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Formative Assessment - Correct Answer-Informs instruction (exit tickets, show of hands, checklists, journals, anecdotal notes, observations) Summative Assessment - Correct Answer-The end measure of mastery of the standards. Used for grades and to measure teacher performance (midterm/final, district benchmark assessments, state assessments, teacher created tests or textbook chapter tests, research paper/project). critical thinking - Correct Answer-Analyze, evaluate, interpret, and synthesize information to reach a conclusion or make a judgment. creative thinking - Correct Answer-Think outside of the box to draw unique conclusions and develop products with a fresh perspective. reflective thinking - Correct Answer-Students look back and reflect upon their learning process to promote abstract thinking and to encourage the application of learning strategies to new situations. Bloom's Taxonomy - Correct Answer-Remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, create. Questioning Techniques - Correct Answer-Wait time, specific feedback, redirection (wrong answer given), probe (clues), increase question complexity (not yes/no answers). visual learners - Correct Answer-Do best with images and graphic organizers to make sense of new information. auditory learners - Correct Answer-Grasp concepts best through listening and speaking situations (lectures, podcasts, and group discussions). kinesthetic learners - Correct Answer-Hands-on learning experiences. Kagan Structures - Correct Answer-Used in cooperative learning environments. Focuses on students working together to achieve a common goal (small group, peer- assisted, positive interdependence).
Thematic/Interdisciplinary Units - Correct Answer-1.) Concept-based: Critical thinking approach focuses on a broad idea vs. subject-specific (thematic, cross-curricular, or multidisciplinary). 2.) Computer-based: Use of computers and software. 3.) Project-based: Student center inquiry-based model. Investigate a subject over an extended period of time. 4.) Problem-based: Student centered model where learners are given a problem and students must work out a solution. Modeled Reading (Read Aloud) - Correct Answer-Teacher reads a text aloud and includes think-alouds (metacognition). Shared Reading - Correct Answer-Students and teachers share in the reading process. 1.) Whole Class: Teacher guides and supports, pauses to ask students to make predictions, points to key words, and ask questions. 2.) Small Group/Partners: Interactive activity where students and their peers read a text together. One student reads while peers follow along, students discuss the story. Guided Reading - Correct Answer-Small group, teacher-driven instructional model designed to provide differentiated teaching that supports students in developing proficiency. Students are following the teacher's directions. Focuses on students' specific needs and is intended to progress students towards reading independence. Reciprocal Teaching - Correct Answer-Students take charge. In this small group activity, everyone has a role. As they read the text together, one student summarizes, one questions, one clarifies, and one predicts. Interactive Reading Journals - Correct Answer-On the first read, students use a variety of response strategies (pictures, lists, written comments, and questions) to communicate their thoughts about what was read on one side of the journal. Close Reading - Correct Answer-This involves multiple reads and deep analysis of a text to foster critical thinking skills. Literature Circles - Correct Answer-Small group, in-depth discussions of a piece of literature based on the students' responses to the text (driven by student inquiry and reflection). Comprehension - Correct Answer-Essence of reading. They read fluently, with prosody, automaticity, and accuracy. Critical thinking strategies - Correct Answer-1.) Predicting 2.) Questioning 3.) Read Aloud, Think Aloud 4.) Summarizing
Prior Knowledge: Building - Correct Answer-Virtual field trips/video clips, field trips, picture books, visuals, primary source documents/visuals. Constructivism - Correct Answer-Old knowledge is a building block upon which students can begin to build new knowledge. teachers can help students make connections between new material and their prior experiences Differentiation - Correct Answer-Teachers must consider the learner's interest, strengths/weaknesses, and readiness before planning. 1.) Differentiated Content - Leveled groups, students will analyze poems at varying difficulty levels. 2.) Differentiated Process: After a short, whole-group lesson on metaphors, students split up into small groups. teacher-led station 3.) Differentiated Product: Student choice in how they show mastery. Ex: persuasive essay, brochure, or podcast. Types of student data (needs) - Correct Answer-Standardized test scores (previous year), running records (reading fluency), formative assessments (observations), survey data (student interests). Qualitative - Correct Answer-"Quality" useful for studies at the individual level and finds out the ways in which people think or feel. Examples: Surveys, observations, conferences, case studies. Quantitative - Correct Answer-Numbers. Information that can be measured and written down with numbers. Examples: State test scores, reading scores, words per min. target specific literary needs of individual students Erikson - Correct Answer-Eight Social Stages. Cooperative Learning and establishing Student Roles. 1.) Trust v. Mistrust 2.) Autonomy v. Shame 3.) Initiative v. Guilt (Purpose) 4.) Industry v. Inferiority (Competence) 5.) Identity v. Identity Diffusion (Fidelity) 6.) Intimacy v. Isolation (Love) 7.) Generativity v. Self-Absorption (Care) 8.) Integrity v. Despair (Wisdom) Bruner - Correct Answer-Learning is an active process, learners construct new ideas or concepts based on current/past knowledge.
Examples: Socratic Seminar, Curriculum is a spiral (student build upon prior learning). Problem-solving skills (inquiry/discover), child's way of viewing the world, and mastery of skills leads to mastery of more powerful ones. Stanine Levels - Correct Answer-Scaling test scores on a 9-point standard scale wth a mean of 5. Above Average: 7, 8, 9 Average: 4, 5, 6 Below Average: 1, 2, 3 Florida Standards Assessment (FSA) - Correct Answer-ELA and Math. Levels 1-5 (1 is the lowest). Classroom management issues - Correct Answer-First, revisit classroom procedures as a class and practice them numerous times. Positive Behavior Support (PBS) - Correct Answer-A set of research-based strategies used to increase quality of life and decrease problem behaviors by teaching new skills and making changes in the student's environment.
- Self-direction: Students sign behavior contract 1.) Observe the behavior 2.) Involve the student in creating a plan 3.) Use behavior contracts Proximity control - Correct Answer-Moving close to a misbehaving student (least disruptive). Scaffolding - Correct Answer-Vygotsky - Zone of Proximal Development. Gradual Release Method (I do - we do - you do). Teachers assist and support students in accomplishing complex tasks. High expectations - Correct Answer-Accountability Movement - NCLB. Regardless of students' abilities, learning preferences, readiness levels, or achievement scores, effective teachers challenge ALL students. Diverse learning environment - Correct Answer-1.) Celebrate culture (regular and ongoing) 2.) Home language supports (NEVER English only) 3.) Family Involvement (ss personal invitations) MTSS/RTI - Correct Answer-Multi-tiered systems of support to address needs of struggling students (academic, emotional, and behavioral). Tier 1: Universal (basic core curriculum) Tier 2: Modifications/differentiated instruction (some students) Tier 3: Most intense service for few students (individualized)
Content Area Literacy - Correct Answer-Reading and writing tasks that students complete while learning content (can be math, science, or social sciences). Direct Instruction (Whole Group) - Correct Answer-Teachers present academic content to students as a lecture or demonstration (structured, sequenced, teacher-led). Beginning of a unit or lesson. Cooperative learning - Correct Answer-1.) Homogeneous Groups: Same learning need or level. RARE. 2.) Heterogeneous Groups: Variety of learning levels and student interests. Promotes diversity. Teaching vocabulary - Correct Answer-Always teach vocab in context. Never dictionaries or glossaries. Learning Gaps - Correct Answer-1.) Identify student gaps in learning 2.) Differentiate instruction based on individuals needs. 3.) Monitor progress. Struggling learners need targeted interventions like scaffolding, reteaching, or accomodations Preconceptions - Correct Answer-To form an opinion prior to actual knowledge or experience (e.g., algebra is irrelevant to my life). Misconceptions - Correct Answer-A view or opinion that is incorrect because it is based on faulty thinking or understanding. Interdisciplinary activities - Correct Answer-Combining two or more academic disciplines into one activity. This promotes real-world application of subject matter because it integrates learning by drawing knowledge from several content areas. Higher order thinking - Correct Answer-Critical thinking skills that exist at the higher level of Bloom's Taxonomy (analyze, apply, create). Relevant and comprehensible instruction - Correct Answer-Clear, coherent, and understandable. Teacher uses a logical order that is student-centered (background knowledge). Higher order thinking questions - Correct Answer-Usually start with the words why or how. Analyzing data - Correct Answer-Teachers consult multiple sources of information/data to make the most informed decision when planning further instruction.
Grade level equivalency (GLE) - Correct Answer-Match school grades (K12+). They are assigned decimal place values to pinpoint reading level. For example, a 7th grader with a (6.8) is performing slightly below grade level (.0 to .9). Box and whisker plot - Correct Answer-A graph that displays the highest and lowest quarters of data as whiskers, the middle (median) is where students are considered proficient. Assessment sequence - Correct Answer-"Ongoing" to drive instructional decisions. NEVER use multiple choice. 1.) Diagnostic (pre-assessment) 2.) Formative Assessments (ongoing - targeted interventions) 3.) Summative Assessment (measure outcomes and make decisions moving forward. Where strategies and interventions impactful?) Assessment tools - Correct Answer-Used to monitor student progress, achievement, and learning gains (test, rubric, survey, etc). Progress Monitoring - Correct Answer-Diagnostic, Formative, Summative, Performance- Based, Portfolio (student work samples, self-evaluations/reflections), Criterion- Reference (FSA), Norm-Reference (NAEP, percentile), Screening (place students at grade level). Rubrics - Correct Answer-Evaluation tool or set of guidelines used to promote the consistent application of learning expectations, learning objectives, or learning standards (before, during, and after). Item analysis - Correct Answer-A process which examines student responses to individual test items (questions) to determine the quality of the items, the quality of the test as a whole, or the quality of the instruction for the skills on the test. Checks if a test is reliable and valid. Test success - Correct Answer-Teachers teach the skills necessary to succeed on the tests, NOT strategies to beat the test. ESE testing accommodations - Correct Answer-1.) Flexible presentation: Oral or sign language. 2.) Flexible responding: Dictate answers or speech-to-text technology. 3.) Flexible Setting: Given test in short intervals, given test in separate testing room, or extended time. 4.) Assistive devices and tools: Alternative keyboards, joysticks, touch screens, head control systems). Always consult IEP.
4.) Orientation to Learning: Immediate application of knowledge (problem-centered). 5.) Motivation to Learn: Intrinsic motivation. Peer-reviewed academic journals - Correct Answer-1.) Is research valid and reliable? 2.) Are the authors experts? Are they prolific? 3.) Is research current? (Past 3 years) 4.) Is it scholarly? 5.) Is it objective? (Not biased) 6.) Is it relevant to the profession? Validity - Correct Answer-Refers to how sound the research is in design and methods. It's the extent to which the findings in the study represent the phenomenon measured in the study. Reliability - Correct Answer-Refers to the degree of consistency in the measure. A study is considered reliable when it gives the same results under similar conditions. Professional organizations - Correct Answer-National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), The Society of Health and Physical Educators (SHAPE), National Council for Social Studies (NCSS), National Council of Teachers of English. Good way to stay abreast of current trends. Action research - Correct Answer-When teachers continuously collect both formative and summative data and use it to differentiate instruction. It's ongoing and part of everyday practice. This usually takes place in professional learning communities (PLCs) or department/grade-level teams. data-driven decision making. School Advisory Council (SAC) - Correct Answer-A school-based group composed of the principal and an appropriately balanced number of teachers, education support employees, students, parents, and other business and community citizens who are representative of ethnic, racial, and economic community served by the school (usually only secondary students). democratic input from all stakeholders. the teacher's role is to answer questions and assist members. They also report to administration. School Improvement Plan (SIP) - Correct Answer-A formal document created annually that outlines strategic goals for the school. Developed democratically with all stakeholders. SAC goals - Correct Answer-Drafting school goals, choosing new curriculum, and developing academic standards.
Clinical Education Training (CET) - Correct Answer-Mentor teachers help new teachers develop goals and plan instruction, as well as help them reflect on the teaching process. To supervise another teacher, they must be clinical education certified. Technology protocol - Correct Answer-Must be approved by district technology protocol before implementing it. Reading Coach - Correct Answer-Reading coaches help teachers implement reading strategies in the classroom and provide support when necessary (e.g., teacher is struggling to get students to understand a school-wide reading strategy). Professional development consideration - Correct Answer-Student achievement should always be considered when deciding what professional development to attend. Principles of Professional Conduct (3 main tenants) - Correct Answer-1.) Obligation to the student 2.) Obligation to the public 3.) Obligation to the profession Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) - Correct Answer-Given greater latitude to individual states for decision making regarding content area standards, assessment techniques, and corrective actions for low performing schools (high standards). No Child Left Behind (NCLB, 2002) - Correct Answer-Accountability. Title I: Improving academic achievement of disadvantaged Title II: Prep, training, and recruiting high quality teachers and principles Title III: Language instruction for limited English proficient and and immigrant students Title IV: 21st Century Schools Title V: Promoting informed parental choice and innovative programs Title VI: Flexibility and accountability Race to the Top (RTTT) - Correct Answer-Competition. States apply for government funding, they modify state education laws or policies to facilitate the needed change. Section 504 (Rehabilitation Act) - Correct Answer-Requires school district to provide a "free appropriate public education" (FAPE) to qualified students with disabilities. Provision of regular or special ed and related aids and services designed to meet the student's individual educational needs. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA 1990) - Correct Answer-Civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. Similar to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Accountability Movement - Correct Answer-Standards, school choice, vouchers, magnet schools, and school grades.
The Jessica Lunsford Act - Correct Answer-This bill requires specific notations on the driver's licenses of sexual predators, and established standards and procedures related to the background screening of individuals who provide contracted non-instructional services to Florida public schools or districts. Site license guidelines - Correct Answer-When parents request copies of software to use at home with their children. A teacher needs to consult these. Enrichment strategies - Correct Answer-Help students connect old knowledge with new concepts and to become more engaged in their learning. ELL classroom environment - Correct Answer-Encourage safe times to use academic English in class. Learning Log - Correct Answer-Documentation that allows students to make connections between prior knowledge and new knowledge. Cloze Activity - Correct Answer-A reading comprehension activity in which words are omitted from a passage and students are required to fill in the blanks. Good to assess students ability to read in context and to assess reading comprehension. WIDA (World Class Instructional Design) - Correct Answer-Consortium of states dedicated to the design and implementation of high standards and equitable education opportunities for ELLs. 5 Standards: 1.) Social and Instructional Language 2.) Language of Language Arts 3.) Language of Mathematics 4.) Language of Science 5.) Language of Social Studies Bilingual Approach - Correct Answer-Be culturally responsive in the classroom. The best teachers use a bilingual approach, First Language (L1) + Second Language (L2) = English Proficiency. Teachers help ELLs feel safe and comfortable in the classroom Stages of Second Language Acquisition (Krashen) - Correct Answer-1.) Preproduction: Silent Stage 2.) Early Production: Some words (use pictures) 3.) Speech Emergence: Simple sentences. 4.) Intermediate Fluency: Longer sentences 5.) Advanced Fluency: Speak and understand with little to no support. They can think/respond critically. Honor the silent period and provide safe times to speak academic English
Code switching - Correct Answer-When an ELL switches back and forth between L and L2 when speaking or writing (e.g., I am going a la playa tomorrow." Acculturation - Correct Answer-Process of cultural contact and exchange through which a person or group comes to adopt certain values and practices of a culture that isn't originally their own, to a greater or lesser extent (original culture remains). Assimilation - Correct Answer-Original culture is wholly abandoned; new culture adopted in its place (very traumatic for families). Transfer - Correct Answer-The replication of rules from L1 applied to L2 (e.g., grammar and pronunciation can transfer from one language to another). The Consent Decree - Correct Answer-Grounded in the 14th Amendment and the result of League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) vs. State Board of Ed, this protects ELLs and their right to a free, comprehensible education. It addresses civil and academic rights of ELLs and required instruction to be delivered in a comprehensible manners so ELLs can fully participate. Comprehensible manner - Correct Answer-Teachers should accommodate ELLs during classroom instruction by using ancillary (necessary support) materials and technology. Students should not translate for other students Choral Reading - Correct Answer-A way for students to participate in reading (fluency) without being put on the spot to read aloud in front of everyone. NEVER Round Robin or Silent Sustained Reading Fluency, self-confidence, and motivation Oral Assessments - Correct Answer-Effective in measuring student understanding, especially with ELLs. This helps measure mastery. Pluralism - Correct Answer-People of different social classes, religions, races, etc., are together in a society but continue to have their different traditions and interests. Expository Text (Informational) - Correct Answer-Current events from newspaper articles or online sources to support reading in the content area. In the real world students will encounter informational text more often than any other type. Prepping them for this early will help them in college and their careers. Graphic organizers - Correct Answer-1.) KWL Charts: Know, Want to learn, and Learned after reading. 2.) Cluster Diagrams: Visual arrangements of terms, events, people, or ideas. Helpful in social science. 3.) Process Organizer: Organizes a process. Helps in science, engage in a lab or visualize a process.
Miscue Analysis - Correct Answer-Looking over the running record, analyzing why the student miscues, and employing strategies to help the student with them. Reading Comprehension - Correct Answer-Forming images in his/her mind as they read. Predict what might happen next. No need to decode (sound out) words. They read fluently with prosody, automaticity, and accuracy. DRTA (Directed Reading Thinking Activity) - Correct Answer-1.) Make predictions from title clues (book not open). All excepted, all students given opportunity, teacher NO predictions. 2.) Make predictions from picture clues (open book to 1st picture) Look at initial picture clues, gives opportunity to change predictions. 3.) Read the material. Read predetermined amount. 4.) Assess the accuracy of predictions and adjust the predictions. Revise and ask for predictions for next part of story. 5.) Repeat till all parts of the lesson have been covered (4 or 5 stops). Read next part of story, check predictions, justify predictions, revise predictions, repeat until story is complete. Question-Answer Relationship (QAR) - Correct Answer-Strategy describes four types of questions: right there, think and search, author and you, and on your own. SQ3R - Correct Answer-Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review Bloom's taxonomy (levels) - Correct Answer-Remember & Memorize Understand & Identify Categorize Compare & Contrast Evaluate Analyze Create Apply Tracking - Correct Answer-Students in certain classes at a young age (ss stay in those classes permanently with no chance of mobility). Inequalities in education School counselor - Correct Answer-When students have a hard time due to outlying circumstances consult this person (e.g, financial hardships). School enrollment - Correct Answer-Students don't need social security cards to enroll in school. Amphetamines - Correct Answer-Irritability, restlessness, paranoia, and aggression.
Student goal setting - Correct Answer-Students do the work, teachers sit back and facilitate. Educator's primary concern - Correct Answer-The student and the development of student potential. Inappropriate teacher behavior (inappropriate photos hung up) - Correct Answer-Letter of reprimand (DOCUMENTATION is key!) Teacher Contract - Correct Answer-1 year. Leaving for another job in another country is a breach of contract. Anecdotal notes - Correct Answer-Rich, qualitative, data about lesson engagement and student understanding (also for student behavior). Word sort - Correct Answer-A word study activity in which children group words into categories (e.g., I know, I kinda know, I don't know). Internet clickers - Correct Answer-Real—time data to drive instructional strategies. Differentiate for kinesthetic learners Interest grouping - Correct Answer-Same as heterogenous grouping > group by student interests! Manipulatives - Correct Answer-Physical tools (e.g., coins, blocks, and puzzles). Speaking and listening skills - Correct Answer-Summarizing and re-telling. Accommodations - Correct Answer-Modifying instruction or using supports to help ELLs achieve. Accommodations do NOT involve lowering the standard or delaying learning. Allocating resources - Correct Answer-Portioning resources so all students have equal opportunity and time while balancing curriculum and instruction is essential in effective classroom management. Celebrate culture - Correct Answer-Activities in the classroom that help students learn and observe other cultures (NOT one and done). Classroom management - Correct Answer-A variety of skills and techniques that teachers use to keep students organized, orderly, focused, attentive, on task, and academically productive during class.
2nd Grade Culture - Correct Answer-Engage students in activity by discovering common elements in various cultural backgrounds as well as unique features. IEP Team - Correct Answer-Teacher's role is to assist with determining interventions and strategies for the ESE student. Letter Recognition (Alphabetic Principle) - Correct Answer-Kids must first recognize letters by name (starting school). Right-brained - Correct Answer-Creative, kinesthetic. Inductive reasoning - Correct Answer-Look at specific examples to determine a general rule (pattern/trend). Student records - Correct Answer-Non-custodial parents can access these records. Professionals can only access them if used for an official reason. Redirecting (questions) - Correct Answer-Not only wrong answers. Also pose a question from one student to other students in order to elicit responses/ideas. Discovery learning (cooperative learning) - Correct Answer-Fosters independent learning. Max classroom capacity - Correct Answer-25 students maximum. Homework hotline - Correct Answer-Strengthens family's ability to be partners with teachers in student's education. Affective Filter Hypothesis - Correct Answer-Describes external factors that can act as a filter that impedes acquistion, such as motivation level, self-confidence level, and anxiety.
