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Gastrointestinal Disorders Questions and Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2026 | With Expert Solutions
- GERD: Pathophysiology: reflux of gastric acid into esophagus Etiology: incompetent LES, hiatal hernia, delayed gastric emptying Manifestations: heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia Diagnostics: barium swallow, endoscopy Treatment: lifestyle changes, antacids, acid reducers
- Hiatal Hernia: Pathophysiology: stomach protrudes through diaphragm Etiology: weak diaphragm, increased abdominal pressure Manifestations: heartburn, epigastric pain, dysphagia
Diagnostics: same as GERD
bloody diarrhea, pain, fever, anemia Diagnostics:
colonoscopy, stool tests Treatment: anti-inflammatories, immunosuppressants, surgery
- Crohn's Disease: Pathophysiology: inflammation of any GI part, skip lesions Etiology: autoimmune Manifestations: non-bloody diarrhea, weight loss, pain Diagnostics: colonoscopy, imaging Treatment: immunosuppressants, surgery
- Diverticulitis: Pathophysiology: inflamed colon outpouchings Etiology: low fiber diet, aging
LLQ pain, fever, change in bowel habits Diagnostics: CT scan, barium enema Treatment: antibiotics, fluids, rest bowel
- Appendicitis: Pathophysiology: inflammation of appendix Etiology: obstruction (fecalith) Manifestations: RLQ pain, rebound tenderness, fever Diagnostics: CT scan, WBC Treatment: surgery (appendectomy)
- Cholelithiasis: Pathophysiology: gallstones in gallbladder Etiology:
obesity, sedentary lifestyle
Etiology: virus (A-E), alcohol, drugs Manifestations: fatigue, jaundice, dark urine Diagnostics: LFTs, serology Treatment: rest, diet, antivirals
- Cirrhosis: Pathophysiology: chronic liver cell destruction Etiology: alcohol, hepatitis, biliary disease Manifestations: jaundice, ascites, varices Diagnostics: LFTs, imaging Treatment: manage complications, transplant
- Acute Pancreatitis: Pathophysiology: pancreas auto digestion Etiology: alcohol, gallstones Manifestations: epigastric pain, N/V, fever Diagnostics: amylase/lipase, imaging Treatment: NPO, IV fluids, pain control
- Chronic Pancreatitis: Pathophysiology: progressive pancreatic destruction Etiology: repeated acute pancreatitis, alcohol Manifestations: pain, steatorrhea, diabetes Diagnostics: enzymes, glucose, imaging
