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Fragmentation - Computer Networks - Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Networks

Jaypee University of Engineering & TechnologyComputer Networks

Some concept of Computer Networks are Aloha Ethernet, Application Layer Protocols, Basic Building Blocks, Computer Networking, Content Free Protocols, Medium Access Sub Layer, Packetised Filetransmission. Main points of this lecture are: Fragmentation, Broadcast, Incoming Packet, Address Format, Network Information Centre, Reserved, Packet Format, Same Network Number, Destination Address, Source Address

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 04/27/2013

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bg1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Network 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Anything127 Incoming packet
testing!
Lowest IP: 0.0.0.0 used by m/c while booting up
Highest IP address: 255.255.255.255
0 & -1 special meaning
0 Host A host in this
network
Broadcast on
local LAN
0this host
IP Packet Format
Broadcast on
distant LAN
Docsity.com
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13

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Download Fragmentation - Computer Networks - Lecture Slides and more Slides Computer Networks in PDF only on Docsity!

Network

Anything

Incoming packettesting!

Lowest IP: 0.0.0.0 used by m/c while booting upHighest IP address: 255.255.255.2550 & -1 special meaning

Host

A host in thisnetworkBroadcast onlocal LAN

this host

IP Packet Format

Broadcast ondistant LAN

IP Address Format

-^

IP address assignment:

-^

Network Information Centre

-^

A, B, C, D together allows:

-^

A โ€“ 126 network with 16 million hosts

-^

B โ€“ 16382 networks upto 64 K hosts

-^

C โ€“ 2 million networks upto 254 hosts each

-^

D โ€“ Multicast

-^

E โ€“ 11110 โ€“ Reserved for the future

IP Packet Format

โ€ข^

Version: Version of protocol the DG belongs to (IPV 4,IPV6)

-^

IHL โ€“ Header length in 32 bit words^ โ€“

minimum - 5, โ€“ maximum โ€“ 60

-^

TOS โ€“ 3 bit precedence, three flag D, T,R, unused bits(Delay, Thruput, reliability)

-^

Total length โ€“ Header + data^ โ€“

Maximum 64 K bytes

-^

ID โ€“ If Network Layer fragments DG, fragment ID

-^

DF - 1 โ€“ donโ€™t fragment

-^

MF โ€“ 1 โ€“ more fragment, 0 on last fragment

IP Packet Format

โ€ข IP โ€“ Another big advantage

  • Hierarchical addresses โ€“ Bridges โ€“ addresses flat โ€“ Some hierarchy in the Internetwork

โ€ข Network part

  • Identifies the Network to which the host is

attached

IP Packet Format

โ€ข All hosts and routers that connect to the

same Network have the same Network part

โ€ข^

- Every Physical Network has atleast one

Router, that is by definition connected toone other Physical Network

Network Wide Addresses 0

Net

Host

Net 0

Host

Host

Net^0 1 1 1 1

Multicast address

(^28) Future Use

A B C D E

Network Wide Addresses

-^

Length^ โ€“

Length DG โ€“ includes header โ€“ in bytes

-^

Maximum size^ โ€“

64 K โ€“ However physical network may not support โ€“ IP must support fragmentation and reassembly

-^

TTL^ โ€“

Time to live field โ€“ Catch/ quench packets that have been going around forlong

Network Wide Addresses

  • TTL
    • Originally seconds โ€“ Too long โ€“ Hop count! โ€“ Default 64

Network Wide Addresses

  • Checksum: Internet Checksum
    • Entire IP header (16 bit words address using

ones complement and taking ones complementof result)

  • Not as robust as CRC

Fragmentation and Reassembly

-^

Ethernet โ€“ Maximum transmission unit: 1500bytes

-^

FDDI โ€“ Maximum transmission unit: 4500 bytes

-^

IP^ โ€“

Enables fragmentation and reassembly โ€“ Every Network has MTU

  • Maximum transmission unit -^

Target IP datagram that it can carry

-^

Smaller than frame size since IP packets is payload

IP Format support for Fragmentation

and Reassembly

โ€ข^

Receiving host:

-^

  • Reassembles packets with same flag ID -^

If h1 โ€“ h8 โ€“ 1420 byte DG

-^

Ethernet

1500 bytes

โ€ข^

FDDI

4500 bytes

โ€ข^

Point โ€“ Point

532 bytes

โ€ข^

Ethernet and FDDI - no flag from R2 โ€“ R

โ€ข^

Fragmentation into 3 parts

โ€ข^

R3 โ€“ H8 โ€“ 3 parts

โ€ข^

Host reassembles packets

PPP

IP

512

PPP

IP

512

PPP

IP

376

ETH

IP

512

ETH

IP

512

ETH

IP

376

R

R

H

Fragmentation and Reassembly โ€“ A Example

Start of header

Ident = x

Rest

512 bytes

1

Offset = 0 More fragmentation donot fragment

Start of header

Ident = x

Rest376 bytes

0

Offset =

Fragmented

Fragmentation and Reassembly โ€“ A Example