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GALEN PHARM 2500 FINAL PAPER 2026
COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTION
COMPILATION
◉ Benzodiazepine- Diazepam(Benzodiazepine- Alprazolam). Answer: Uses: Uses for seizures (status epilepticus) S/E: Drowsy, Dizziness Adverse reactions/ Toxicity: Respiratory depression, hypotension Pt teaching: advice of abuse potential, avoid alcohol & opioids. Nursing considerations: Monitor BP, pulse, resp, assess risk for abuse, addiction misuse. Lab values: Hepatic & renal function, CBS Contradictions: Do not take with other CNS ◉ Antipsychotic- Haloperidol. Answer: Uses: Schizophrenia, Acute sycosis S/E: Dry mouth, Sedation Adverse reactions/ Toxicity: EPS(Tremors) NMS(fever, rigidity) Contradictions: Mood stabilizers & antipsychotics ◉ Atypical Antipsychotic- Aripiprazole.
Answer: Uses: Schizophrenia S/E: Dryness, Weight gain, Drowsy, Sedation anticholinergic effects Adverse reactions/ Toxicity: Suicidal ideation, EPS, NMS Pt teaching: Nursing considerations: Wont work overnight about 3 weeks Lab values: Monitor CBC, blood glucose, cholesterol levels ◉ SNRI- Venlafaxine. Answer: Uses: anti- depression S/E: Dryness, urinary retention Adverse reactions/ Toxicity: Renal failure, Steven Johnson Syndrome Lab values: BUN, Creatine ◉ Tricyclic- Amitriptyline. Answer: uses: depression ◉ MAO inhibitor- Phenelzine Sulfate. Answer: Uses: Depression S/E: Agitation, Restless, Dizzy, Drowsiness Adverse reactions/ Toxicity: Hypertensive crisis PT teaching: Stay away from foods with tyramine & cold meds Nursing considerations: Stay away from herbal remedies
Answer: Enteric coated ◉ What is a loading dose?. Answer: A large volume of medication to start working on the problem ◉ Side effects. Answer: Side effects are secondary effects of drug therapy. They are predictable and can range from inconvenient to severe or life threatening. All drugs have side effects. The occurrence of side effects is one of the primary reasons patients stop taking their prescribed medicines. Our role as nurses are to educate patients about a drug's side effects and encouraging them to report side effects. ◉ Adverse effects. Answer: Adverse effects are unintentional, unexpected reactions to drug therapy that occur at normal drug dosages. May be mild to severe and include anaphylaxis. Adverse drug reactions are always undesirable and must be reported and documented. "but did it kill you?" ◉ What are drugs that are more than 90% bound to protein?. Answer: highly protein bound drugs
◉ When two Highly Protein-Bound Drugs are given together there is a concern for ____________. Answer: drug accumulation to occur and for toxicity to result. ◉ If you have 2 drugs, one 97% protein bound and the other 94% protein bound, which will likely attach to the receptor site?. Answer: 97% protein bound. The higher percentage-the faster one wins the race. ◉ Free Drug. Answer: is not attached-not having an impact-just loping around in the bloodstream-places the patient at risk for toxicity ◉ 2 highly bound protein drugs. Answer: 2 highly protein bound drugs-its going to be effective-the weakly protein-bound medication is not going to attach to a receptor-site-also puts patient at risk for toxicity. ◉ half life. Answer: the amount of time it takes for the drug to be reduced to half ◉ onset.
Answer: Are drawn just prior to the next dose of drug regardless of route of administration. ◉ Additive Drug Effects. Answer: When two drugs are administered in combination, and the response is increased beyond what either could produce alone.· In other words, DRUG + DRUG = 2 ◉ Synergistic Drug Effects. Answer: When two drugs are given together is substantially greater than that of either drug alone.· In other words, DRUG + DRUG = 10o More bang for your buck! ◉ It is common for the geriatric population to have _____________. Answer: o Multiple physicians o Multiple pharmacy (polypharmacy) ◉ You want the patient to at least. Answer: use the same pharmacy ◉ If a patient has multiple physicians or pharmacies _____________. Answer: - patient is at risk for drug overlaps
- you should call pharmacy to consult medication list
◉ Toxicity side effects for the geriatric population includes:. Answer: o Change in behavior o Change in mentality o Confusion ◉ If patient has not taken medications.... Answer: o NEVER assume. ALWAYS assess first. o Ask patient, "How is medications taken" o Find a way to ask about why medications have not been taken by not being judgmental ◉ Teaching and Administrating Nose Drops and Sprays. Answer: Hand hygiene· Advise patient to blow nose· Advise patient to tilt head back for drops to reach the frontal sinus and to tilt head to the affected side to reach the ethmoid sinus· Administer prescribed number of drops or sprays o Without touching the tip of the medication applicator to the nasal passages· Some sprays have instructions to close one nostril, tilt head to the closed side, and hold the breath or breathe through the nose for 1 minute.·
Answer: · Hand hygiene· Instruct patient to lie down or sit down and have them look at the ceiling. · Remove any discharge by gently wiping outward from the inner canthus. o Use a separate cloth for each eye.· Gently draw the skin down below the affected eye to expose the conjunctival sav. · Prepare patients by explaining that ointment will be placed in the eye, so they can help by not blinking.· Squeeze a strip of ointment onto the conjunctival sac o About ¼ inch unless stated otherwise o Medication placed directly on the cornea can cause discomfort or damage o Avoid touching eyelids or eyelashes with the applicator tip· Instruct patients to close their eyes for 2 to 3 minutes· Instruct patients to expect blurred vision for a brief time o If possible, apply at bedtime ◉ Administering Liquid Medication. Answer: · Read labels to determine whether diluting or shaking is required. · Pour desired volume of liquid so base of meniscus is level with mL increment on plastic cup. o View amount at eye level.
· Measure liquid medication in a mL syringe and squirt liquid into dosing cup. · Suspension/elixir (page 97)-Elixirs are sweetened, hydro alcoholic liquids used in the preparation of oral liquid medications. Emulsions are a mixture of two liquids that are not mutually soluble. Suspensions are liquids in which particles are mixed but not dissolved. · Tablets/Capsules (page 97)· IO=means intraosseous ◉ Rectal Suppository. Answer: · Remove foil from around suppository· Lubricate before insertion· Explain administration procedure to patient and provide for patient privacy· Place gloves on· Instruct patient to lie in the Sims position and to breathe slowly through the mouth to relax the anal sphincter.· During insertion, place the suppository past the internal anal sphincter ◉ IO. Answer: means intraosseous ◉ Topical.
Number of pills to be dispensed· Any special instructions for withholding or adjusting dosage based on nursing assessment, drug effectiveness, or lab results ◉ With questions that say "Which of the following client statements would require further teaching?". Answer: Those mean to look for the questions with the WRONG answer.
