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Frog
External
Anatomy
Observe
the doral
and ventral
sides of
the
frog.
Dorsal
side color
Ventral
side color
Examine
the hind legs. How many
toes are present
on each
Arefoot? the toes webbed?
Examine
(^) the forelegs.
How many
toes are present?
the toes
- webbed? Use a ruler to measure
your frog, measure
from the tip of
the head to the (^) end of the frog’s
backbone
(do (^) not include
the
legs in your measurement).
(^) Compare the
length
of your frog to
other (^) frogs
Avera
e
Your
Frog
(cm)^
Frog
Frog
Frog
Frog
Length
Locate
(^) the frog’s
eyes, the
nictitating
membrane
is aclear
(^) membrane
(^) that attached
to the bottom
of the
eye.
Use tweezers
to carefully
remove
(^) the nictitating
membrane.
You may (^) also (^) remove
the eyeball.
What
color^ is the nictitating
membrane?
_
What
color is the eyeball?
Just behind
(^) the eyes on the frog’s
head is a circular
structure
(^) called
(^) the (^) tympanic
(^) membrane.
The (^) tympanic
membrane
is used for hearing.
Measure^
(^) the diameter
(^) (distance
across
the circle)
of the (^) tympanic
membrane.
Diameter
of tympanic
membrane
cm
Feel (^) the frog’s skin.
Is it scaley
or is it slimey?
Anatomy
of the Frog’s Mouth
Procedure:
Pry the frog’s
mouth
(^) open and
(^) use (^) scissors
to cut the (^) angles
of the frog’s
jaws open.^
Cut deeply
enough
(^) so (^) that the^ frog’s
mouth
opens
wide enough
to view the (^) structures
inside.
Locate
(^) the (^) tongue.
(^) Play
with the (^) tongue. Does
it attach
to the (^) front or
the (^) back
of the (^) mouth?
(You may (^) remove the
(^) tongue)
In the (^) center
of the (^) mouth,
(^) toward
(^) the (^) back
is a single (^) round
opening.^
This^ (^) is the (^) esophagus.
This tube leads
to the (^) stomach.
Use^ (^) a probe^
to poke (^) into the (^) esophagus.
Close (^) to the angles
of the (^) jaw (^) are two openings, one
on^ each (^) side. (^) These
(^) are (^) the (^) Eustachian
(^) tubes.
(^) They (^) are
used to equalize
(^) pressure
in the (^) inner (^) ear while (^) the (^) frog (^) is swimming.
Insert (^) a (^) probe
(^) into (^) the (^) Eustachian
(^) tube, (^) To (^) what (^) structure
does^ (^) the (^) Eustachian
(^) tube
(^) attach?
Just (^) behind
the (^) tongue, and
(^) before
(^) you reach (^) the esoplagus
(^) is
a
slit
(^) like (^) opening.
(^) (You
may need (^) to use
your (^) probe
(^) to (^) get (^) it to open (^) up). (^) This (^) slit (^) is (^) the (^) glottis,
(^) and (^) it (^) is (^) the (^) opening
(^) to (^) the (^) lungs.
(^) The (^) frog breathes
(^) and
vocalizes
(^) with the (^) glottis.
The (^) frog has (^) two sets (^) of teeth. (^) The (^) vomarmne
teeth (^) are (^) found
(^) on the (^) root (^) of (^) the (^) mouth.
(^) The (^) maxillary
teeth
are (^) found
(^) around
the edge
(^) of the (^) mouth.
(^) Both
are (^) used (^) for (^) holding
(^) prey, (^) frogs swallow
(^) their meals
(^) whole and
do (^) NOT (^) chew.
On (^) the (^) roof (^) of the (^) mouth,
(^) you (^) will (^) find (^) two tiny^ (^) openings,
(^) if (^) you (^) put (^) your (^) probe
(^) into those (^) openings,
(^) you (^) will
find (^) they (^) exit (^) on (^) the outside
(^) of the (^) frog.
These
(^) are the
(^) riostills.
Draw (^) the (^) frogs mouth.
(^) Label
each (^) of the (^) structures
(^) underlined
(^) above.
Complete
(^) the (^) chart (^) below
C
Structure
Vomanne
(^) teeth
Eustachian
(^) tubes
Function
Location
Nictitatirig
(^) Membrane
Tympanic
(^) Membrane
TongueGlottisEsophagus
Small
(^) Intestine—Leading
(^) from
the^ (^) stomach.
The (^) first (^) straight
(^) portion
(^) of (^) the (^) small
(^) intestine
(^) is (^) called
the (^) duodenum,
(^) the (^) curled
(^) portion
(^) is (^) the ileum.
The (^) ileum
is^ (^) held
(^) together
(^) by (^) a (^) membrane
(^) called
(^) the
mesentery.
Note (^) the (^) blood
(^) vessels
(^) running
(^) through
the^ (^) mesentery,
(^) they
(^) will (^) carry
(^) absorbed
(^) nutrients
L_i
away
from^ (^) the (^) intestine.
Absorption
(^) of (^) digested
(^) nutrients
(^) occurs
in^ (^) the (^) small
(^) intestine.
Large
Intestine—As^
(^) you (^) follow
(^) the (^) small
(^) intestine
down,^
(^) it (^) will (^) widen
into^ (^) the (^) large
(^) intestine.
The
large
(^) intestine
is^ (^) also
(^) known
(^) as (^) the (^) cloaca
(^) in (^) the (^) frog.
The (^) cloaca
(^) is (^) the (^) last
stop before^
wastes,^
sperm,
(^) or (^) urine
(^) exit
the^ (^) frog’s
body.^
(The (^) word
(^) “cloaca”
(^) means
(^) sewer)
Spleen—Return
(^) to (^) the (^) folds
(^) of (^) the (^) mesentery,
(^) this
dark^ (^) red
spherical^
(^) object
(^) serves
(^) as (^) a (^) holding
(^) area
for blood.^
Esophagus--Return
to^ (^) the (^) stomach
(^) and (^) follow
(^) it (^) upward,
(^) where
(^) it (^) gets
(^) smaller
(^) is (^) the (^) beginning
of^ (^) the
esophagus.
The (^) esophagus
(^) is the^ (^) tube that leads
(^) from
(^) the (^) frogs mouth
(^) to (^) the (^) stomach.
Open
the^
frogs
mouth^
(^) and (^) find (^) the (^) esophagus,
(^) poke
(^) your
(^) probe
into^ (^) it (^) and (^) see (^) where
(^) it (^) leads.
STOP!
If you (^) have
(^) not
located^
(^) each
(^) of (^) the (^) organs
(^) above,
(^) do (^) not (^) continue
on^ (^) to (^) the (^) next
(^) sections!
Removal
(^) of (^) the Stomach:^
Cut (^) the (^) stomach
(^) out (^) of (^) the (^) frog (^) and open
it^ (^) up.
You (^) may
(^) find (^) what
(^) remains
(^) of
the (^) frog’s
(^) last (^) meal
(^) in (^) there.
Look
(^) at (^) the (^) texture
(^) of (^) the stomach
(^) on (^) the (^) inside.
What
did^ (^) you (^) find (^) in (^) the (^) stomach?
Measuring
(^) the (^) Small
(^) intestine:
Remove
(^) the (^) small
(^) intestine
(^) from
the^ (^) body
(^) cavity
(^) and (^) carefully
(^) separate
th
mesentery
(^) from
(^) it. Stretch
(^) the (^) small
intestine^
(^) out (^) and (^) measure
(^) it. Now (^) measure
your^ (^) frog.
Record
(^) the
measurements
below^
(^) in (^) centimeters.
Frog (^) length:
cm
Intestine
(^) length
cm
Urogenital
(^) System
(^) -
The
frog’s
reproductive
and^
excretory
system
is
combined
into^
one
system called
the
urogenital
system.
You
will
need
to
know^
the
structures
for
both
the
male and female
frog,
Kidneys
(^) -
flattened
bean shaped
organs located
at^
the
lower
back
of
the
frog,
near
the spine.
They
are
often
a
dark
color.
The
kidneys
filter wastes^
from the^
blood.
Testes
(^) -
in
male
frogs,
these
organs
are^
located
at
the
top
of
the
kidneys,
they^
are
pale
colored
and
roundish.
Oviducts
(^) -
females
do
not
have
testes,
though^
you
may
see
a
curly-q
type
structure
around^
the
outside
of
the
kidney.
these
are
the
oviducts.
Oviducts
are
where
eggs
are^
produced.
Males
can
have
structures
that^
look
similar,
but
serve
no
actual purpose.
In^
males,
they
are
called
vestigial
oviducts.
Bladder
(^) -
An
empty
sac^
located
at
the
lowest part
of^
the body cavity.
The
bladder
stores^
urine.
Cloaca
mentioned
again^
as
part
of
the
urogenital
system
urine, sperm
and
eggs^
exit
here.
Label
the parts
of the (^) urogenital
system
below.
qO
IIOOAC
Post
Lab
Questions
The membrane
holds
the coils
of the small
intestine together:
—
This
organ
is found
under the
liver,
it stores
bile:
Name
(^) the
3 lobes
of the liver:
The organ
(^) that
is the first major site
of chemical
(^) digestion:
Eggs,
(^) sperm,
urine
(^) and
wastes
all empty
into this structure:
The small
(^) intestine
(^) leads
to (^) the:
The esophagus
leads
to the:
Yellowish
structures
(^) that (^) serve
(^) as an (^) energy
(^) reserve:
The (^) first
part of the small
intestine(straight
part):
After
(^) food
passes
through
(^) the (^) stomach
it enters
the:
A spiderweb
like membrane
(^) that covers
(^) the (^) organs:
Regulates
(^) the (^) exit (^) of (^) partially
digested
food (^) from
(^) the (^) stomach:
The (^) large
(^) intestine
(^) leads
to the
Organ
(^) found
(^) within
(^) the (^) mesentery
that^ (^) stores
blood:
The (^) largest
(^) organ
in
the (^) body
(^) cavity:
LOOmAC
Ic,14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9, 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3.
