Download GCSE Science: Physics Unit 1 Summary with Resources and Past Questions on Energy Transfer and more Schemes and Mind Maps Energy Efficiency in PDF only on Docsity!
GCSE Science
Physics
Unit 1: Physics 1
Summary of the Content What I should be able to do^ resources Reference to past questions that indicate successful understanding and web links for further study. The use of kinetic theory to explain the different states of matter. The particles of solids, liquids and gases have different amounts of energy. Draw simple diagrams to model the difference between solids, liquids and gases. Describe the states of matter in terms of the energy of their particles. BBC learning zone web clip “change of state” Animation of particles P1.1.2 Kinetic theory powerpoint Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but cannot be created or destroyed. When energy is transferred only part of it may be usefully transferred, the rest is „wasted‟. Wasted energy is eventually transferred to the surroundings, which become warmer. The wasted energy becomes increasingly spread out and so becomes less useful. Describe the energy transfers and the main energy wastages that occur in a range of situations or appliances. Interpret and draw a Sankey diagram. BBC learning zone clip “energy efficiency in a leisure centre” http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/energy
- efficiency-in-a-leisure-centre/269.html Useful information on „Heat transfer and efficiency‟ can be found on the BBC website at www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aq a/energy v1 March 14
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered in 2 of 16 Reference to past questions that indicate successful understanding and web links for further study. To calculate the efficiency of a device using: Efficiency = useful energy out total energy in Efficiency = useful power out total power in Explain the concept of efficiency and why efficiency can never be greater than 100%. Use the equation to calculate efficiency as a decimal or percentage. P1 2.1 Energy transfers and efficiency powerpoint
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered in 4 of 16 Reference to past questions that indicate successful understanding and web links for further study. its surroundings, the faster the rate at which energy is transferred by heating. its surroundings. Be able to explain the design of devices in terms of energy transfer, eg cooling fins. Be able to explain animal adaptations in terms of energy transfer, eg relative ear size of animals in cold and warm climates. All objects emit infrared radiation. The hotter an object is the more infrared radiation it radiates in a given time. Dark, matt surfaces are good emitters of infrared radiation. Light, shiny surfaces are poor emitters of infrared radiation. All objects absorb infrared radiation. Dark, matt surfaces are good absorbers of infrared radiation. Light, shiny surfaces are poor absorbers of infrared radiation. Light, shiny surfaces are good reflectors of infrared radiation. State what infrared radiation is. Describe the factors which affect the rate at which an object radiates infrared radiation Explain the difference between radiation and absorption of infrared radiation. Describe the factors which affect the rate at which an object absorbs infrared radiation. Video clip about the discovery of infrared radiation http://www1.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?ti tle=Discovery_of_infrared_radiation&video_id= 189860 P1.1.1 Infrared radiation success criteria items powerpoint
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered in 5 of 16 Reference to past questions that indicate successful understanding and web links for further study. U-values measure how effective a material is as an insulator. The lower the U-value, the better the material is as an insulator. Solar panels may contain water that is heated by radiation State what a U-value is and what it tells us about the material as an insulator. Be able to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of material used for insulation, including U-values and economic factors including payback time. P1.1.4 Heating and insulating buildings success criteria items powerpoint.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered in 7 of 16 Reference to past questions that indicate successful understanding and web links for further study. Examples of energy transfers that everyday electrical appliances are designed to bring about. The amount of energy an appliance transfers depends on how long the appliance is switched on and its power. To calculate the amount of energy transferred from the mains using the equation: E = P × t To calculate the cost of mains electricity given the cost per kilowatt-hour (kWh). Describe the energy transfers that occur in electrical appliances. Use the equation to calculate the energy transferred from the mains to an electrical appliance, either in joules or kilowatt-hours. Calculate the cost of using individual appliances and also to interpret electricity meter readings to calculate total cost over a period of time. P1.3.1 Transferring electrical energy success criteria items powerpoint
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered in 8 of 16 Reference to past questions that indicate successful understanding and web links for further study. In some power stations an energy source is used to heat water. The steam produced drives a turbine that is coupled to an electrical generator. Water and wind can be used to drive turbines directly. Describe the purpose of the main parts of a power station. Relate the different energy sources which heat the water. These include: the fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) which are burned to heat water or air uranium and plutonium, when energy from nuclear fission is used to heat water biofuels that can be burned to heat water. State that, of the fossil fuel power stations, gas-fired have the shortest start-up time. Explain the advantages of pumped storage systems in order to meet peak demand, and as a means of storing energy for later use. Describe the basic principles by which wind turbines operate. P1.4.1 Generating electricity success criteria items powerpoint BBC learning zone video clip on renewable energy sources http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/renewable- energy-sources/474.html Video clips of renewable energy sources can be found at www.brainpop.com by searching for „biofuels‟. BBC GCSE Bitesize revision material can be found at
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered in 10 of 16 Reference to past questions that indicate successful understanding and web links for further study. Describe effects on the environment such as: the release of substances into the atmosphere the production of waste materials noise and visual pollution the destruction of wildlife habitats. Explain how carbon-capture and storage is a rapidly evolving technology. Explain that to prevent carbon dioxide building up in the atmosphere we can catch and store it; some of the best natural containers are old oil and gas fields, such as those under the North Sea. Evaluate different methods of generating electricity given data including start-up times, costs of electricity generation and the total cost of generating electricity when factors such as building and decommissioning are taken into account. The reliability of different methods should also be understood. BBC learning zone video clip about the best way to provide energy in the future http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/what-is- the-best-way-to-provide-energy-in-the- future/1446.html Electricity is distributed from power stations to consumers along the National Grid. Identify and label the essential parts of the National Grid. P1.4.2 The National Grid success criteria items powerpoint
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered in 11 of 16 Reference to past questions that indicate successful understanding and web links for further study. For a given power, increasing the voltage reduces the current required and this reduces the energy losses in the cables. The uses of step-up and step-down transformers in the National Grid. Explain why transformers are an essential part of the National Grid. BBC learning zone video clip about working to maintain the National Grid http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/working-to- maintain-the-national-grid/7407.html video clip about model transmission lines http://www.nationalstemcentre.org.uk/elibrary/resou rce/2085/power-lines The „normal‟ is a construction line perpendicular to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. The image produced in a plane mirror is virtual. Draw diagrams showing rays of light being reflected from a plane mirror, labelling incident and reflected rays, angles of incidence and reflection, and the normal. Explain how an image is formed by a plane mirror, and why it is virtual. P1.5.2 Reflection success criteria items powerpoint A video clip on wave reflection can be found on the BBC website at http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/wave- reflection/4554.html Waves transfer energy. P1.5.1 General properties of waves success criteria items powerpoint
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered in 13 of 16 Reference to past questions that indicate successful understanding and web links for further study. Waves can be reflected, refracted and diffracted. Waves undergo a change of direction when they are refracted at an interface. The terms frequency, wavelength and amplitude All waves obey the wave equation: v = f × λ Radio waves, microwaves, infrared and visible light can be used for communication. Explain the terms „frequency‟, „wavelength‟ and „amplitude‟ and be able to annotate a diagram to show these terms. State the order of electromagnetic waves within the spectrum, in terms of energy, frequency and wavelength. Describe the circumstances where a wave is reflected, refracted or diffracted. Complete wave-front diagrams for reflection, refraction and diffraction. State that waves are not refracted if travelling along the normal. Use the equation, knowing that v is speed in metres per second (m/s) f is frequency in hertz (Hz) and λ is wavelength in metres (m). A video clip on wave refraction can be found on the BBC website at http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/wave- refraction/4555.html Interactive video clip can be found on BBC GCSE Bitesize „An introduction to waves‟ at www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aq a/radiation
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered in 14 of 16 Reference to past questions that indicate successful understanding and web links for further study. Describe situations in which waves are typically used for communication, eg: radio waves – TV and radio (including diffraction effects) microwaves – mobile phones and satellite television infrared – remote controls visible light – photography. „Sending Information‟ can be found on BBC GCSE Bitesize at www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aq a/radiation
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered in 16 of 16 Reference to past questions that indicate successful understanding and web links for further study. universe is expanding and supports the „Big Bang‟ theory. Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) is a form of electromagnetic radiation filling the universe The „Big Bang‟ theory is currently the only theory that can explain the existence of CMBR. wavelength. Explain how „red-shift‟ provides evidence that the universe is expanding. Explain that the „Big Bang‟ theory indicates that the universe began from a very small initial point. Explain that CMBR comes from radiation that was present shortly after the beginning of the universe. bang/12236.html
