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Future Tense
● In English, we use the word "will" to indicate the future, but Spanish doesn't have a direct translation for "will." Instead, the verb itself is modified. ● While you can use the formula ir + a + infinitive (e.g., voy a comer) to say what you are "going to do," the future tense specifically expresses what you "will" do.
● Unlike many other tenses, you do not drop the AR, ER, or IR ending. You keep the entire infinitive and add the following endings to the end.
Yo é
Tú ás
Él/Ella/Usted á
Nosotros emos
Vosotros éis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes án
● Yo viajaré (I will travel) ● Nosotros viajaremos (We will travel)
Some other uses of the Future Tense.
● Making predictions: "I will find a nice house one day" ("Encontraré una bonita casa un día.") ● Speculating about current situations: Using the future tense to say someone is "probably" doing something right now "John is probably at work now" ("Juan estará en el trabajo ahora.") ● Wondering: Expressing "I wonder..." about the present "I wonder how old she is" ("¿Cuántos años tendrá ella?")
Irregular Stems
● Poner → pondr- (Yo pondré) ● Decir → dir- (Yo diré) ● Tener → tendr- (Yo tendré) ● Hacer → har- (Yo haré) ● Saber → sabr- (Yo sabré)
comeré (Regular) viajaremos (Regular) podrás (Irregular stem: podr-) vivirán (Regular) vendrán (Irregular stem: vendr-) harás (Irregular stem: har-) sabrá (Irregular stem: sabr-) pondremos (Irregular stem: pondr-) hablarán (Regular) diré (Irregular stem: dir-)
Progressive Tense
This is used to emphasize that something is happening right now Unlike English, Spanish rarely uses this tense for general habits or future plans. If the action isn't happening as you speak, you should use the present tense or infinitive instead [
● Example: In English, you might say "I like running," but in Spanish, you use the infinitive: Me gusta correr
To form the present progressive, you need two parts
- The verb Estar (conjugated to match the subject).
- The Present Participle (the "ing" form of the verb).
- How to Form the Participle ● AR Verbs: Drop the -ar and add -ando ○ Hablar → Hablando (Speaking) ● ER and IR Verbs: Drop the -er/-ir and add -iendo ○ Comer → Comiendo (Eating) ○ Correr → Corriendo (Running)
Key Characteristics
● The participle (-ando or -iendo) is invariable. It does not change to match gender or number; only the verb estar changes
Some examples of Progressive Tense:
● I am talking: Estoy hablando ● She is eating: Está comiendo ● We are listening: Estamos escuchando ● They are running: Están corriendo ● You are sleeping: Estás durmiendo ● He is cooking: Está cocinando
Try!
- Ahora mismo, Juan __________ __________ (beber) agua.
- Mis padres __________ (leer) el periódico.
- Nosotros __________ (construir) una casa de madera.
- Yo __________ (limpiar) mi habitación.
- ¿Tú __________ (oír) ese ruido extraño?
- El gato __________ (dormir) en el sofá.
- Ellos __________ (traer) las bebidas a la fiesta.
- Nosotros __________ (aprender) español hoy.
- ¿Ustedes __________ (creer) lo que él dice?
- El niño __________ (correr) en el parque
Answers:
- está bebiendo (Regular)
- están leyendo (Bender: i → y)
- estamos construyendo (Bender: i → y)
- estoy limpiando (Regular)
- estás oyendo (Bender: i → y)
- está durmiendo (Stem-changer: o → u)
- están trayendo (Bender: i → y)
