Dr. Rizwan Ahmed
Department of Nuclear Engineering
Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Contact: 3313
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]k
Measurement of Gamma Ray Attenuation
Coefficient and Buildup factor
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Gamma Attenuation Lab , Slides of Applied Chemistry
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Dr. Rizwan Ahmed
Department of Nuclear Engineering
Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Contact: 3313
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Measurement of Gamma Ray Attenuation Coefficient and Buildup factor
Topics of interest Gamma ray interactions (^) Photoelectric Effect (^) Compton Scattering (^) Pair production Detection System characteristics Applications (^) Radiation shielding (^) Attenuation Coefficient (^) Build up factor
Radiation Detection Radiations are detected by the physical or chemical effects produced in the Materials detecting radiations Ionization in Gases Ionization and excitation in certain solids Changes in chemical system Activation by neutrons
Radiation Detection Survey meters (^) Gas filled Detectors (^) Scintillation Detectors (^) (Counting, Energy Information) Personal Monitoring (^) Essential equipment of a radiation worker (^) Dose or Exposure (^) Pocket Dosimeters (^) Digital Alarm dosimeters
Guide Lines (^) No practice involving radiation exposure is adopted unless it produces some benefit to the exposed individuals or the society. (^) In relation to any particular source of radiation within practice the dose to an individual should be below an appropriate dose limit constraint. (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) (^) A limit should be applied to the dose received by an individual as a result of all such practices.
Time
Distance
Distance
ID id
Gamma ray Interactions Photoelectric Effect Compton Scattering Pair Production
E Z n p e C ec Z 2 . Z p p
Gamma ray Attenuation Attenuation Coefficient (^) For mixtures Mass Attenuation Coefficient (^) For mixtures pe C p p pe C p p N N N N
..
m n k k 1 n k k k k mix w (^1001) 1
Gamma Ray Attenuation (cont’d) Reference: Knoll. G.F., Radiation Detection and Measurement, 3rd edition, John Wiley & sons. Inc, 2000.
Gamma Ray Attenuation (cont’d) Reference: Knoll. G.F., Radiation Detection and Measurement, 3rd edition, John Wiley & sons. Inc, 2000.
Gamma Ray Attenuation (cont’d) Reference: Turner, J.E., Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection, 3rd edition, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2007.
Gamma Ray Attenuation (cont’d) Reference: Turner, J.E., Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection, 3rd edition, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2007.