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Functional Groups, A Short List. 1. Oxygen-containing. Acetal/ketal. Acid anhydride. Acyl halide. X = Cl, Br, I. Acylal. Alcohol. Carbonate.
Typology: Lecture notes
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Functional Groups, A Short List Oxygen-containing Acetal/ketal Acid anhydride Acyl halide X = Cl, Br, I Acylal Alcohol Carbonate Carboxylic acid/carboxylate anion Chloroformate ester Dicarbonate Diketene Ester Ether Ethylenedioxy- (crown ether) Hemiacetal/Hemiketal Homoallylic Hydroperoxide Ketene Ketone/aldehyde Lactone
Methylenedioxy- Orthocarbonate ester Orthoester Peroxide Ynol* *Highly unstable, tautomer of ketene Ynone Nitrogen-containing Acylurea Aldimine (primary/secondary) Amide Amidine Amidrazone Amine Azide Azine Azo group Azoxy Carbamate
Nitrosamine Nitroso Oxime Semicarbazide Semicarbazone Triazene Sulfur-containing Disulfide Dithiocarbamate Dithiocarboxylic acid Dithiocarboxylic acid ester Isothiocyanate S-nitrosothiol Sulfate Sulfenamide Sulfenyl chloride Sulfinic acid Sulfite Sulfonate ester Sulfone
Sulfonic acid Sulfonyl X = Cl, Br, I Sulfoxide Sulfuryl X = Cl, Br, I Thial Thiocarboxylic acid ( O ) Thiocarboxylic acid ( S ) Thiocyanate Thioether (sulfide) Thioketone Thioketene Thiol Thiolester Thionoester Thiosemicarbazide Thiourea Phosphorus-containing Phosphate Phosphine Phosphodiester
Isobutyl group t-Butyl group Crotyl group ( cis / trans ) Ethyl group Isoprene Propyl group Isopropyl group Neopentyl group Phenyl group (–Ph) Propargyl group Vinyl group Boron-containing Borinic acid Borinic ester Boronic acid Boronic ester Miscellaneous Acetoxy (–OAc) Acetyl group (–Ac) Acryloyl group Acyl group
Benzoyl group (–Bz) Enediyne Nonaflate group Selenenic acid Seleninic acid Selenol Selenonic acid Selone Tellurocyanate* Telluroester* Telluroketone* Tellurol* *Tellurium-containing functional groups are highly unstable Tosyl group (–Ts) Tosylate (–OTs) Triflate group (–Tf) Vanillyl group Functional groups featuring tautomerism Tautomerization of some of the functional groups found in the notes Keto-enol tautomerization
Isoxazole Oxazole Thiazole Triazole (1,2,3 and 1,2,4) Tetrahydropyran Piperidine / azinane Tetrahydrothiopyran Morpholine Dioxane Pyridine Pyrimidine Pyridazine Pyrazine Pyran 4H-Pyran
