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General Biology I Spring Exam Q&A 2024, Exams of Biology

Abilene Christian University (ACU)Biology

Questions and answers for the general biology i spring exam 2024. The questions cover topics such as polymers, reversible reactions, acids, fatty acids, and protein structure. Students preparing for the exam can use this document as a study resource.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 04/09/2024

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GENERAL BIOLOGY I SPRING EXAM Q & A 2024
1. Which of the following polymers that we have discussed form branched chains?
a. DNA polymers
b. Proteins
c. Carbohydrates
d. All of the above.
2. Consider a reversible reaction between reactant A and product B.
A B
In an equilibrium mixture for this reaction, 40% of molecules are present as reactant
(A). If we start with a mixture that contains 30% product (B), which of the following
best describes what will occur over time for the reaction as written above?
a. The net reaction will proceed spontaneously from left to right, consuming energy
along the way.
b. The net reaction will proceed spontaneously from left to right, releasing energy
along the way.
c. The net reaction will proceed spontaneously from right to left, consuming energy
along the way.
d. The net reaction will proceed spontaneously from right to left, releasing energy
along the way.
3. In living organisms, most acids are classified as weak acids. Which of the following
two acids is likely to donate the largest number of protons if equal amounts of each
were placed into water and allowed to reach equilibrium?
a. Acid 1 with pKa = 4.3
b. Acid 2 with pKa = 7.2
4. In regards to the previous question, the solution containing which acid would have the
higher pH?
a. The solution with Acid 1
b. The solution with Acid 2
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GENERAL BIOLOGY I SPRING EXAM Q & A 2024

  1. Which of the following polymers that we have discussed form branched chains? a. DNA polymers b. Proteins c. Carbohydrates d. All of the above.
  2. Consider a reversible reaction between reactant A and product B. A B In an equilibrium mixture for this reaction, 40% of molecules are present as reactant (A). If we start with a mixture that contains 30% product (B), which of the following best describes what will occur over time for the reaction as written above? a. The net reaction will proceed spontaneously from left to right, consuming energy along the way. b. The net reaction will proceed spontaneously from left to right, releasing energy along the way. c. The net reaction will proceed spontaneously from right to left, consuming energy along the way. d. The net reaction will proceed spontaneously from right to left, releasing energy along the way.
  3. In living organisms, most acids are classified as weak acids. Which of the following two acids is likely to donate the largest number of protons if equal amounts of each were placed into water and allowed to reach equilibrium? a. Acid 1 with pKa = 4. b. Acid 2 with pKa = 7.
  4. In regards to the previous question, the solution containing which acid would have the higher pH? a. The solution with Acid 1 b. The solution with Acid 2
  1. The fatty acid composition of three triglyceride samples are analyzed, and the following results are obtained: Sample % Saturated % cis-unsaturated A 40 60 B 55 45 C 65 35 Which of the samples is likely to have the highest melting temperature? a. Sample A b. Sample B c. Sample C
  2. In regards to the previous question, which sample is most likely to be a liquid at room temperature? a. Sample A b. Sample B c. Sample C
  3. When nonpolar substances are placed into water, they often aggregate. What is thought to be largely responsible for this? a. Van der Waals interactions that occur between the nonpolar substances are much stronger than the interactions that occur between nonpolar substances and water. b. Aggregation of nonpolar substances minimizes the ordering of surrounding water molecules. c. The number of Hydrogen bonds that occur between adjacent nonpolar molecules is maximized.
  4. A DNA strand with the sequence 5’-TGGCAG-3’ would have a complementary RNA strand with which sequence? a. 5’-CTGCCA-3’ b. 5’-ACCGUC-3’ c. 5’-CUGCCA-3’ d. 5’-ACCGTC-3’
  5. In a polymer of double-stranded DNA, 40% of all nitrogenous bases are adenine. What is the percentage of guanine bases in the same polymer? a. 5% b. 10% c. 20% d. 40% e. 60%
  1. When a chain of 50 nucleotides is broken down into individual monomers, molecules of water are. a. 50; consumed b. 50; released c. 49; consumed d. 49; released
  2. Which of the following amino acid side chains is most likely to be frequently present on the surface of a soluble protein that is present in the cytosol? Side chains are shown bonded to the alpha carbon. The remainder of the amino acid is not shown. C C 

C C

OH

(a) (b) (c) (^) (d)

  1. The amino acid sequence below is contained in a beta strand of a protein. Amino acids are abbreviated using their three-letter codes. N-Cys-Gln-Arg-Ser-Thr-Lys-Gly-C Which of the following two amino acid side chains are located on the same surface of the beta strand and are pointing in the same direction? a. Gln and Gly b. Arg and Lys c. Cys and Ser d. Arg and Thr
  2. When two or more beta strands line up side by side, they form a structure called a beta sheet. What is the predominant force that stabilizes the side-by-side arrangement of adjacent beta strands in a protein? a. Hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms. b. Hydrogen bonds between side chain atoms. c. Both a and b

Shown below is a short chain of amino acids at pH = 7. Five functional groups have been labeled 1-5. 1 H 3 N H 2 H 2 C C C C H 2 H 2

NH 3 CH

H 3 N O C H 2 C CH 2 CH 2 HN CH 2 CH C O (^) NH H 2 O C^ CH^ O C C^ C 4 H^2^5 O O

  1. How many alpha carbons are present in this structure? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
  2. Which labeled functional groups correspond to the N-terminus and C-terminus of the above peptide sequence? a. N-terminus = 1; C-terminus = 4 b. N-terminus = 1; C-terminus = 5 c. N-terminus = 2; C-terminus = 4 d. N-terminus = 2; C-terminus = 5 e. N-terminus = 3; C-terminus = 4 f. N-terminus = 3; C-terminus = 5

Scientists use a quantity called “Gibbs Energy” to describe changes in total entropy that accompany a chemical reaction. The more Gibbs energy is released, the greater the increase in total entropy. Consider the following reversible reaction: A B The graph below plots the changes in the amount of reactant A that occur spontaneously over time in a reaction mixture that contains 90% A at time zero.

  1. Between which time points do you expect the largest amount of energy to be released? a. Between time zero and t 1 b. Between time zero and t 3 c. Between t 1 and t 2 d. Between t 1 and t 3
  2. If the same reaction were studied in the presence of an enzyme added at the start of the reaction, which of the following would you expect to observe? a. The total amount of Gibbs Energy released between time zero and time point t 3 would be higher compared to the uncatalyzed reaction. b. The total amount of Gibbs Energy released between time zero and time point t 3 would be lower compared to the uncatalyzed reaction. c. The total amount of Gibbs Energy released between time zero and time point t 1 would likely be higher than in the uncatalyzed reaction. d. The total amount of Gibbs Energy releaased between time zero and time point t 1 would likely be lower than in the uncatalyzed reaction.

Cell Structure

  1. In prokaryotes, the and are part of the , but the is not. a. nucleoid; ribosomes; cell wall; cytoplasm b. ribosomes; nucleoid; cytoplasm; cell wall c. cell wall; ribosomes; cytoplasm; nucleoid
  2. Some members of domains Eukarya and Bacteria contain a. chloroplasts. b. cell walls. c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b
  3. In which region of a eukaryotic cell would you expect to find ribosomes? a. The lysosomes. b. The mitochondria. c. The Golgi apparatus. d. All of the above.
  4. In which of the following newly-made eukaryotic proteins would you expect to see disulfide bonds? a. A soluble protein that performs its function in the cytosol. b. A soluble protein that performs its function inside the nucleus. c. A soluble protein that performs its function inside the mitochondria. d. A soluble protein that performs its function in the Golgi apparatus.
  5. Which of the following is NOT a main function associated with the eukaryotic cytoskeleton? a. Alignment of chromosomes during cell division. b. Transport of organelles to different regions of a cell. c. The synthesis of proteins in the cytosol. d. The movement of cells. Membranes
  6. If the cholesterol concentration in the plasma membrane increases at body temperature, this will a. increase fluidity. b. Increase the strength of VDW interactions between adjacent lipids. c. Increase the lateral mobility of phospholipids.
  1. Tranexamic acid is a small molecule drug that is used to prevent excessive blood loss. Its structure is shown below, along with the pKa values of two functional groups. pKa = 10. O OH pKa = 4. The drug is sometimes administered as a solution with a pH between 6.5 to 8.0. In the space below, draw the structure of tranexamic acid that is present in excess in this pH range in a solution that contains a large number of tranexamic acid molecules. Draw the entire molecule.
  2. The curve below shows the result of a FRAP experiment in which the mobility of a fluorescently labeled membrane protein was studied. Photobleaching occurred at time point t 1 and maximum fluorescence recovery was achieved by time point t 2. If the same experiment were carried out in a membrane that contained a substantially higher amount of cis - unsaturated fatty acids, draw the curve you would expect to see on the same graph. H 3 N
  1. Consider the following reversible reaction: A + B C + D Keq < 1 The graph below shows the change in concentration over time for the above reaction. Given the information provided above, label on the graph below which line corresponds to reactants (A+B), and which line corresponds to products (C+D).
  2. On the graph below, draw the same reaction if it started out with a 50:50 mixture of reactants and products at time zero. Correctly label your lines as reactants and products.