2.1 A vehicle may only be used for one year, counting from the first day of its first competition.
A 2.2.2 To be classified as new, a vehicle must have significant changes in the chassis structure to its predecessor.
A 2.3 [DV ONLY] Second and Third Year Vehicles
A 2.3.1 In derogation from rule A 2 .2.1 and A 2 .2.2, reconfigured second and third year vehicles may participate in the DV class.
A 2.3.2 Second and third years vehicles need to be compliant to the chapters A, DV, IN, S, D and to all rules marked as [DV ONLY] in the chapters T, CV (for DV combustion vehicles) and EV (for DV electric vehicles).
A 4 General Requirements for Teams & Participants
A 3.6 Questions about the Rules
A 3.6.1 Questions about the rules may be asked to the officials.
A 3.6.2 The frequently asked questions (FAQ) section on the competition website must be checked before submitting a question.
A 3.6.3 The officials will only answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel interpretation.
A 3.6.4 Refer to the competition website for specific directions how to submit a rules question.
A 3.7 Protests
A 3.7.1 If a team has a question about scoring, judging, policies or any official action it must be brought to the officials’ attention for an informal preliminary review before a protest can be filed.
A 3.7.2 A team may protest any rule interpretation, score or official action which they feel has caused some actual, non-trivial, harm to their team, or has had a substantive effect on their score.
A 3.7.3 All protests must be filed in writing and presented to the officials by the team captain. In order to have a protest considered, a team must post a 25 point protest bond which will be forfeited if their protest is rejected.
A 3.7.4 Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed within the protest period announced by the officials.
A 3.7.5 The decision of the officials regarding any protest will be in a written form and is final.
A 4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TEAMS & PARTICIPANTS
A 4.1 Teams per University
A 4.1.1 A university may register a CV team, an EV team and a DV team.
A 4.1.2 For the purposes of registering and competing, a university’s CV team, EV team and DV team are considered to be separate and independent entities.
A 4.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team.
A 4.2 Team Members
A 4.2.1 A team member may only be part of one team, work on one vehicle and take part in a static or dynamic event for only one team.
A 4.2.2 Each team must have one team member identified as the team captain. The team captain is the main contact person for the officials during the registration process and the competition.
A 4 General Requirements for Teams & Participants
A 4.3 Student Status
A 4.3.1 Team members must be enrolled as degree seeking undergraduate or graduate students in any university. Team members who have graduated within the seven month period prior to the competition remain eligible to participate.
A 4.3.2 Students seeking a PhD degree/PhD students or equivalent are not allowed to participate.
A 4.4 Age
A 4.4.1 Team members must be at least eighteen years of age.
A 4.5 Driver’s License
A 4.5.1 Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must present a valid, government issued driver’s license for passenger cars, containing a photograph.
A 4.6 Insurance
A 4.6.1 Each participant must provide proof of valid private liability & individual health insurance for the competition.
A 4.7 Liability Waiver
A 4.7.1 All onsite participants must sign a liability waiver upon registering onsite which can be found on the competition website.
A 4.8 [EV ONLY] Electrical System Officer (ESO)
A 4.8.1 Every participating team has to appoint at least one ESO for the competition.
A 4.8.2 The ESO is responsible for all work carried out on the vehicle during the competition.
A 4.8.3 The ESO is the only person in the team who may declare the vehicle electrically safe, in order for work to be performed on any system of the vehicle by the team.
A 4.8.4 The ESO must be a valid team member, which means that he/she must have student status, see A 4.3.
A 4.8.5 The ESO must be contactable by phone at all times during the competition.
A 4.8.6 The ESO must accompany the vehicle whenever it is operated or moved around at the competition site.
A 4.8.7 If only one ESO is named by the team, this ESO may not be a driver.
A 4.8.8 The ESO must be properly qualified. The ESO must be certified or must have received appropriate practical training (formal or informal) for working with high voltage systems in
A 5 Documentation & Deadlines
A 5.2.2 Uploaded documents may only be viewed by members of the submitting team, authorized judges and officials.
A 5.2.3 By submitting documents via the competition website, the team agrees that it can be repro- duced and distributed by the officials, in both complete and edited versions, for educational purpose.
A 5.2.4 Documents that are largely incomplete will count as not submitted.
A 5.3 Late Submission or Non-Submission
A 5.3.1 Submissions later than the initial deadline will be penalized with ten points for group A and B for each overdue 24 hours. These will be deducted from the team’s total score up to a maximum of 70 points for each deadline independently.
A 5.3.2 Teams that submit documents that miss the initial deadlines of group A by more than 168 hours (7 days) will be de-registered from the competition.
A 5.3.3 Teams that submit documents that miss the initial deadlines of group B by more than 168 hours ( 7 days) will receive zero points for the related event. In that case, no additional penalty points are given.
A 5.4 Correction Requests
A 5.4.1 If the officials request a correction for a document of group A and the team has not uploaded a corrected version after 168 hours ( 7 days) following the request, it will be penalized with five points for each overdue 24 hours, up to a maximum of 35 points for each correction request independently. These points will be deducted from the team’s total score.
A 5.4.2 The team will be de-registered from the competition if it has not uploaded a corrected version of a document of group A after 336 hours (14 days) following the request.
A 5.4.3 Simultaneous requests for different parts within one document or form will be penalized independently of each other.
A 5.5 De-registration
A 5.5.1 A team which is de-registered from the competition has a single chance to apply for a placement on the waiting list.
A 5.5.2 To apply, the team must complete the following within 24 hours after the de-registration notification
- Submit an informal application to the officials
- Correct the reason of de-registration (e.g. upload of a document)
A 5.5.3 If the application is positively confirmed by the officials, the team will be
- Placed at the end of the waiting list
- Receive the full amount of penalties for the offense
A 5 Documentation & Deadlines
A 5.5.4 Applications will be declined if the rework is inadequate or de-registration was caused by misbehavior of the team.
A 5.6 Vehicle Status Video (VSV)
A 5.6.1 All teams must upload a video showing the vehicle driving prior to the competition. The video must be uploaded before the deadline specified in the competition handbook.
A 5.6.2 The video must show the following sequences:
- Standing still (video close-up of the vehicle front left-side; min. 70 %)
- Straight driving
- 180° cornering
- Straight driving back to start point
- Standing still (video close-up of the vehicle front right-side; min. 70 %)
A 5.6.3 The video must fulfill the following criteria:
- Continuous video from a third person view - no assembled sequences
- Vehicle must be clearly visible (light, video resolution, frames and frequency)
- Vehicle must run by its own power
- Driving in a clearly separated and/or protected area (rule A 6.4 applies)
- Vehicle must be presented in ready-to-race conditions incl. body work
- Driver must wear clothes as specified in the rules, incl. helmet, driver suit, gloves and arm-restraints
- [EV ONLY] TSAL must be clearly visible in the video
- [EV ONLY] Ready-to-drive sound must be audible in the video
- [DV ONLY] The vehicle must drive without a driver.
- [DV ONLY] ASSI must be clearly visible in the video
- Must not exceed a length of 45 seconds and size of 40 MB
- File format must be common like avi, mpg, mp4, wmv
A 5.6.4 The submitted VSV will be reviewed based on the specified criteria above. Fulfilling the specified criteria is the responsibility of the team. The goal of the review is to recognize if the vehicle is in ready-to-race condition for the competition.
A 5.6.5 The VSV will be reviewed in order of submission. A review may take up to two weeks.
A 5.6.6 If a team receives a “fail” for its video prior the VSV deadline, the video will be treated as not submitted. A new upload is possible afterwards.
A 5.6.7 Each team without a video upload prior to the specified deadline will receive ten penalty points. Furthermore, the team will receive three penalty points for each additional 24 hours. The last upload of a video is possible until 336 hours ( 14 days) after the VSV deadline (max. 49 penalty points). Teams without a video at this point will be de-registered from the competition. A re-entry will not be possible.
A 6 General Rules
A 6.3.2 [DV ONLY] Drivers that want to operate a DV vehicle in manual mode on the test track are required to attend the team briefing as well.
A 6.3.3 [DV ONLY] All ASR are required to attend the onsite ASR meeting.
A 6.4 Testing and Work Safety
A 6.4.1 Competition organizers are not responsible for the use of the vehicles outside of their competition.
A 6.4.2 The competition officials dissociate themselves from all activities of the teams besides their own competition and associated events.
A 6.4.3 All teams are advised to follow common practices and common sense when working on the vehicle and when operating the vehicle, also before and after a competition.
A 6.4.4 The vehicles must not participate in events not suitable for this type of vehicles like hill climbs, drag races or similar.
A 6.4.5 Teams must never use their vehicles for wheel-to-wheel races.
A 6.4.6 The following listed requirements are considered the minimum of what should be met to qualify as a safe testing/running environment. This does not mean that following these guidelines guarantees safety under all circumstances:
- Driver wearing full protection gear incl. arm restraints
- Working TSAL, IMD, AMS, ASSI, RES, EBS, APPS/brake pedal plausibility check, APPS, and ETC plausibility check if applicable
- Rules compliant frame / monocoque and mounted impact attenuator
- No other passenger cars, trucks etc. being driven on the same premise at the same time, unless the area is clearly separated
- No running under low visibility conditions
- No running at speeds above typical event speeds
- No running in areas where crashing into obstacles at the height of the driver’s head is possible, such that parts of the vehicle may pass below an obstacle, but the driver’s head can be trapped between the obstacle and the main hoop for example.
A 6.4.7 Organizers reserve the right to disqualify a registered team of their competition in case of unsafe driving behavior, especially if the reputation of the competition, sponsors and other teams is compromised.
A 6.5 Onsite Working Safety
A 6.5.1 Everyone in the dynamic area and everybody working on the vehicle must wear appropriate, closed-toed shoes.
A 6.5.2 When using metal cutting equipment that produces metal swarf, eye protection is required for the operator as well as any team member assisting.
A 6.5.3 When operating loud tools, hearing protection is required.
A 6 General Rules
A 6.5.4 Any operation producing litter or debris, e.g. cutting of carbon fiber, should not be performed in the pits.
A 6.5.5 When jacking up the vehicle a safe, stable, load rated support device must be used.
A 6.5.6 The use of motorcycles, quads, bicycles, scooters, skateboards, rollerblades or similar person- carrying devices by team members and spectators in any part of the competition area is prohibited.
A 6.5.7 The use of self-propelled pit carts, tool boxes, tire carriers or similar motorized devices in any part of the competition site is prohibited.
A 6.6 Alcohol and Illegal Material
A 6.6.1 Alcohol, illegal drugs, weapons or other illegal material are prohibited on the competition site during the competition.
A 6.6.2 If any team member is tested with an alcohol level higher than 0 .0 ‰, he or she will be immediately disqualified for the rest of the competition. The second person of the same team caught with an alcohol level higher than 0 .0 ‰ will result in the entire team being disqualified immediately.
A 6.7 Vehicle Movement
A 6.7.1 Vehicles may not move under their own power anywhere but on the practice or competition tracks.
A 6.7.2 [EV ONLY] The detachable handle or key of the Tractive System Master Switch (TSMS) must be taken off completely and kept by a ESO. The lockout/tagout function of the TSMS, see EV 5.2.6, must be used.
A 6.7.3 [EV ONLY] In case that the vehicle has not passed electrical inspection, the High Voltage Disconnect (HVD), see EV 4 .7, must be disconnected, whilst the vehicle is moved around on the competition site. This also includes taking part in static events.
A 6.7.4 [DV ONLY] Driverless vehicles must also have their autonomous system (see definition in section DV 2 .2) deactivated when being moved around the paddock. The detachable handle or key of the Autonomous System Master Switch (ASMS) must be taken off completely and kept by an ASR.
A 6.7.5 Vehicles must be pushed at a normal walking pace by means of a “pushbar” (see rule T 12 .1) and with a team member in the cockpit wearing the required driver equipment as defined in T 12.3.1.
A 6.7.6 The person in the cockpit must have full control of steering and braking.
A 6.7.7 When the pushbar is attached to the vehicle, the engine/tractive system must remain off.
A 6.7.8 Vehicles with wings are required to have two team members walking on either side of the vehicle whenever the vehicle is being pushed.
Formula Student Rules 2017
T GENERAL TECHNICAL
REQUIREMENTS
T 1 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
T 1.1 Vehicle Configuration
T 1.1.1 The vehicle must be designed and fabricated in accordance with good engineering practices.
T 1.1.2 The vehicle must be an open-wheeled single seat and open-cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line.
T 1.1.3 Open wheel vehicles must satisfy (see also Figure 1):
(a) The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. (b) No part of the vehicle may enter a keep-out-zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm behind the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. This keep-out zone will extend laterally from the outside plane of the wheel/tire to the inboard plane of the wheel/tire.
75 mm 75 mm 75 mm 75 mm
No Parts allowed in this Area View on this Surface must be unobstructed
Figure 1: Keep-out-zones for the definition of an open-wheeled vehicle.
T 1 General Design Requirements
T 1.2 Bodywork
T 1.2.1 There must be no openings through the bodywork into the driver compartment other than that required for the cockpit opening. Minimal openings around the front suspension and steering system components are allowed.
T 1.2.2 All edges of the bodywork that could come into contact with a pedestrian must have a minimum radius of 1 mm. The bodywork in front of the front wheels must have a radius of at least 38 mm extending at least 45° relative to the forward direction, along the top, sides and bottom of all affected edges.
T 1.3 Suspension
T 1.3.1 The vehicle must be equipped with fully operational front and rear suspension systems including absorbers and a usable wheel travel of at least 50 mm with driver seated (25 mm jounce and 25 mm rebound).
T 1.3.2 All suspension mounting points must be visible at technical inspection, either by direct view or by removing any covers.
T 1.4 Wheels
T 1.4.1 Any wheel mounting system that uses a single retaining nut must incorporate a device to retain the nut and the wheel in the event that the nut loosens. A second nut (“jam nut”) does not meet these requirements.
T 1.4.2 Standard wheel lug bolts must be made of steel and are considered engineering fasteners. Teams using modified lug bolts or custom designs will be required to provide proof that good engineering practices have been followed in their design.
T 1.4.3 Aluminum wheel nuts may be used, but they must be hard anodized and in pristine condition.
T 1.5 Tires
T 1.5.1 Vehicles must have two types of tires as follows:
(a) Dry tires - The tires on the vehicle when it is presented for technical inspection are defined as its “dry tires”. (b) Wet tires - Wet tires may be any size or type of treaded or grooved tire provided:
- The tread pattern or grooves were molded in by the tire manufacturer or were cut by the tire manufacturer or his appointed agent. Any grooves that have been cut must have documentary proof that it was done in accordance with these rules.
- There is a minimum tread depth of 2.4 mm.
T 1.5.2 Tires on the same axle must have the same manufacturer, size and compound.
T 1.5.3 Tire warmers are not allowed.
T 1.5.4 Special agents that increase traction may not be added to the tires or track surface.
