Framework – is the basic structure of something., Slides of Philosophy

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How do we

characterize the

study of

philosophy?

LEARNING

OBJECTIVES:1. Understand and identify the different

branches of Philosophy

2. Appreciate the significance of the

characteristics of philosophy.

Philosoph y as an analysis of framewo as an examinatio n of knowledge as a disciplin e

How do we characterize

the study of

philosophy?

Analysis of

Framework•^ Framework^ –^ is^ the^ basic^ structure^ of

something. It’s a set of ideas and

facts that provide support for

something.

• (^) A framework is defined as a way of thinking about the world and is composed of the views and beliefs of a person.
• (^) Whenever a person encounters a problem or questions in life, he or she goes back to his/her own framework to

Examination of

Knowledge

• The central principleof philosophy isexaminationand questioning,often^ applied in the analysis the other area s this is of the or frameworks of sciences.

• (^) Philosophy goes hand in hand with other disciplines in examining their fundamental purposes and evaluating the changes they experience.
• (^) There is a philosophy of science, which seeks to understand the fundamental principles that guide scientific thought.
• (^) There is also a philosophy of religion, which examines the basic tenets of any faith.
• (^) There is philosophy of education, political

Examination of

Knowledge

METAPHYSICS

Topic of Philosophical Investigation Some Main Concerns Questions

Reality,

existence

• Came from the Greek words

meta and physika, where meta

is beyond off after and physika

means physical and nature.

• it is branch of philosophy

which is concerned with the

nature of ultimate reality.

• Does God exist?
• What is an object/
• What is cause?
• What is time?
• What is space?
• What is reality?
• What is the nature of the universe?
• Who am I? Am I free

LOGIC

Topic of Philosophical Investigation Some Main Concerns Questions Reasoning (^) • comes from the Greek word “ logike” – means a treatise on matters pertaining to human thought.

• branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of thinking and reasoning using empirical support and information which are reliable, valid and objective.
• it is the science of correct thinking.
  • What is a valid argument?
  • How can we evaluate the truthfulness of a proposition?
  • How can we assess the soundness of an argument?
  • What are logical fallacies?

EPISTEMOLOGY

Topic of Philosophical Investigation Some Main Concerns Questions

Knowledge • Came from the Greek word

“Episteme” and “Logos”

meaning knowledge and

study.

• a branch of Philosophy that

concerns with the definition of

knowledge and related

concepts such as the sources

and criteria of knowledge.

• How we know what we
• claim to know?
• How can we find out

what we wish to know?

• How can we differentiate

truth from falsehood?

TWO CONTENDING SCHOOL

OF THOUGHT: a. Rational school – the main

source of knowledge is deductive reasoning based on self-evident principles or actions. b. Empirical school – the source of knowledge is sense-perception.

ETHICS

Topic of Philosophical Investigation Some Main Concerns Questions Morality (^) • Came from the Greek Ethos means custom/habit or character.

• it is the science of correct doing.
• it is the study of what is right and what is wrong in human behavior in the pursuit of beauty and goodness of life. - What is freedom? - Do we have free will? - What is human act? - Are our actions already determined? - What ought I do? - Is it right to sacrifice for the many? - What is right and wrong? - What is our duty to our family, society, and to ourselves?

AESTHETICS

Topic of Philosophical Investigation Some Main Concerns Questions Beauty (^) • Criteria for judgements about beauty

• It vitalizes knowledge makes our knowledge of the world alive and useful.
• It helps us to live more^ deeply and richly
• It brings us in touch with^ our culture - What is beauty? - What does it mean to be beautiful? - What is art? - Who can only assess the beauty of an art? - How can we appreciate beauty? - What are the criteria of beauty? - What makes aesthetics object valuable or beautiful? - Who determines the meaning of an artwork, the artist or the audience?

ACTIVITY.

MATCH ME

Directions: Match a philosophical question in Column A that

belongs to a Branch of Philosophy in Column B. Write the letter

of your answer before the number.

QUESTION:

Based on the characteristics of Philosophy, would

it be possible for any person to engage in

philosophical discussion? Why or why not?