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Genetics Test- Freshman Biology
Typology: Exams
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heredity the passing of traits from parent to offspring genetics the study of how traits are passed on allele Alternate forms of a gene gene A sequence of DNA that determines a trait and is passed from parent to offspring
trait A specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another genotype An organism's genetic makeup phenotype An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. dominant allele An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. recessive allele An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
Recessive Allele An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present Homozygous Having two identical alleles for a trait Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a trait Genotype An organisms genetic makeup, or allele combinations
Phenotype The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its genotype Incomplete dominance A blended phenotype. One allele is not completely dominant over the other Codominance both alleles of a gene are present in the phenotype Sex linked when traits are determined by alleles on the sex chromosomes (Hairy Ears on Males only in the Lab) Gregor Mendel The father of genetics - Experimented with pea plants
Genetics the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring; the scientific study of how genes control the characteristics of plants and animals gene a section on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait dominant gene genes that are in control of what characteristics living things show recessive genes genes that are usually not seen, unless found in pairs
trait a notable quality or feature of a living thing Hybrid anything of mixed origin; mixed, assorted Punnett square a model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring inherited characteristics A characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring. Heterozygous A genotype with two different size letters. Ex. Bb Homozygous
Cross The exchange of genetic material during reproduction. DNA A molecule that contains the genetic instructions to make each organism. Gene A part of DNA that carries information that determines your traits. Chromosome In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread- like structures called ___________________. Each is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure. Offspring
F generation; Product of reproduction, a new organism produced by one or more parents multiple alleles three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait Ex: Blood type and skin color ~Remember in lab we had to flip multiple times) polygenic traits characteristics that are influenced by more than one pair of genes ( eye color~ Remember in lab we had to flip for boths A's and B's)
