Geography Class 10th ICSE Notes, Study notes of Geography

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—— =e Lis Clrenate of Tntte [= (hve / 4 Hebes} Month — month wrth max. temp: 2S) Coldest Month — month wrth cain-temp- BNI Wetlest Month rash’ Get, htghest eratnfall AY Dates} Month > month with lowest rainfall Syl Manual Rainfall = sum of varnfall Cem) GY Range of damnp = max lemp = pain Jermp (7c) On which coast deus the station \xe % (2) Eas Coost kagh, voinfall ta month of Oct to Noy Se Dec te Feb [NE morsoan & “sinds I - Gi) West Coost > high srafnfall ta month of “June to Sept Csi monsoon winds 1° 8Y Does the statron lies im the inkerror ov extertor Cemastat ) & | (2) Take of or = “range of bemp: lah C>20%c) Lib es AwWauy fram sea] [Exbvemne Cltmote 1: Ga) Exley? or — Tonge. of temp - low C <20° c) Lekts neay ho sea] [Equable Cl feeds 1- =p one [|2/6 24 : j a 7 ——— SSS = 5) QY {Month (Temp. Rotefalll’ 4 Hotlest Month > Tune ( Aatcy | ae | cm : Ten |-401 |. -9 29 Coldest Month - Jan Gore) Feb | 4 1 | ( Monch | 28 9) SY MJellest Month > Bug A om)! Anat\ | 35 5 May 394 115 AY Defect Month > Moreh CO em) Tune | 42 is uly | AO.) 44 57 Nenval ~cange of Lemp = Al-10 Ava | 33 | 94 | > 39% feat | 30 | 291 em Nov | 12} 10 Dec Jai | 2 FP Which winds bifng vrafinfall to slate = Sid MONSOON Winds pt hecause of } ———_S\I_ monsaan winds -) 4 i Stobton hes ta axles ox Inlevtor! ktor Che caper, |, gh crange of 4 aid any sea.) | | ___.. | IMP Noles zl | Climate of India ~ Tropical Monsoon ——— Mawsynvan vece2ues “Wont doeebtaleate vot Pecasdh a ts sthuabed on the ee ee gid Khast hells: Clocafed ¢n Meghalaya): _— 34) Factors aflecltng Atha 'lClamade of Tad > } (3) = My Icey —— an Ait) bude —> Temp, ermeanes uth encvease io alts, at rake of ATC Cour oxen) 166 m Cov) De ¢ i Cv) \Western de Trop? Qa + v $$ Shee | Four seasons of Indta —> [Wet dea” CMarch =Mau) , (Gamenaessei2) (ay), state ee Nowe 9 local ufinds wh? ch blows during Leb season — a 4Y Kale Ratsakhy->- B] Blows %, Agel [May i * Good for Desam Z “Teo corp — * West Bengal ~> Rice & sd le 2¥ Loe ™ + hot dusty d <4 U8nds hi Ls en May & Tun Oly une &n Nowhorn port —— ‘called Sond ‘Skavms? Mango showers > + “occur dn South Trdea. dung — on {*4me Low ] ein |e henry blossoms? Tn Keron _ 4 prceno. | & / DATE /\3/6/2. Cfowt TY Ques!?an 4) Queskfan avid Proswoer 19 What racy be Ne posible reason For Yhe “bel lous Bomrooh2 erafins in “90 23 0 Glabal Worrnating 5 d E\ Nino effect : 2¥ Dusting which months of the year Hives most of Tindtce. | : oveceiue major amount of ts rafntall 2 i Tone +o ‘Sepkenabexr : — anceas( WilWhat as the source of winler ratnfall tn each of follousting Coa) Punta * Western dis hcndsenaen oxi foaking tn Medtheava = debe aeahon / Temperate Cyclones: Chiltanst) Nadu NE winter monsoon | RelreaSing monsoon: AY | Gave a veasan for each of Pre Following is Co) || Kerala gets nvoinfall Grom the surmmrer monsoons exuieds | he Lorre ae prades Kerala ltes %in tha Sid of Yne counbyy where Pow SW Mons oOn diets sheke faved. The und He advances te | Loe Nowth and veaches ular pradesh | | Cb) \tchakhar obnann wee cords a low pauses. orange of emp : — | Tt has a coastal locatian and expertences ye moderating Rnvence of Cea’ ; PAGE “ 7 Noles one [14/6 /24 Gy Characlerislies of Sl) monsoon — O-rearaphtc. = ee Tecrads ie 3) Uncertofin Us in exenlu ds sdethubed Seedonali 2 Kock? 25 Wwocrrnecr Pron Murabal « Decause tt ts near ty equator: Why Gs Thor a desseerkeh Quid duse Aravalt %s parallel fo SW monsoon winds ad at hes high Ae oripectas bree so Yoo wr does not get sotuynted - Q Cimotstuy fate wich? de) S\) Monsoon Rokn @n 7 Drakfan Sea Boranch — Western Ghats 4 — Kerala ees = Puno & Ragasthan Z | 2 Bou of Bengal = Rofn Ph — Andaman & Nicobar & Sm8lanko — Garo Khas? Wo n- Ka ells a Gangcr Plazas 5: Sort Resources Key Words ~ Pedagenes?s ~ Process of Sor] Formation: Soil > loose matergal whech forms uppesmost Joajere of Each: G Supports [rhe {Topsoil —Upperme ny layer of sot conststing of humus WwW ich i¢ very Serle - Leacking = Process Sa cahtch heauy rofnfall washes Away top sot containing altca Howey maktng L p soe infertsle Hlomus > ook Oraacic_mateatal tn sor pacodluced by! deconpastion of veqelables lar Seval aalle RY gs ‘escential | tolthe ra Inky ofasotl J Sotl_Enoston > The vemoval. of 1Bosofl by ‘ate? agents of -wenthertng Ike ‘tad Q" water + Cotl_Concervadton sofl- evasion or reduce vale of soi) evoston | Reason Out the following ~ Alluygal oil is exbremelu Lerdgle - 2 as th contains minerals lke limne | aotash, Saron aid humus oh is Vota ad © sullfogent depth. ° xe ne we d annually | weplentshed bu | + Lvansported soil suhtch | butag alang late ot mineral Le /sth ° non pomails rnoisbure oy wale relardive C Mlovivm- if all: minerals are precent- % ‘ - * — notes pace No, /- (Ve CSS [ome | 77] ENO WO dD Sol (defenation) Pedogenests > > (Leftnadinn) EO pe Source Composition of Saal > 4s Thong anic. Components (7) Silt Ca =small caystal ane. grains L rnain -constttuent of sand in en en FDetued Frome cistnlegration of ncks— GD Clay — - enaxdune o€ silicates & minerals —? rretotns moisture — (a1) Chalk (Caletorn Carbadals) =provides most essential element fox plant groutth >caleiuen Organic Conaponents — (deGnatton)— not_a mineral helps cot to vetafn moisture hele plant bo “daw essential nutrients Ly Lyoun sofl cof glee contatns mtisture & oly Sof) _Exosfon — (deLenatvon) dashorbs a g-rtc lho pattern, & shoul mh be pve verted: Causes — Running Wale Coatme factor) (3) S plas | | | = | | EA DATE J / L mtd en = — =, (ta) Sheet > Lave bo (seauy warns - a surface Glin of water Carries uicy the even surface layer of toosofl as 9} moves : ? Hilly regfons > ronal a4. & Nol otw Hells (mn) Gully 7 Rell—> Im ao 4 Care dull develostog inks. R ‘anne Clo culling steep Si ie walle Qs ob. xuns off - reut UD cronseulhy ral. land {oto bad land where no cullival§on | Chambal Ravints? “Grea where river flaius) passthle. \Wind roccuvs on Pa aAds) which experience windy dey Season For a post of the uear : upper sotl surface hecames loose 2x susceptible to wind e-vosion due ty lack. of mofstuse - * Dessert Nevarazt ng = + sot devard of vegetation ts dive clly exposed to utd - id wind evOSOn Occurs as ve Lo? AY Men, Plants and Animals Man actives > consbructon work ploughing cutting frees zy Smals —¥ Overqaazina ] | Uperocking of slants > Cecile in dismacliing of _sofl 5y Foully Methods of Raatcuthure 4 Shetling agaicullure fn NE India. Lack of crop srckalton + Wrong al eughting | 2 Clasdficalton of sel. = Tndtan Counckl of Agzcfc ives wal. Reape CTCAR) sel, 9! Ol \ India Sok} Susue 4 Commebter %n 195 3° — » Th- stu > . | Formed & found Ss ace = - C37 Blok Red, akh qk = Ad: 6 lo piste ele rat Agric burl paoducts & & Ff armed difen 9, lace Eg> Alluvial ps Po gul alfon: Khadaw / ee | Bhanhow 1 Sf Con | iconstst+ of newer alluvium consist of al alder ‘allavtum YiContaga Line sand Ke clay. 2 conbagin Kankas pebblesd | ay More Seattle. Yvan Bhangar gravels C ginlese * Lay less Fevtile Yaar Khadas A Fane below Sood level AY Bundt above Flood level of of vers So ae plentshed xiveys- by load duntag. ecatny bream RNR vy sinned! 1 -lloale brown ~ Donte 2 wown | Alluvial Sails of 4 | Noth Tndeo South Tnd?a. 4 4 1 pole byawon §n colour 4Y Doyk brecan fn colour 2, Rivertne Alluvtum _2Y Dellate Alluyium EN Sulttable Lor Wheat Crop a 3Y suthable Poy Rice Crop J re | Leaching (defenalfon) -> Labentle soa — an = | PAGE No. — Blase. Vegetads on = L Forest = Renewable Resources — [21-02 Jo | of botal Area L 4| Mointofn Ecolegecal baloacene 2 “| Reduce PollutPan: Maintain Huwidaby 2 J Purity Agr 4 Source of friths | Hourers gucer Suu L 5 Derenrentatise lwapeserincie & nse cts + t Pragde Habtoat Lo voviely of Ud Aéimals exds Fmivonmental Factors affec!$na Natural Veothaton | 44 Prount of Rainfall co Timbre For House mok?ng , fo, ng, 2) Relief fyutt, Ruel | kerk hes 5 — Porontde. E: Joyment bo 5 (Tl Forests based on Roinfall Peonle mpeg L ~ Source oF Income to Govt. | =| f -R maherfal to man 4 Ow) 1 TRoprca, FEverGReeN Talishetes CPapet) S| Shelter Bor Wild |? fe 4 “Climate & ~ Sanchory Lor Beyds 4 Temp -» 95°C tn 24°C! ~ Prevent Floods Retnball > Move than 200 cms Roots of Trees hold Area [States : _ Sol Together > sai ese \es tem past of Weskern Ghats’ | Kaw nataka 1 Kerala» Tt Eachern Hmalayas NE > Assam Lslls ( Garo, Khost Tayantia) caple ameminickay Talal LL. oe : ; ATE J / = 2) Decrpous Monsoon /Troprca, Decrpvous “| C\Smoate % Es “Tem p “> sputiiranees DBT 4 Rornfall = bet? SO oteOO! cms 3 | Avea *% b Delt ccunning Gerbil along Western Chalsie EL 4 Shivaltk Ranges t q Chotanag ou Plodeny {States Behar UP MP Odtsha we toes i Mant pur, Tafpuva Mizovarn Assam Ponts of a & Ne cabin Tslards a Chavacte ris}? cs 5 Q\_Shed there leaves Lay 6-8 weeks duaing Spang? (Marth | Apr’) when sufhecPent Mo%slune” Fore beanuer isnot available » ( baie) 4 Subset] water nol enough borne bot there leaves, 7 North Lemnpecrabe One. whe} Ye re leaves 9 in Buku, (qr) Powe stondss (Same dupe of trees) (ww) Occupy larcqe areas “Yhan Evergreen Forests (sy) Mast Tinp ‘Ecsoontically @ as Urea, yeild Valuable Ashes g other eeariail puoducks GQ) Good wosreact Facal?ites © | Spectes 8 || Othes —» Mango, Tackbaott | Palas Tend, Mohuo. 5 Gnd many 5 ~Brmlas —=——= ————— = [row] / = 7 = ee —— mY Teak ~ —— —- Construction of Houses & - Shepbeldeng HORE nRea xe gt yg oleate dewmwnebamessecle av Rustraessn regis. Maharashtna Mp Assam Od? sha ; Beh cine & TN Sal ~lhavd & Resesleble to Whple Pints» Railway Sleepers: & House building. Behav ™? ue Odesha Tripura Baan (Nlorcth NE" ® Cenbvah sadead . wey Sandal wood _ : a for hed? omafts & Carving a_Orh s used {0 Reems | & CasmeHes a Karnatolea . WV Seraul 4 a Sot & Whete Matchboxes. Tous’ Packtng Ca Sess. & Papen I Muacab al On +t, Fruit Poy Tanning beable & Ducting pularposes 4} yf Me. Odisho Mahasashtg TN Telangana Y Bp acme les wy! Evcaluntus Kanna aka fot Status ~ t al = Shy Os Lape Tndusbry. raw mobevtal) 7 ' = le —_ —— Scrup & Tunen 4 Clemate 3 epee NOSSO Bo"C | Rofnfall —> sabepeeme a res QOneare Q Dreas/ Stales 3 4 Nw) pow 4 Ratasthan \Werlern Horvana & Portals Katoh 4 Cha-vrac dents le cs & Low scrub — small Heshy heaves y Stone | Trees tapering t Shyube LuPth Long Rooke & ‘Thorns ° Species ° KhaPa- ( Same ac before) TUld Do ) forests based on Relteh I Areas | States % o) tHPmalauas (From Kashmir to Assam) Nilotet & Bnnuvmalog Hells 2 Choractenislees § tt Conctsk of Maxed Dectduous "& Conthevous Forests X=] Occever ?n Transtlfon Zone a Soecfes © KleSievuce’ — Geidionver Eaelaobus-ns el as a Oaks 9 Bamboo” Walnuke Elen M1 Chr pte. ised. For Eybracdfon of Restn & Turpentine = gueripaed 4 Mak?na packing cases of Teou VP Soca Puntab & Kashmir YL elven FP Contfevous: }oee Paper | pule matches Packfna cases. Ns & ” Ereunheoets Iimaladas YI Deod aa S| \wood ‘is Olu Durable & Saanterky 4 pamela Sleebens & Hoose Consbruct9on- 7 kmachal Pradesh & Kashar ff Pp py