Download Fruits and Nuts: Their Origin, Characteristics, and Health Benefits - Prof. Rani Vajravelu and more Study notes Botany and Agronomy in PDF only on Docsity!
Family From Fruit Type Edible/ Useful Used as.. Any other info. apple Central Asia pear Asia pome Eurasia pome plums Asia drupe all but the pit laxative prune, pluot cherries drupe all but the pit fruit, jam, pie peaches W. China drupe all but the pit fruit nectarines Drupe all but the pit fruit almonds Central Asia drupe Common name, other Nickname Roseaceae- Malodieae pome accessory fruit mostly mesocarp fruit, jam, jelly, juice quercetin, pectin, tannin-important in US Roseaceae- Malodieae mostly mesocarp Quinces are look-alike, grafting, popular fiber in Europe Roseaceae- Malodieae quinces look- alike Roseaceae- Amygdaloideae Roseaceae- Amygdaloideae sweet (not real sugar)/sour, precursor for phylogentic Glycosides Roseaceae- Amygdaloideae US leading producer, nectarine, precursor for phylogentic Glycosides, 3rd important in US, freestone, grafting, inferior ovary peach mutant with no fur Roseaceae- Amygdaloideae apricots "seeds of the sun" Persia Asia, Med. Arabian, Afgan. associated with a healthy life in Hunza, pluots, Turkey leading producer Rosaceae- Amygdaloideae skin is brown with health benefits Amygdalin-gives almond flavor, precursor for cyanogenic compounds
aggregate fruit red raspberries aggregate fruit strawberry N. America aggregate fruit Cucurbitaceae squash pepo Cucurbitaceae pumpkin pepo (gourds) vegetable Cucurbitaceae watermelon Africa pepo meso & endo fruit Cucurbitaceae cantalope India, Africa pepo fruit Cucurbitaceae honeydew pepo fruit Vitamin C and sugars Cucurbitaceae tropics, Mexico pepo vegetable Cucurbitaceae zucchini pepo vegetable Roseaceae- Rosoideae black raspberries stamp on meat, Not accessory fruit, Roseaceae- Rosoideae not accessory Loganberry=Calif. Blackberry x Europen rasberry Roseaceae- Rosoideae eat receptacle tissue, accessory fruit, fragaria, achenes edible flesh, seeds vegetable, flower-soup n sauce, leaves - veg. "one of the 3 sisters" monoicious, sulfur containing amino-acids China is leading producer, dyed seeds as gift, high acid (pulp) and sugar (water), Vit. A & C polyphenol antioxidants for healthy cardiovascular and immune system *chayote "chow chow" single seed fruit (ONLY ONE), part of 3 sisters immature summer squash, inferior ovary, unisexual, diocious
Moraceae figs Bromeliaceae pineapples S. Brazil multiple fruits Ericaceae blueberry North US berry Ericaceae cranberry N. America berry Vitaceae grapes Asia berry Mediterranean , Africa, Australia, S.America, USA multiple fruits accessory fruit eat fresh/dried, jam Banyan tree, syconium , calcium, fiber, laxative & antioxidant, accessory fruit, wasp!, dicious or monocious! juice for alcohol, leaf for clothing monocot, Columbus, symbol of hospitality to Americans Indians, poultice- bandage, arrow poison, bromelain-protien degrading enzyme, JD Dole calyx crown, fruit, jam, beverages, cooking, dyes Super fruit , "antioxidant powerhouse"- high nutrients & low calories, phytochemicals, inferior ovary, quercitin calyx crown, fruit, jam, beverages, cooking, dyes cures urniary tract infections, Super Fruit , Vit. C, copper, iron, fiber, creeping shrub jelly, juice,wine,vine ger raisins, antioxidants, potassium, Vit. C, calcium, fiber, folic acid, sulfur dioxide prevents fungus and bacteria
Actinidiaceae China berry fresh/ garnish Oxalidaceae star fruit Indonesia berry fruit Myrtaceae guava C. America berry Musaceae banana Asia, Australia pseudoberry Passifloraceae Brazil berry like fruit, aril Punicaceae berry Solanaceae berry kiwi "chinese gooseberry" the fruits of the 80's, actinidin (meat tenderizer) all parts but the seeds sour=calcium oxolate with saliva=oxalic acid, Vit. C, fiber, get kidney stones fresh/ jams, jelly, beverage super fruit , pungent smell, extra Vit. C & A, antioxidants, cook, beverage, beer, fried, boiled, fruit 2-24 fruits, monoecious inflorence, parthenocarpy, bisexual-end unisexual banana republics-latin America, potassium, Vit.C, monocot, undergroung rhizomes, fertility-Hindu, Abaca fibers, cure for kidney stones passion fruit "Christs thorn" fresh/punch, yogurt, mousse, ice cream eat the aril, fiber, Vit.C & A, flowers have special meaning pomegranates "seeded apple" Iran, Afgan, Pakastan, Himalayan N. India juice,syrup, wine, jam, sorbet felshy edible arils, seeds(not really) super fruits , in religious writings, greek myth, grenade-hand thrown weapon, tannins-for leather, folic acid, Vit. C, antioxidants, E. Asia feritility and abundance, tomato "wolf peach" "Apple of Peru" "Love Apple" Mexico, S. America NOT ITALY fruit and vegetable lycopene, Colonial Robert Johnson, legally veg. John Nix & judge Horace Gray,NASA
Malvaceae S. central Asia capsule soups (gumbo) Lecythidaceae S. America capsule Proteaceae macadamia seed fruit Anacardiaceae cashew nuts S. America seed Fagaceae chest nuts nut Corylaceae nut Juglandaceae walnuts nut and drupe Juglandaceae pecan okra "ladies finger" or Vendi/Bhindi young immature capsule mucilage, laxative,insouble, solule fibers-lower LDL, helps logical skills brazil nuts "monkey pods" nuts are mostly from wild trees, seeds are source of selenium, splits in 4's Hawaii, Australia needs well drianed soil and abundant rain. oily seed coat- magnesium rich, cashew apple -an accessory fruit-the receptacle chest nut blight mid in 1900's in US hazel nuts "filberts" cob nuts temperate regions King philiberts full beard starts as nut then pericarp hardens all at once, allelopathy - chemical defense, omega 3 fatty-acids, deciduous, monoecious nut or drupe, drupacious starts as nut then pericarp hardens all at once
Anacardiaceae pistachios drupe Arecaceae drupe Fabaceae pulses legumes food seed Fabaceae legumes Fabaceae legumes Fabaceae legumes to cook unisexual, dioceous trees , nut from endocarp of drupe, dye them red, for cardiovascular health, polysacchrides coconut "millionaires salad" endosperm, leaves are building materials, oil, fiber, drink, food monoecious , largest seed, copra-(oil), milk (liquid endosperm), coir (fibery mesocarp), fibers utilized, monocot Dhal, lentils (Lens culinaris) are a type of pulse peanuts "goobers" "ground nuts" S. America but China is leading producer seed- oil, peanut butter, peanut cake- for livestock George Washington Carver, gynophore-stalk that grows toward ground to bury itself Soybeans "Cinderella crop" "cow without bones" N. America is leading producer cooked beans removed from pericarp imiatation meat, bacon bits, soy sauce, tofu, tofuti, miso, temph Sacred in China, TVP- textured veg. protein, lecthin- food additive, seed-oil Tamarid "Indian date" fleshy mesocarp, dried, get beans, hard seeds-boiled/ roasted dry brown pods, tart pulp (mesocarp), sticky.
From Used as.. Any other info. African Aloe vera the burn plant N. Africa leaves Cleopatras plant, Alex the great Catha edulis Khat tree leaves cardiac agent- s.gratus Middle Eastern roots Pomegrante mentioned in Pharmacoepia, Christianism America cayenne pepper external, internal uses Binomial/ Family Common name, other Nickname Part used.. juice(latex)-glycoside( aloin )- laxative, Gel- saponins, sterols, salicylic acid -treating burns and skin disorders S & E Africa to Afgan. stimulant when chewed with lime (calcium hydroxide) leaf- Cathine & Cathion e-CNS, for nasal, allergies, cold,some depression, long time use-constipation, decreased appetite, irritable, low sex drive Strophanthus kombe Kombe "cure all plant"
S & E & W
Africa leaves & seeds Strophanthin & Sarmentogenin , 17 steps closer to cortizone thn ox bile, William lawerence & Sir John Kirk, toxic-arrow poisons Ferula assa- foetida Asa foetida "devils dung" Iran & Asain desert Spice, treat flatulence, dyspepsia, bronchitis roots- oleoresin gums -sticky resin, contain terpens & sulfur oils Punica granatum SE Europe, Mediterrane an fruit rind(peric arp)/ bark pericarp- tannins -anitdiherria effect, alkaloids - bark-kill parasitic worms-toxic Capsicum fructescens Tropical America fruit & seed Capsaicin in Vascular tissue, externally for arthritis, rheumatism, spasms, itching internally for dyspepsia, colic, flactuence, Icey Hot
Lobelia inflata N. America West Bilberry N. America leaves Central & South S. America bark Paullina cupana guarana S. America Blue gum Australia leaves Australia leaves Indian tabacoo "puke weed" stems & leaves diuretic, syphilis cure, narcotic, bronchodilator Lobeline (alkaloid) -oral antismoking prep.- treat asthma, bronchitis, pertussis Vaccinium myrtillis leaves-UTI, help reduce blood lipids & sugar levels Tannins, phenolic acid s for blood lipid sugar levels, alkaloids, epimyrtine , inhibits platlet aggregation Cinchona pubescens Red cinchona "peruvian bark" bark- Quinine -antimalarial, herbal teas for flatulence & loss of appetite Quinidine(alkaloid) -anti-rythemic-control fast heart beat, Inca, Ronald Ross seeds & leaves beverage, Phenolics -diarrheria, caffine, weight-loss Caffine - reduces fatigue, diuretic, energy Southeastern Asia & Australia Eucalyptus globulus essential eucalyptol oil (leaves), external applications Terpene s-antimicrobial-antiinflammatory- expantorant Melaleuca alternifolia Tea Tree NOT A TEA! aromathrapy, cosmetics, essential oils in creams & ointments for skin conditions leaves> 60 terpenes , used in surgery & dental hygiene due to germicidal activity
