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FORMULAS AND CALCULATION BOOKLET 2026, Exams of Advanced Education

Chamberlain College of NursingAdvanced Education

FORMULAS AND CALCULATION BOOKLET 2026

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 02/13/2026

ACADEMIC_EXCELLENCE
ACADEMIC_EXCELLENCE 🇺🇸

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bg1
Chapter xa(9)
FORMULAS xaAND xaCALCULATION
PETRO-GUIDE xa(Fahd xaAbdel-Aziz)
468
CONVERSIONS
a)
LENGTH:
b) xaVOLUME:
c) xaDENSITY:
d) xaPRESSURE:
e) xaPRESSURE xaGRADIENT:
f) xaMASS:
FORMULAS xaAND xaCALCULATION
Inch xax xa2.5400 xa= xacm cm xax xa0.3937 xa= xainch
Feet xax xa0.3048 xa= xam m xax xa3.2814 xa= xafeet
ft3
xax xa0.0283 xa= xam3 m3
xax xa35.314 xa= xafeet3
ft3
xax xa0.1781 xa= xabarrel bbl xax xa5.6146 xa= xafeet3
ft3
xax xa7.4805 xa= xaUS xagallon gal xax xa0.1337 xa= xafeet3
m3
xax xa6.28994 xa= xabarrel bbl xax xa0.1589 xa= xam3
1lt xax xa0.2642 xa= xaUS xagallon US xagal xax xa3.7854 xa= xalitre
cm3
xax xa0.06102 xa= xainch3 bbl xax xa158.98 xa= xalitre
1bbl xax xa42 xa= xagallon in3
xax xa16.3871 xa= xacm3
s.g. xax xa62.43 xa= xa1b/ft3 1b/ft3
xax xa0.01600 xa= xas.g.
ppg xax xa0.11984 xa= xakg/1lt kg/1lt xax xa8.345 xa= xappg
Psi/ft xax xa19.268 xa= xappg ppg xax xa0.0519 xa= xapsi/ft
ppg xax xa119.9 xa= xakg/m2 kg/m2x xa0.008345 xa= xappg
Psi xa/ xa14.5038 xa= xabar bar xa/ xa0.06895 xa= xapsi
Psi xa/ xa14.2233 xa= xakg/cm2 kg/cm2
xa/ xa0.07031 xa= xapsi
Psi/ft xax xa22.62 xa= xakpa/m kpa/m xax xa0.4421 xa= xapsi/ft
1b xax xa0.4536 xa= xakg kg xax xa2.2046 xa= xa1b
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b
pf1c
pf1d
pf1e
pf1f
pf20
pf21
pf22
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pf24
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pf29
pf2a
pf2b
pf2c
pf2d
pf2e
pf2f
pf30
pf31
pf32
pf33
pf34
pf35
pf36
pf37
pf38
pf39
pf3a
pf3b
pf3c
pf3d
pf3e
pf3f
pf40
pf41
pf42
pf43
pf44
pf45
pf46
pf47
pf48
pf49
pf4a
pf4b
pf4c

Partial preview of the text

Download FORMULAS AND CALCULATION BOOKLET 2026 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!

CONVERSIONS

a)

LENGTH:

b) x a VOLUME:

c) x a DENSITY:

d) x a PRESSURE:

e) x a PRESSURE xaGRADIENT:

f) x a MASS:

FORMULASxaANDxaCALCULATION

Inch xax xa2.5400 xa= xacm cm xax xa0.3937 xa= xainch

Feet xax xa0.3048 xa= xam m xax xa3.2814 xa= xafeet

ft^3 xax xa0.0283 xa= xam^3 m^3 xax xa35.314 xa= xafeet^3

ft^3 xax xa0.1781 xa= xabarrel bbl xax xa5.6146 xa= xafeet^3

ft^3 xax xa7.4805 xa= xaUS xagallon gal xax xa0.1337 xa= xafeet^3

m^3 xax xa6.28994 xa= xabarrel bbl xax xa0.1589 xa= xam^3

1lt xax xa0.2642 xa= xaUS xagallon USxagal xax xa3.7854 xa= xalitre

cm^3 xax xa0.06102 xa= xainch^3 bbl xax xa158.98 xa= xalitre

1bbl xax xa 42 xa= xagallon in^3 xax xa16.3871 xa= xacm^3

s.g. xax xa62.43 xa= xa1b/ft^3 1b/ft^3 xax xa0.01600 xa= xas.g.

ppg xax xa0.11984 xa= xakg/1lt kg/1lt xax xa8.345 xa= xappg

Psi/ft xax xa19.268 xa= xappg ppg xax xa0.0519 xa= xapsi/ft

ppg xax xa119.9 xa= xakg/m^2 kg/m^2 x xa0.008345 xa= xappg

Psi xa/ xa14.5038 xa= xabar bar xa/ xa0.06895 xa= xapsi

Psi xa/ xa14.2233 xa= xakg/cm^2 kg/cm^2 xa/xa0.07031 xa= xapsi

Psi/ft xax xa22.62 xa= xakpa/m kpa/mxax xa0.4421 xa= xapsi/ft

1b xax xa0.4536 xa= xakg kg xax xa2.2046 xa= xa1b

SIxaUnit xaPrefixes:

Formula xa(2):

Specific xagravity xausing xapressure xagradient xa(psi/ft): SGxa =

Specific xagravity xausing xamud xaweight xa(lb/ft^3 ): SG xa =

Pressure xagradient
Mudxaweightxa(lb/ft^3 )

Convert xaspecific xagravity xato xamud xaweight xa(ppg): Mud xaweightxa (ppg) xa= xa Specific xagravity xax xa8.

xaConvert xaspecific xagravity xato xapressure xagradient xa(psi/ft): Psi/ft xa = xa Specific xagravity xax xa0.

xaConvert xaspecific xagravity xato xamud xaweight xa(lb/ft^3 ): lb/ft^3 xa = xa Specific xagravity xax xa62.

5. EquivalentxaCirculatingxaDensityxa(ECD)xa(ppg):

ECDxa (ppg) xa= xa (Annular xapressure, xaloss xa(psi)) xa÷ xa0.052 xa÷ xaTVD xa(ft) xa+ xa(Mud xaweight, xain xause xa(ppg))

6. MaximumxaAllowablexaMudxaWeightxafromxaLeak-offxaTestxaData:

Ppgxa = xa (Leak-off xaPressure xa(psi)) xa ÷ xa 0.052 xa ÷ xa (Casing xaShoexaTVD xa(ft)) xa+ xa(Mud xaweight xa(ppg))

7. PumpxaOutputxa(POP):

=xa[3xa(linerxaOD^2 )xaxxa0.000971xaxxaStkxaLengthxaft]xaxxaEfficiency

[(LinerxaOD^2 ) xaxxaStkxaLengthxain xaxxaEfficiency]
Or xa=

POPxa(bbl/stk) x a = xa0.000243 xax xa(liner xadiameter xa(in))^2 xaX xa(Stroke xalength xa(in))

POP xa(gpm) xa= xa[3 xa(7^2 xax xa0.7854) xaS] xa0.00411 xax

xaSPM

D= xa liner xadiameter xa(in.)
S= xa Stroke xalength xa(in.)
SPM= xa Strokes xaper xaMinute.

=xa[4xa(linerxaOD^2 x a - xaRodxaOD^2 )xaxxa0.000971xaxxaStkxaLength]xaxxaEfficiency

[(LinerxaOD^2 ) xaxxaStkxaLengthxain xaxxaEfficiency]

Or xa=

0.000324 xax xa(Liner xaDiameter“)^2 xax xa(stroke xalength” xa) x a = xa bbl/stk
  • 0.000162 xax xa(Liner xaDiameter“)^2 xax xa(stroke xalength” xa) xa= xa bbl/stk
xaPump xaoutput xa@ xa100% xaeff. xa= xa bbl/stk

POP xa(bbl/stk) xa= xa0.000162 xax xaS xa[2(D)xa^2 xa- xad^2 ] D= S= xa^ xa Strokeliner^ xadiameter xalength xa(in.)

(in.)

SPM= xa Strokes xaper xaMinute.
Formula xa(2):
Formula xa(1):
Formula xa(1):

8. Annular xaVelocity xa(AV):

xaFormulaxa(1): AV xa(ft/mm)

xa=

Formulaxa(2): AV xa(ft/mm) xa =

Formulaxa(3): AV xa(ft/min)

xa=
Pump xaoutput xa(bbl/min)
xaAnnularxacapacityxa(bbl/ft)
24.5 xax xaQ.
xaDh^2 −
xaDp^2
POPxa(bbl/min)xaxxa1029.
xaDh^2 − xaDp^2
Q xa= xa Circulation xarate xa(gpm)
Dh xa= xa Inside xadiameterxaofxacasing xaor
xahole xasize xa(in.)
Dp xa= xa Outsidexadiameterxaofxapipe,
xatubing xaor xacollars xa(in.)

Annular xavelocity xa(AV) xa(ft/sec):

17.16xaxxaPOPxa(bbl/min)
AVxa(ft/sec) xa=
Dh^2 − x a Dp^2

Pump xaoutput xa(gpm), xarequired xafor xaa xadesired xaannular xavelocity xa(ft/mm):

Pump xaoutput xa(gpm)
xa =
AV xa(ft/mm) xax xa(Dh^2 −
xaDp^2 ) xa24.
AVxa =desiredxaannularxavelocityxa(ft/min)
xa Dh xa = xainside xadiameter xaof xacasing xaor
xahole xasize xa(in.)
Dp xa = xaoutside xadiameter xaof xapipe xa(in.)

Strokes xaper xaminute xa(SPM) xarequired xafor xaa xagiven xaannular xavelocity:

Annular xavelocity xa(ft/mm) xax xaannular xacapacity xa(bbl/ft)

SPM xa =

Pumpxaoutput xa[POP] xa(bbl/stk)

9. CapacityxaFormulas:

Annular xacapacity xabetween xacasing xaor xahole xaand xadrill xapipe, xatubing, xaor xacasing:

Dh^2 − x a Dp^2

a) Annular xacapacity xa (bbl/ft) xa=

b) Annular xacapacityxa (ft/bbl) xa=

c) Annularxacapacityxa (gal/ft) xa=

Dh^2 − x a Dp^2
Dh^2 −xaDp^2
xa 24.

d) Annular xacapacityxa (ft/gal) xa=

Dh^2 − x a Dp^2
Dh^2 − x a Dp^2

e) Annularxacapacityxa (ft^3 /Iinft) xa=

f) Annular xacapacityxa (linft/ft^3 ) xa=

Dh^2 − x a Dp^2

Annular xacapacity xabetween xacasing xaand xamultiple xastrings xaof xatubing:

a) Annular xacapacity xabetween xacasing xaand xamultiple xastrings xaof xatubing xa(bbl/ft):

Dh^2 − xa[(T1)^2 x a + xa(T2)^2 ]
Annular xacapacity xa(bbl/ft)
xa =

b) Annular xacapacity xabetween xacasing xaand xamultiple xastrings xaof xatubing xa(ft/bbl):

c) Annular xacapacity xabetween xacasing xaand xamultiple xastrings xaof xatubing xa(gal/ft):

Dh^2 − xa[(T1)^2 x a + xa(T2)^2 ]
Annular xacapacity xa(gal/ft )
xa=

d) Annular xacapacity xabetween xacasing xaand xamultiple xastrings xaof xatubing xa(ft/gal):

Annular xacapacity xa(ft/gal)
xa= Dh
2 − xa[(T1) 2 x a + xa(T2) 2 ]

e) Annular xacapacity xabetween xacasing xaand xamultiple xastrings xaof xatubing xa(ft^3 /linft):

Dh^2 − xa[(T1)^2 x a + xa(T2)^2 ]
Annular xacapacity xa(ft^3 /linft )
xa=

f) Annular xacapacity xabetween xacasing xaand xamultiple xastrings xaof xatubing xa(linft/ft^3 ):

Annular xacapacity xa(linft/ft^3 )
xa=
Dh^2 − xa[(T1)^2 x a^ + xa(T2)^2 x a^ + xa(T3)^2 ]

Capacityxaof xatubulars xaand xaopen xahole: xadrill xapipe, xadrill xacollars, xatubing, xacasing, xahole,

xaand xaany xacylindrical xaobject:

ID x a(in.)^2

a) Capacityxa(bbl/ft) xa =

b) Capacityxa(ft/bbl) xa =

ID x a(in.)^2

c) Capacity xa(gal/ft) xa =

IDxa(in.)^2
xa 24.

d) Capacity xa(ft/gal) xa =

ID x a(in.)^2

e) Capacityxa(ft^3 /linft) xa =

IDxa(in.)^2
x a 1813

f)

Capacity x a (linftl/ft^3 )xa =

ID x a(in.)^2

Amount xaof xacuttings xadrilled xaper xafoot xaof xahole xadrilled:

a) BARRELS xaof xacuttings xadrilled xaper xafoot xaof xahole xadrilled:

Dh^2
Barrelsxa =
(1 xa− xa%xaporosity)
Wcg = xaSolids xagenerated, xapounds

b) CUBIC xaFEET xaof xacuttings xadrilled xaper xafoot xaof xahole xadrilled:

Dh^2
Ch = xaCapacity xaof xahole xa(bbl/ft)
L = xaFootage xadrilled xa(ft)
Cubicxafeetxa =

c) Total xasolids xagenerated:

x xa0. xa 7854 xa(1 x a − x a % xaporosity)
SG = xaSpecific xagravity xaof xacuttings
P = xaPorosityxa(%)

Wcgxa =xa 35OxaChxaxxaLxa(lxaP)xaSG

10. ControlxaDrilling:

Maximum xadrilling xarate xa(MDR) xa(ft/hr), xawhen xadrifting xalarge xadiameter xaholes xa(14 xa3/4” xaand xalarger):

67 xaxxa(mudxawtxaoutxa(ppg)mudxawtxainxa(ppg)xaxxa(circulationxaratexa(gpm))
MDR xa(ft/hr) xa =

11. BuoyancyxaFactorxa(BF):

Dh^2

Buoyancy xafactor xausing xamud xaweight xa(ppg): BF x a = x a x a

65.5− x a Mud x a weight x a (ppg)
489− x a Mud x a weight x a (lb/ft^3 )

Buoyancy xafactor xausing xamud xaweight xa(lb/ft^3 ): BFxa =

12. HydrostaticxaPressurexa(HP)xaDecreasexaWhenxaPOOH:

When xapulling xaDRY xapipe:

Barrelsxa= xa Number xaof xastands xapulled xax xaAverage xalength xaper xastand xa(ft) xax xaPipe xadisplacement xadisplaced xa(bbl/ft)
HPxapsi xadecreasexa =

(Barrels xadisplaced xa) Casing x a capacity x a (bbl/ft)− x a (pipe x a displacement) x a bbl/ft x a x a

x x a 0.052 x a x x a mud x a weight x a (ppg)

When xapulling xaWET xapipe:

Barrelsxadisplaced xa = xa Number xaof xastandsxapulled xax xaAveragexalengthxaperxastand xa(ft) xax
(Pipexadisplacement xadisplaced xa(bbl/ft) xa+ xaPipexacap. xa(bbl/ft))

Step xa 2

HP xa(psi)xa =

(Barrels xadisplaced xa) Casing xacapacity xa(bbl/ft)− xa(Pipe xadisplaced xa(bbl/ft) xa+xaPipe xacap.,(bbl/ft))

x xa0.052 xax xaMud xaweight xa(ppg)

13. LossxaofxaOverbalancexaDuexatoxaFallingxaMudxaLevel:

Feet xaof xapipe xapulled xaDRY xato xalose xaoverbalance:

Overbalance xa(psi) xax xa(Casing xacap.− xaPipe xadisp.)
Feetxa =
Mud x a wt.,(ppg)x x a 0.052 x a x x a Pipe x a disp.(bbl/ft)

Feet xaof xapipe xapulled xaWET xato xalose xaoverbalance:

Overbalancexa(psi)xaxxa(Casingxacap.−xaPipexacap. x a −xaPipexadisp.)
Feet xa =
Mud xawt.,(ppg) xax xa0.052 xax
xa(

pipe xacap. xa

pipe xadisp.

14. Formation xaTemperature xa(FT):

FTxa (°F) xa = xa(Ambient xasurfacexatemperature, xa°F) xa+ xa(Temp. xaincrease xa°F xaper xaftxaof xadepthxax xaTVD xa(ft))

15. Hydraulic xaHorsepower xa(HHP):

P xax xaQ
HHP=
HHP xa = xaHydraulic xahorsepower
P xa = xaCirculating xapressure xa(psi)
Q xa = xaCirculating xarate xa(gpm)

Step xa(1):

Step xa(2):

Step xa(1):

2) BASICxaCALCULATIONS:

1. Volumes xaand xaStrokes:

Drill xastring xavolume xa(barrels):

Annular xavolume xa(barrels):

Barrelsxa=
Barrelsxa=
ID”^2 xa xxaPipexalength
xa1029.
Dh”^2 xa −xaDp”^2
xa 1029.

Strokes xato xadisplace: xadrill xastring, xaKellyxato xashale xashaker xaand xaStrokes xaannulus, xaand

xatotal xacirculation xafrom xaKelly xato xashale xashaker:

Drill xastring xavolume:

Strokesxa =
barrels
(POP) x a Pump x a output
4.2762 x a x x a 9400 x a ft
a) Drillxapipexavolumexa (bbl): Barrelsxa =
b) Drillxacollarxavolume xa (bbl): Barrelsxa =
3.02xaxxa 600 xaft

= x a 166. = xa5.

c) Totalxadrillxastringxavolume :xa Totalxadrillxastringxavol .xa(bbl) xa=xa 166.94xabblxa+xa5.24xabbl=xa172.18xabbl

Annular xavolume:

a) Drill xacollar xa/ xaopen xahole : xa(Barrels) xa=
12.25^2 − 82

x xa 600 xaft xa = xa0.0836 xax xa 600 xaft xa= xa50.

b) Drill xapipe xa/ xaopen xahole : xaBarrels xa=
c) Drill xapipe xa/ xacased xahole:xa Barrelsxa=
12.25^2 − 52
12.615^2 − 52

x xa 4900 xaft xa = xa595.

x xa 4500 xaft xa = xa586.

d) Totalxaannularxavolume:xaTotalxaannularxavol.xa =xa 50.16xa+xa595.3xa+xa586.38xa =xa 1231.84xabarrels

Strokes:

a) Surface xato xabit xastrokes: Strokesxa =

Drillxastringxavolumexa(bbl)
xaPump xaoutput xa(bbl/stk)
Annular xavolume xa(bbl)

b) Bit xato xasurface xa(or xabottoms-up xastrokes): Strokesxa =

Pump xaoutput xa(bbl/stk)

c) Total xastrokes xarequired xato xapump xafrom xathe xaKelly xato xathe xashale xashaker:

Drillxastringxavol.(bbl)xa+ xaAnnular xavol.(bbl)
Strokesxa =
Pump xaoutput xa(bbl/stk)

2. Slug xaCalculations:

Barrels xaof xaslug xarequired xafor xaa xadesired xalength xaof xadry xapipe:

Step xa(1): xaHydrostatic xapressure xarequired xato xagive xadesired xadrop xainside xadrill xapipe:

HP xa(psi) xa = xaMud xawt. xa(ppg) xa x xa0.052 xax xa(ft) xa of xadry xapipe

Step xa(2): xaDifference xain xapressure xagradient xabetween xaslug xaweight xaand xamud xaweight:

Psi/ft xa= xa{(slug xawt. xa(ppg) xa- xamud xawt. xa(ppg))} xax xa0.

Step xa(3): xaLength xaof xaslug xain xadrill

xapipe:
Slugxalength xa(ft) xa=
pressure xa(psi)
difference x a in x a pressure x a gradient x a (psi/ft)
V 2 xa =xa 3.33 xa the xanitrogen xahas xabeen xacompressed xafromxa 10 xagal xato xa3.33 xagal.
10.0 - xa3.33 xa= xa6.67 xagal xaof xahydraulic xafluid xaperxabottle.

Step xa(3): xaDetermine xausable xavolume xaper xabottle:

Useable xavol. xa/bottle xa= xa Total xahydraulic xafluid/bottle xaDead xahydraulic xafluid/bottle
xa Useable xavol. xa/bottle xa= xa6.67 xa- xa1.67 xa= xa 5 xa gallons

Subsea xaApplications:

In x a subsea x a applications x a the x a hydrostatic x a pressure x a exerted x a by x a the x a hydraulic x a fluid
x a must x a be x a compensated xafor xain xathe xacalculations:

Accumulator xaPre-chargexaPressure:

The x a following x a is x a a x a method x a of x a measuring x a the x a average x a accumulator x a pre-charge
x a pressure x a by xaoperating xathe xaunit xawith xathe xacharge xapumps xaswitched xaoff:
Vol. x a removed xa(bbl)

P xa(psi)xa = (Pf xax xaPs)

Total xaacc. x a vol. x a (bbl) xaxxa( x a

Ps−Pf x a

4. Bulk xaDensity xaof xaCuttings xa(Using xaMud xaBalance):

Procedure:

1. Cuttings xamust xabe xawashed xafree xaofxamud. xaIn xaan xaoil xamud, xadiesel xaoil xacan xabe xaused xainstead xaof xawater.
2. Set xamud xabalance xaat xa 8.33 xa ppg.
3. Fillxathe xamud xabalance xawith xacuttings xauntil xaa xabalance xais xaobtained xawith xathe xalid xain xaplace.
4. Remove xalid, xafill xacup xawith xawaterxa(cuttingsxaincluded), xareplace xalid, xaand xadryxaoutside xaof xamud xabalance.
5. Move xacounterweightxatoxaobtainxanewxabalance.
Thexaspecificxagravityxaof xathexacuttingsxaisxacalculatedxaasxafollows:

SGxa =

2 xa(0.l2 xax xaRw)

5. Drill xaString xaDesign xa(Limitations):

Thexafollowing xawill xabexadetermined:
Length xaof xabottom xahole xaassembly xa(BHA) xanecessary xafor xaa xadesired xaweight xaon xabit xa( WOB ).
xaFeet xaof xadrill xapipe xathat xacan xabe xaused xawith xaa xaspecific xabottom xahole xaassembly xa( BHA ).

1. Length xaof xabottom xahole xaassembly xanecessary xafor xaa xadesired xaweight xaon xabit:

WOB xa= xa Desired xaweight xato xabe xaused xawhile xadrilling.

Length xa(ft) xa=

𝖶OB x a x x a f
𝖶dc xax x aB𝐅
f xa= xa Safety xafactor xato xaplace xaneutral xapoint xain xadrill
xacollars. xaWdc xa= xa Drill xacollar xaweight xa(lb/ft).
BF xa= xa Buoyancy xafactor

2. Feet xaof xadrill xapipe xathat xacan xabe xaused xawith xaa xaspecific xaBHA:

NOTE : xaObtain xatensile xastrength xafor xanew xapipe xafrom xacementing xahandbook xaor xaother xasource.
65.5 x a − x a mud x a weight x a (ppg)

a) Determine xabuoyancyxafactor: BF xa=

b) Determine xamaximum xalength xaof xadrill xapipe xathat xacan xabe xarun xainto xathe xahole xawith xaa xaspecific xaBHA:
T xa = xaTensile xastrength xa(lb) xafor xanew xapipe

Length (max)

[(T xax xaf)−MOP−𝖶bha] xax xaB𝐅
𝖶dp
f xa = xaSafety xafactor xato xacorrect xanew xapipe xato xano. xa 2 xapipe
xa MOP xa = xaMargin xaof xaoverpull
Wbha xa = xaBHA xaweight xain xaair xa(lb/ft)
Wdp xa = xaDrill xapipe xaweight xain xaair xa(lb/ft.) xaincluding xatool xajoint
xa BF xa = xaBuoyancy xafactor
P xa = xaaveragexapre-charge xapressure xa(psi)
xa Pf xa = xafinal xaaccumulator xapressure xa(psi)
Ps xa = xastarting xaaccumulator xapressure xa(psi)
SG xa = xaspecific xagravity xaof xacuttings xabulk xadensity
Rw xa = xaresulting xaweight xawith xacuttings xaplus xawater xa(ppg)

𝖶p xax xaD xax xa(Lcs xa+ xaD) xa+ xaD xax xa𝖶b xax

xa0.

Tc xa=

5280 xaxxa 2000

E. Ton-miles xawhile xamaking xashort xatrip:

Tc xa = xaton-miles xasetting xacasing.
Wp xa = xabuoyed xaweight xaof xacasing xa(lb/ft)
Lcs xa = xalength xaof xaone xajoint xaof xacasing xa(ft)
Wb xa = xaweight xaof xatravelling xablock xaassembly xa(lb)
The xaton-miles xaof xawork xaperformed xain xashort xatrip xaoperations, xaas xafor xadrilling xaand xacoring xaoperations,
x a are xaalso xaexpressed xain xaterms xaof xaround xatrips. xaAnalysis xashows xathat xathe xaton-miles xaof xawork xadone xain
xamaking x a a x a short x a trip x a is x a equal x a to x a the x a difference x a in x a round x a trip x a ton-miles x a for x a the
x a two x a depths x a in
question.

Tst xa= xaT 6 xa- xaT 5

Tst xa = xaton-miles xafor xashort xatrip
T 6 xa = x a ton-miles x a for x a one x a round x a trip x a at x a the x a deeper
x a depth, x a the xadepth xaof xathe xabit xabefore xastarting xathe xashort xatrip.
T 5 xa = xaton-miles xafor xaone xaround xatrip xaat xathe xashallower xadepth, xathe
xadepth xathat xathe xabit xais xapulled xaup xato.

7. CementingxaCalculations:

Cement xaadditive xacalculations:

Weight xa (lb) xa= xapercent xaof xaadditive xax xa 94 xalb/sk
Waterxa (gal/sk) xa= xaCement xawater xarequirement xa(gal/sk) xa+ xaAdditive xawater xarequirement xa(gal/sk)
Vol.xa (gal/sk) xa=

94 xalb

SG xaof xacement xax xa8.33 xa(lb/gal) 𝖶eight xaof xaadditive xa(lb) SG xaof xaadditive xax xa8. xa(lb/gal)

+ xa Water xavolume xa(gal)
Yield xa (ft^3 /sk) xa= x a

Vol. x a of xaslurry xa(gal/sk) 7.48 xagal/ft^3

Densityxa (lb/gal) xa=

94 xa+xa𝖶t xaofxaadditive xa+xa(8.33xaxxaVol. x a of xawater/sk) Vol. x a of xaslurry xa(gal/sk)

Water xarequirements:

Weightxa (lb/sk) xa= xa 94 xa + xa (8.33 xax xaVol. xaof xawater xa(gal)) xa + xa (% xaof xaadditive xax xa94)

Volume xa (gal/sk)

x a =
94 x a (lb/sk) x a + x a 𝖶t.of x a additive x a (lb/sk) x a + x a water x a Vol.(gal)
SG xax xa8.33 xaSG xax xa8.

D 1 xaV 1 xa= xaD 2 xaV 2

Field xacement xaadditive xacalculations:

When x a bentonite x a is x a to x a be x a pre-hydrated, x a the x a amount x a of x a bentonite x a added x a is x a calculated
x a based x a on x a the xatotal xaamount xaof xamixing xawater xaused.
Cementxaprogram:xa 240 xa (sk)xacement;
xaSlurry xadensity xa= xa 13.8 xa (ppg);
8.6 xa (gal/sk) xamixing xawater;
1.5% xa bentonite xato xabe xapre-hydrated: