Gardner's Art through the Ages, Lecture notes of Art

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Chapters 6-

The Etruscans and The Roman Empire

Gardner’ s Art through the Ages

Italy - Etruscan Period

Tumuli (Earthen covered mounds) in the Banditaccia necropolis, Cerveteri, Italy, seventh to second centuries BCE. These tombs often housed many generations of family members with earthly objects like furniture, kitchen utensils, mirrors, murals of life on Earth.

Interior of the Tomb of the Leopards, Tarquinia, Italy, ca. 480 – 470 BCE.

Figure 6-12 Capitoline Wolf , from Rome, Italy, ca. 500–480 BCE. Bronze, 2’ 7 1/2” high. Musei Capitolini, Rome. The two infants are 15th^ Century additions, Romulus and Remus.

Arch construction started in the late Etruscan period, but flourished in ancient Rome. Key words: Voussoirs, keystone and crown

ROMAN ART

• Roman architecture contributed to the expanse of the

Roman Empire.

• Much of Roman art and architecture communicates

ideas of power for the emperor and empire.

• Many of the changes in Roman art and architecture

came as a result of expansion of the Roman Empire

and the incorporation of the conquered cultures.

• The Romans took over Greece in 146 BCE. Much of

their artistic tastes in all art forms took their inspiration

from Ancient Greece

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RM2D7iJHWXQ
• Introduction to Roman Art

Temple of Portunus

(Temple of “Fortuna

Virilis”), Rome, Italy, ca.

75 BCE.

A blend of Etruscan

temple floor plan and

Greek Ionic columns

There is only the staircase

entrance at the front and

no freestanding columns

at the back of the temple.

Patrician with portrait busts of his ancestors, from

Rome, late first century BCE. Marble, 5’ 5 ” high. Musei Capitolini–Centro Montemartini, Rome.

Termed “Veristic” from the word verity or TRUTH

Roman

Portrait

Sculpture

Former Slaves Portraiture

• Freed slaves aspired to assimilate into Roman

society

• Commissioned funerary work that reflected the

elevation of their social status as freed slaves

• Slaves and former slaves could not possess any

family portraits by law, for their family was not of

property. Freed slaves were exempt.

Plan of a typical Roman house of the Late Republic and Early Empire, (2) atrium, (3)

impluvium, (rain water basin (4) bedrooms, (5) ala, (6)office, (7) dining, (8) peristyle

with garden

In Rome few of these houses existed, due to space constraints

Atrium and Peristylre of the House of

the Vettii, Pompeii, Italy, second

century BCE, rebuilt 62 – 79 CE.

Dionysian mystery frieze, Second Style wall painting, Pompeii, Italy, ca. 60 – 50 BCE. Fresco, frieze 5’ 4 ” high. Second style creates the illusion of space beyond the walls – as well as people.

Third Style wall painting, from the Villa of Agrippa Postumus, Boscotrecase, Italy, ca. 10

BCE. Fresco, 7’ 8 ” high. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Here it is a monochromatic background with fanciful or geometric linear designs