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Galen pharm exam 3 Study Review Notes
1. loop diuretic: furosemide
2. furosemide clinical indication: peripheral edema
3. Furosemide side effects: Nausea, dizziness, electrolyte imbalance, muscle cramping, blurred vision
4. Furosemide adverse reactions: Hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension, hyperglycemia, hearing loss
5. Furosemide nursing considerations/ contraindications: Monitor serum potassium lev-els and
additional electrolytes, educate on s/s of hypokalemia, hyperglycemia. Contraindicated in patients with Sulfa allergy. Caution with diabetic patients, HF patients, hearing impaired
6. Potassium sparing diuretic: Spirolactone
7. Sprironolactone clinical indication: edema
8. Spironolactone side effects: Headache, muscle cramps, weakness, dizziness, GI discomfort
9. Spironolactone adverse reactions: Pulmonary Edema,
Hypertension, HF, ascites
10. Spironolactone nursing considerations/contraindications: Monitor serum potassi-
um, teach patient s/s of hyperkalemia. Contraindicated in patients with liver disease and renal dysfunction
11. thiazide diuretic: Hydrochlorothiazide
12. Hydrochlorothiazide clinical indication: hypertension
13. Hydrochlorothiazide side effects: Dizziness, headache, weakness, photosensitivity, muscle
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14. Hydrochlorothiazide adverse reactions: Orthostatic hypotension, severe hypokalemia, hy-
ponatremia
15. Hydrochlorothiazide nursing considerations/ contraindications: Monitor serum
potassium level, Monitor liver and renal function. Contraindicated for patients with DM, and hx of hypotension
16. Osmotic: Mannitol
17. Mannitol clinical indications: Cerebral Edema and ICP
18. Mannitol side effects: Headache, blurred vision, dry mouth electrolyte imbalance
19. Mannitol adverse reactions: Pulmonary edema, blood pressure, Renal failure
20. Mannitol nursign considerations/ patient teaching: Use extreme caution in HF patients.
Monitor I & O for therapeutic response, Monitor vital signs for therapeutic response
21. Alpha Adrenergic Blocker: Prazosin
22. Prazosin clinical indication: hypertension
23. Prazosin side effects: Dizziness, blurred vision, headache,
24. Prazosin adverse reactions: Orthostatic hypotension, Palpitations, elevated liver enzymes
25. Prazosin nursing considerations/ contraindications: Teach patient to change positions
slowly, monitor liver enzymes, monitor I & O and edema in lower extremities. Teach patient
26. Calcium channel blocker: Nifedipine
27. Nifedipine clinical indications: hypertension
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43. Lisinopril side effects: Headache, dizziness,Nagging cough
44. Lisinopril adverse reactions: Hypotension, syncope, hyperkalemia
45. Lisinopril nursing considerations/ contraindications: Teach patient s/s of hyperkalemia,
to check B/P and HR prior to taking medication. Notify the physician of nagging cough develops may need to change to ARB.
46. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs): valsartan
47. valsartan clinical indication: hypertension
48. valsartan side effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, fatigue
49. valsartan adverse reactions: Renal dysfunction, Orthostatic hypotension, elevated liver enzyme,
hyperkalemia rhabdomyolysis
50. valsartan nursing considerations/ contraindications: Monitor renal function, monitor
liver enzymes, monitor vital signs. Teach patient to change positions slowly.
51. Antitubercular: Isoniazid
52. Isoniazid clinical indication: latent TB infection
53. Isoniazid side effects: Drowsiness, tremors, dry mouth, GI discomfort, rash
54. Isoniazid adverse reactions: Peripheral neuropathy, Vit B6 deficiency, psychotic behavior,Hepa-
totoxicity
55. Isoniazid nursing considerations/ contraindication: Contraindicated in liver disease,
renal dysfunction, alcoholism. Monitor renal function, monitor liver enzymes. Teach patient to take 1 hours before or 2 hours after meals. Take on empty stomach
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56. Antitubercular: Rifampin
57. rifampin clinical indication: Used with Isoniazid for multi drug therapy to treat TB
58. rifampin side effects: Changes body fluids orange, permanently discolors contact lenses, GI upset
59. rifampin adverse reactions: Hepatotoxicity, renal dysfunction
60. rifampin nursing considerations and contraindications: Monitor, liver enzymes, renal
function, have vision and hearing checked.
61. Adrenergic Agonist: Pseudoephedrine
62. Pseudoephedrine clinical indication: Nasal decongestant, rhinitis, common cold
63. Pseudoephedrine side effects: Headache, restlessness, insomnia, GI distress
64. Pseudoephedrine adverse reactions: Hypertension, tachycardia, photosensitivity, palpitations
65. Pseudoephedrine nursing considerations/ contraindications: Contraindicated in
patients with hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmia.
66. Decongestant: Oxymetazoline HCL
67. Oxymetazoline HCL clinical indications: Nasal congestion
68. Oxymetazoline HCL side effects: Nasal irritation, dry nasal mucosa
69. Oxymetazoline HCL adverse reactions: Rebound congestion
70. Oxymetazoline HCL nursing considerations/ contraindications: Teach patient do
not use more than 3 days. Contraindicated for patients with hypertension, DM, hyperthyroidism.
7 / tions: Use caution in patients with asthma, and HF
86. expectorant: Guaifenesin
87. Guaifenesin clinical indication: expectorant
88. Guaifenesin side effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, irritability
89. Guaifenesin adverse reactions: Psychosis, respiratory depression
90. Guaifenesin nursing considerations/ patient teaching: Teach patients to increase
fluids up to 8 glasses of H20 per day to help loosen secretions. Educate patients on the use of OTC and self-medicating. Teach patients to notify MD if symptoms worsen.
91. Glucocorticoid intranasal: fluticasone
92. fluticasone clinical indication: Used for allergic rhinitis with an anti-inflammatory action.
Sneezing, congestion
93. Fluticasone side effects: Headache, epistaxis, GI distress
94. fluticasone adverse reactions: Dystonia, candidiasis
95. fluticasone nursing considerations/ contraindications: Teach patients to use to 1
spray daily.
96. Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist-Bronchodilator: albuterol
97. albuterol clincial indication: asthma
98. albuterol side effects: Nervousness, tremors, increased heart rate
99. albuterol adverse reactions: Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperglycemia
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100. albuterol nursing considerations/ contraindications: Caution in patients with cardiac
dysfunction, diabetes, anxiety, and hyperthyroidismEducate patient on how to properly use MDI.
101. Anticholinergic: tioptropium
102. tiotropium clinical indication: Used for the maintenance treatment of bronchospasm in patients
with COPD
103. tiotropium side effects: Headache, nausea, vomiting
104. tiotropium adverse reactions: Musculoskeletal pain, oral infections
105. tiotropium nursign considerations/contraindications: Teach patients how to take this
medication, teach patients to perform good oral care after each use.
106. Leukotriene Modifier: Montelukast
107. montelukast clinical indications: Used for asthma, allergic rhinitis. Used for exercise induced
bronchospasm
108. montelukast side effects: Headache, dizziness, drowsiness, restlessness, insomnia
109. montelukast adverse reactions: Suicidal ideations, Aggression
110. montelukast nursing considerations/ contraindications: Contraindicated in hepatic
disease, depression, alcoholism
111. Mucolytic: Acetylcysteine
112. Acetylcysteine clincial indication: Acts as a detergent to liquefy and loosen secretions
113. Acetylcysteine side effects: Nausea, vomiting, runny nose
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129. calcitriol adverse reactions: Anorexia, photophobia, dehydration
130. calcitriol nursing considerations/ contraindications: Contraindicated in renal failure
and cardiovascular disease. Monitor calcium level for therapeutic ettect
131. Glucocorticoid: prednisone
132. prednisone clinical indication: Adrenal insuflciency treatment of Addison's Disease
133. prednisone side effects: Fluid and sodium retention, GI upset, mood changes, flushing, increased
appetite
134. prednisone adverse reactions: Increased blood glucose levels, cardiac dysfunction, GI bleed
135. prednisone nursing considerations/ contraindication: Contraindicated in patients
with DM, renal dysfunction, MI, seizures. Long term use can lead to immune suppression and inflammatory response. Monitor blood glucose levels, weights and Cushing's syndrome
136. Mineralocorticoid: Fludrocortisone
137. : Given to supplement corticoids to help treat Addison's Disease
138. : Weakness, anorexia
139. : hypokalemia
140. : Monitor patients with cardiac disease. Educate patients on dietary considerations and encourage food high in
potassium
141. Insulin Lispro clinical indication: Used to treat hyperglycemia
142. insulin lispro side effects: Confusion, agitation, tremors, fatigue, hunger
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143. insulin lispro adverse reaction: Tachycardia, hypoglycemic reaction, ketoacidosis
144. insulin lispro onset, peak and duration of action: onset- Approximately 30 minutes
peak- 2.5-5 hours duration of action-4-12 hours
145. insulin lispro nursing consideration/ contraindications: Make sure patient has
food within 5 minutes of administration
146. Insulin Regular clinical indication: used to treat hyperglycemia
147. insulin regular side effects: Confusion, agitation, tremors, fatigue, hunger
148. insulin regular adverse reactions: Tachycardia, hypoglycemic reaction, ketoacidosis
149. insulin regular onset, peak and duration of action: onset-30-60 minutes
peak- 2-4 hours duration-6-10 hours
150. insulin NPH clinical indications: Used to treat hyperglycemia
151. insulin NPH side effects: Confusion, agitation, tremors, fatigue, hunger
152. insulin NPH adverse reactions: Tachycardia, hypoglycemic reaction, ketoacidosis
153. insulin NPH onset, peak and duration of action: onset-1-
hours peak-4-12 hours duration of action- 14-24 hours
154. Glargine insulin clinical indication: used to treat hyperglycemia
13 / nesis in the liver
168. metformin side effects: Metallic taste, GI upset, weakness and wt. loss
169. metformin adverse reactions: Lactic acidosis, Vit. B 12 deficiency, hypoglycemia
170. metformin nursing considerations/ contraindications: Teach patient to hold medica-
tion 24-48 hours before and after contrast.
171. Incretin mimetics: Exenatide
172. Exenatide clincial indications: Used to enhance insulin secretion and suppress glucose secretion
173. Exenatide side effects: Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting
174. Exenatide adverse reactions: Renal disfunction
175. Exenatide nursing considerations/ contraindications: Teach patient to administer via
injectable pen 2x daily. Has proven to improve A1C hgb levels
176. Hyperglycemic Hormone: glucagon
177. glucagon clinical indication: Used to treat hypoglycemia
178. glucagon side effects: Blurred vision, dizziness, headache, confusion
179. glucagon adverse reactions: Seizures, nightmares, anxiety
180. glucagon nursing considerations/ contraindications: Teach family to know s/s of
hypoglycemia. Teach family how to administer medication
