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Database Types and Concepts: A Comprehensive Guide, Lecture notes of Computer science

Computer science

A comprehensive overview of various database types, including relational, object-oriented, distributed, data warehouses, nosql, graph, oltp, open source, cloud, multimodal, document/json, and self-driving databases. It explains the key concepts of databases, such as tables, relationships, and keys, and provides a clear understanding of the evolution of databases from their inception in the 1960s to the present day.

Typology: Lecture notes

2023/2024

Available from 01/22/2025

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Organize Data
Organized data can be any representation of data that allows you to gather insights. What’s more necessary is
that it should be relevant to your department. If you work at an insurance firm, you’ll want information
including customer credit history, age, bank records, etc. What you won’t be concerned with is their favorite TV
show or what books they like to read.
All data is powerful, you just have to ensure you’re dealing with something that concerns your end goal.
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Organize Data

Organized data can be any representation of data that allows you to gather insights. What’s more necessary is that it should be relevant to your department. If you work at an insurance firm, you’ll want information including customer credit history, age, bank records, etc. What you won’t be concerned with is their favorite TV show or what books they like to read. All data is powerful, you just have to ensure you’re dealing with something that concerns your end goal.

Evolution of the Database

Databases have evolved dramatically since their inception in the early 1960 s.

Navigational databases such as the hierarchical database which relied on a tree-like

model and allowed only a one-to-many relationship, and the network database a more

flexible model that allowed multiple relationships, were the original systems used to

store and manipulate data.

  • Relational databases
  • Object-oriented databases
  • Distributed databases
  • Data warehouses
  • NoSQL databases
  • Graph databases
    • OLTP databases.
    • Open source databases
    • Cloud databases
    • Multimodal database
      • Document/JSON database
      • Self-driving databases
  • Open source databases
  • An open-source database system is one whose source code is open source; such databases

could be SQL or NoSQL databases.

  • Cloud databases

A cloud database is a collection of data, either structured or unstructured, that resides on a

private, public, or hybrid cloud computing platform. There are two types of cloud database

models: traditional and database as a service (DBaaS). With DBaaS, administrative tasks and

maintenance are performed by a service provider.

  • Multimodal database

Multimodal databases combine different types of database models into a single, integrated

back end. This means they can accommodate various data types.

  • Document/JSON database

Designed for storing, retrieving, and managing document-oriented information, document

databases are a modern way to store data in JSON format rather than rows and columns.

  • Self-driving databases

The newest and most groundbreaking type of database, self-driving databases (also known as

autonomous databases) are cloud-based and use machine learning to automate database

tuning, security, backups, updates, and other routine management tasks traditionally

performed by database administrators.

DATABASE A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS).A database is made up of tables that contain columns and rows. Each category is given its's own table. A relational database consists of 3 high-level components:

  • Tables
  • Relationships
  • Keys

A relationship in an ERD defines how two entities are related to each other. They can be derived from verbs when speaking about a database or a set of entities. Relationships in ERDs are represented as lines between two entities, and often have a label on the line to further describe the relationship

PRIMARY KEY

It is the first key used to identify one and only one instance of an entity uniquely. An entity can contain multiple keys, as we saw in the PERSON table. The key which is most suitable from those lists becomes a primary key.

Foreign Key

Foreign keys are the column of the table used to point to the primary key of another table.