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EDF 6226 Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024/
envrionmental events A function based defintion is based on the functional relations between responses and the __________ __________. Look likes What a behavior ______ _____ is a topography-based definition Functionally equivalent Servers the same purpose or produces the same consqeuences Play condition A condition in a traditional functional analysis in which a participant is in a room with free access to reinforcing activities (also known as the "control" condition). Independent The variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher correlated Descriptive FBAs can identify events that are _____ with the target behavior and suggest hypotheses behavior cusps Pivotal behaviors produce changes in untrained areas, while _____ _____ expose the individual's repertoire to new contingencies. Function Functionally equivalent means an intervention should serve the same ____ as the problem behavior Alone condition A condition in a traditional functional analysis in which the participant is alone in a room without access to reinforcing activities. reinforcers Behaviroal cusps expose the indivuals repertoire to new environments, especially new _____ and punishers. Reactivity The influence of assessment procedures on the clinets behavior pattern Dependent variable measured to determine if it changes as result of manipulations of the I.V. pivotal behavior Imitative behavior is a good example of a ______ _____ because it can produce changes in other untrained responses.
contrived The thearpist reinforcing waving with a Skittle is an example of an ___ contingency Modifications A pivotal behavior produces corresponding ___ or covariations in other ada[tive untrained behaviors Naturally A contrived contingency does not occur ____. Behavioral cusps Crawling is a good example of a ______, because crawling can expose the learner to new reinforcers and punishers Escape Functional analysis has three test conditions: contingent attention, contigent _______, and alone. Widespread Pivotal behaviors appear to result in _______ positive changes in a number of areas Environmental events An FBA obtains info. about relations among specific types of ___ ____ and behaviors Descriptive There are three methods of FBA, indirect ____, and functional analysis Checklists Indirect FBAs can be structured interviews, ______, rating scales, or questionnaires. Intervention The independent variable is also callled the ___ or thr treatment variable Analog Functional anaysis is soemtimes called ___ because of the arrangement of variables functionally equivalent The therapist creates an intervention that is ____ ___ to the current contingency, it gives access to the same functions Consequences Different behaviors are functionally equivalent if they produce the same Untrained Produces corresponding modifications or covariations in other adaptive untrained behaviors Subjective The term behavioral cusp is _____ and not a universally agreed upon term Naturally existing contingency Contrived contingencies should be used only when _____ ____ are not available Escape condition A condition in a traditional functional analysis in which participant behavior is reinforced with escape from demands
An assessment that includes direct observation in naturally occurring conditions Can we assume problem behaviors are a symptom of autism? no probelm behavios can be seen in any individuals ABC continous recording an observer records occurences of the targeted problem behaviors and selected environmental events in the natural routine during a period of time. may reveal events that occur in close temporal promisxty to the target behavior. Conditional Probability the likelihood that a target behavior will occur in a given circumstance. can be misleading contingency space analysis Identify contingent relations from descriptive data. Probability is specified for two sets of behavior classes: (1) the target problem behavior, and (2) other behaviors. ABC Narrative Recording data are collected only when behaviors of interest are observed; recording is open ended scatterplot recording A procedure for recording the extent to which a target behavior occurs more often at particular times than others; involves dividing the day into blocks of time, and using different symbols on an observation form to indicate the level of the target behavior (e.g., a lot, some, or not at all). Primary advantage of scatterplot recording identify time periods during which the problem behavior occurs. Can we control behavior No, we cannot, but we can manipulate environmental factors surrounding the behavior an we can control units of behavior: we can control responses, and we can predict choice. Purpose of a functional anslysis the ability to yield a clear demonstaration of the variable or variables(function) that influence the occurence of a problem behavior repetition In ABA therapy, one of the principles is to repeat things the same way each time so the child has a better chance to learn the skill correctly, but in developmental approaches we observe that children don't tend to adapt to new situations with the new skills Brief Functional Analysis Conducting a functional analysis in a short period of time. Each condition is run for 5-10 mins. Each condition, except alone, must include an MO & SD that signal reinforcement is available. Trial Based Functional Analysis
An analysis in which a series of trials is interspersed among classroom activities. Each trial consists of two 1-minute components: (a) the establishing operation and contingency for problem behavior (test condition), and (b) continuous access to the reinforcer (control condition). Synthesized Functional Analysis in the test condition mutliple contingencies are implemented simultanesouly when the problem behavior is demonstrated. in the control condition the same reinforcers are presented noncontingently and continously. latency-based functional analysis An analysis in which each session is terminated as soon as a problem behavior occurs. The index of problem behavior is the latency from onset of the establishing operation to the first occurrence of the problem behavior. functional analysis of precursors Conduct the functional analysis on a behavior that reliably precedes the target behavior. verification is showing that dependent variables (DVs) would not change without intervention (independent variables: IVs). prediciton involves anticipating what you think will happen in the future. replication involves taking away the intervention, reintroducing it, and obtaining similar outcomes. Determinism the philosophy that holds that every event, action, and decision results from something independent of the human will( the world is a lawlfully and orderly place) Empiricism the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation Baseline logic a term sometimes used to refer to the experimental reasoning inherent in single subject experimental designs; entails three elements: prediction, verification, and replication. relevance of behavior rule holds that only behaviors likely to produce reinforcement in the person's natural environment should be targeted for change parisomy The simplest theory. All simple & logical explanations must be ruled out first before complex explanations. Philosophic Doubt continually questioning the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and knowledge.
