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FRESENIUS EXAM SCRIPT 2026 FULL
EVALUATION VERIFIED A+
โ urea kinetic modeling (UKM). Answer: What is adequacy measured in? โ glomelular filtration rate (GFR). Answer: What is used for measuring the level of kidney function in CRF patients? โ 1.4. Answer: What is Fresenius's goal for spktd/v? โ blood and dialysate. Answer: What are the two types of alarms on the dialysis machine? โ Fibers inside the dialyzer are broken causing blood and dialysate to mix together.. Answer: What does the blood leak alarm indicate? โ That air is detected in the machine which causes the clamp to secure completely below venous chamber.. Answer: What does an air detector alarm indicate? โ Venous pressure too high. Caused by kinks in lines, infiltration, clots, etc.. Answer: What does the VP alarm indicate?
โ Arterial pressure is too high. Caused by blockage, clots, etc. Answer: What does the AP alarm indicate? โ There is a pressure difference across the membrane fibers inside the dialyzer. Answer: What does the TMP pressure alarm indicate? โ Means it is a hypotonic solution and can cause hemolysis. Answer: What occurs if conductivity is too low? โ Means it is a hypertonic solution which causes crenation. Answer: What occurs if conductivity is too high? โ 1. Turn UF and DFR off. 2. Decrease BFR to 100 for 15 seconds then stop pump. 3. Clamp line. 4. Collect sample from arterial port. Answer: How do you draw post BUN labs? โ 4 - 6 weeks. Answer: How long does it take a fistula to mature? โ 1 - 2 weeks after placement. Answer: How long after can you cannulate a graft? โ It is when blood escapes from the blood vessels into tissue.. Answer: What is an infiltration?
โ Experiencing yawning, dizziness, lightheadedness, n/v, and blurred vision.. Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of hypotension? โ 30 - 45 minutes prior to. Answer: When using the sodium variation system (SVS), when must it be stopped prior to the end of treatment? โ Infection, contaminate dialyzer or lines, or too cold dialysate.. Answer: What is fever and chills potentially caused by? โ nausea, vomiting, headache, hypertension, confusion, and restlessness.. Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of disequilibrium syndrome? โ SOB, CP, burning at venous needle, and bright red translucent blood in chamber.. Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of hemolysis? โ Hypotonic dialysate, dialysate temp greater than 105 F, kinks in blood line, bleach, chlorine and chloramines, or arterial pressure greater than 250.. Answer: What causes hemoylsis? โ SOB, coughing, chest pain.. Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of air embolism?
โ If BFR is too slow, blood pump stops, or air in the system.. Answer: What causes clotting in the ECC? โ 20% decrease in KECN numbers, darkening of blood in the lines/chambers, increased VP. Answer: What are the indications of clotting? โ run pump at BFR ordered, attend and correct machine alarms ASAP, prime lines correctly at 150 cc/min and ensure all air is removed prior to hooking up patient, and keep chambers 3/4 full.. Answer: What are clotting preventions? โ bleeding out. Answer: What does exsanguination mean? โ Correct taping technique, DO NOT flip needles, rotate needle site for cannulation, and do no cannulate aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms.. Answer: What are blood loss preventions? โ Inadequate BFR and DFR, shortened treatment time, or using a smaller dialyzer than what was ordered.. Answer: What leads to inadequate treatment? โ BUN. Answer: What is drawn monthly to determine adequacy?
โ backflow preventors. Answer: What does the water flow through to prevent the water from flowing back to the city? โ 77 degrees F. Answer: What is the ideal water temperature for the reverse osmosis (RO) filtering system? โ It is used to mix hot and cold water to an acceptable temperature. Answer: What is the water treatment blending valve used for? โ Chlorine and chloramine. If not removed it will cause hemolysis. Answer: What is added to the city water to kill bacteria? โ carbon tanks. Answer: What removes chlorine and chloramine from the water? โ Before the 1st treatment of the day and every 4 hours afterwards.. Answer: When should total chlorine be checked? โ Clearance effective by conductivity. Answer: What does KECN stand for?
โ Active Vitamin D (calcitrol) and erythropoietin. Answer: Because we cannot replace endocrine function, what do we administer to the pt's? โ Total chlorine, bacteria, endotoxins, conductivity, and pH.. Answer: What is the dialysate tested for prior to each treatment? โ Kink in lines, infiltration, clotted access, and clotting in chamber. Answer: What causes a high venous pressure? โ < 0.1 ppm. Answer: What must the level of total chlorine be for the treatment to begin? โ water softeners. Answer: What is used to exchange calcium and magnesium for sodium? โ 80/90%. Answer: What is the percent rejection the RO must have to be safe? โ 15 minutes. Answer: How long must the RO be running before testing? โ Acid-Base balance. Answer: What function of the kidney corrects acidosis?
โ It is an internal system to provide identification, communication, documentation, reporting, and evaluation of clinical variances an medical device related events.. Answer: What is an adverse event? โ prevention, early detection, and timely referrals. Answer: What must foot checks include? โ 2 years. Answer: What is the average life of a transplanted kidney? โ 13.5-14.5. Answer: What is the normal conductivity range? โ 6.8-7.4. Answer: What is the normal range of pH? โ range- 35 - 39. Answer: What is the normal range of temperature, as well as ideal? โ Pressure holding test (PHT) and alarm testing. Answer: What must be performed before each patient treatment? โ short acting. Answer: Is Heparin short or long acting?
โ twice daily (once in am and in pm). Answer: How many times a day is total hardness tested? โ It is used to regenerate the water softeners. Answer: What is a brine tank used for? โ prolonged bleeding after treatment, nosebleeds, heavy menstrual flow, surgery, or dental work.. Answer: Heparin doses need to be lower if what occurs? โ protamine sulfate. Answer: What may be administered for uncontrolled bleeding from administration from heparin? โ 80%. Answer: What is the minimum allowed rejection rate? โ used to mix bicarb and RO water. It sends bicarb and acid from header tanks via gravity to the wall boxes on the treatment floor. Answer: What is the solution delivery system used for? โ itching, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and bone disease. Answer: What can elevated phosphorus levels in the blood cause? โ NO. It is a large molecule. Answer: Does heparin pass through semi permeable membrane?
โ SOB, jugular vein distention, edema, and elevated BP. Answer: What are signs of fluid overload? โ urea reduction ratio. Answer: What does URR stand for? โ 11 - 12. Answer: What is the target goal for hemoglobin? โ 10 minutes. Answer: How long should you mix bicarbonate for? โ It is a method of constant site cannulation sometimes used by patients who have a fistula (sharp needle over 6-8 treatments). Answer: What is the buttonhole technique? โ fistula - 20 - 30 degrees. graft - 45 degrees. Answer: At what degrees angle should a fistula and graft be cannulated? โ To help identify the presence of stenosis/recirculation within an access. Answer: What does access flow testing used for? โ stenosis, placing fistula needles to close together, or connecting the blood lines backwards.. Answer: What are the cause of recirculation?
โ undetected blood loss and air embolism. Answer: What are the two most life threatening complications during HD? โ needle dislodgement, blood line separation, dialyzer rupture, defective blood lines.. Answer: What are the causes of blood loss? โ air in system, not enough saline to safely rinse back pt, not securing caps or clamps.. Answer: What are causes of an air embolism? โ pulling too much fluid large fluid gains, medications, incorrect UF goal,. Answer: What are the causes of hypotension? โ C- clamp lines O - Turn off pump L - Left side T - Tredelenburg position. Answer: Perform COLT for air embolism. What does this mean? โ fever, chills, HA, hypotension. Answer: What are the sxs of pyrogen reaction? โ bacteria in water or dialysate. Answer: What are the causes of pyrogen reaction?
