Download Fresenius PCT Exam 2025: Questions and Answers on Kidney Function and Dialysis and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity!
Fresenius PCT Exam 2025 LATEST QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% ACCURACY
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? remove waste products, fluid balance/electrolytes/acid=base, secrete erythropoietin, and release renin Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? removal of waste products and regulation of fluid balance What is the nephron? functional unit of the kidney that forms urine What is a nephron composed of? glomerulus and renal tubule Define uremia build up of harmful waste products in the blood stream Classic signs/symptoms of renal failure or uremia? fluid overload, sob, hypertension, anemia, fatigue, weakness What is the glomerular filtration rate?
the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney What do some patients encounter while transitioning into dialysis? loss of control, sexual dysfunction, depression, financial concerns, altered body image concerns What can cause bone disease in kidney patients? kidneys no longer are producing calcitriol Define Hemodialysis done in the outpatient setting, requires access to the patients' blood stream, usually lasts 3- 4 hours Define Peritoneal Dialysis done in the patient's home, performed daily, requires access to the patient's peritoneal space (stomach lining) What are the body fluid compartments? intracellular, extracellular, intravascular, and interstitial Define intracellular inside the cell
What is the order in which urine is created/secreted? kidneys, uterers, bladder, then urethra Where is urine created? the kidneys What does urine pass through? the uterers Where is urine stored? the bladder What gets rid of the urine? the urethera What can cause a clotted dialyzer? incorrect amounts of heparin, the lines being primed at an incorrect speed What is the glomerular filtration rate? volume at which the kidneys filtrate
What percentage of filtrate happens in stage 1 of kidney loss? 90+ What percentage of filtrate happens in stage 2 of kidneys loss? 60 - 89 What percentage of filtrate happens in stage 3 of kidney loss? 30 - 59 What percentage of filtrate happens in stage 4 of kidney loss? 15 - 29 What percentage of filtrate happens in stage 5 of kidney loss? less than 15 What are some signs and symptoms of uremia? yellow/gray skin, anemia, edema, fluid retention, nerve damage, itching, weakness, fatigue, hypertension What functions of the kidney are replaced with dialysis? removal of waste products and regulation of electrolytes
What is acute kidney failure? sudden onset of kidney loss, usually caused by trauma and can be reversible What is chronic kidney failure? slow onset of kidney loss, usually caused by other diseases, and is permanent What are dialysate baths made up of? magnesium, calcium, and potassium What can be caused by high machine temperature? hemolysis What can be caused by low machine temperature? crenation Hemolysis the rupture of red blood cells, cherry red colored blood Crenation the shrinking of red blood cells, dark red colored blood
After the first half hour of treatment a patient develops a rash, sneezing, itching, chest pain, a fever, and an itchy access. What is it? dialyzer sensitivtiy What is anemia? a lack of RBC caused by slow erythropoietin production What is adequacy? how well the treatment is cleaning the patients (AFTER) What is clearance? how well waste is being cleared while in treatment (DURING) What kind of solution doesn't have much of an effect on RBC? isotonic What solution will expand RBC, causing hemolysis? hypotonic What solution will shrink RBC, causing crenation? hypertonic
What does the primary carbon tank do? remove chlorine and chloramine to protect RO and make safe water for dialysis What does the secondary carbon tank do? the back up cleaner to the primary carbon tank, removes any left over chlorine/chloramine What does the RO do? rejects any inorganic solutes How long must the RO run before starting machine set up/tx? 15 minutes What can cause air to enter the blood lines and dialyzer? low arterial chamber When taking a post BUN, what actions must take place? treatment time stopped, UF off, dialysate flow off, and blood pump lowered to 100 Where can you dialyze a positive Hep B patient? in an isolation room
Where in the clinic can you put a Hep B susceptible patient during tx? OUTSIDE of the buffer zone, away from the isolation room What is the term used for pre treatment weight minus the estimated dry weight? available weight What alarm does not stop the blood pump? conductivity alarm What is the number one cause of loss in kidney function in the US? diabetes What is the normal KECN range we shoot for? 200 - 300 What is an access flow test performed for? to evaluate blood flow through a fistula/graft that can help identify any dysfunction When should an access flow test not be performed? on any catheters, and on pre/post BUN days
What is an anastamosis? where the artery and veins are connected to form an access What is stenosis? narrowing of the veins, can be heard as a whistling sound How should transducers be kept during treatment? dry and unclamped How long should you wash your hands with soap and water? 40 - 60 seconds How long should you sanitize your hands for? 20 - 30 seconds What are the 2 main ways Hep B is contracted in a clinic setting? bodily fluids and contaminated blood How often is a machine going through acid clean? daily
What is removed by normal saline during the priming process? air in the dialyzer What is the first thing to do when an infiltration occurs? clamp the blood lines and stop the blood pump
