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Georgia History Legislative Exam, Academic Program,
Academic Year 2026 – Study Guide and Practice Questions
What are the 5 major regions of Georgia? - correct answer ✔✔ Coastal Plain, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Plateau, Ridge and Valley Location of the coastal plains? - correct answer ✔✔ Atlantic ocean to the fall line What is the coastal plains commonly called? - correct answer ✔✔ Pine Barrens What percent of the land does the coastal planes cover? - correct answer ✔✔ 60% Description of the coastal plains land characteristics? - correct answer ✔✔ Flat and the soil is sandy Piedmont nickname? - correct answer ✔✔ Foothills, upland, or upcountry region What percent of the land does the piedmont cover? - correct answer ✔✔ 30% Piedmont land characteristics? - correct answer ✔✔ Rolling hills, fertile land, most populous land Blue ridge location - correct answer ✔✔ Northeast the blue ridge Blue ridge characterized by - correct answer ✔✔ Its rocky slopes
Plateau location - correct answer ✔✔ Northwest Plateau characterized by - correct answer ✔✔ Both flat and gently sloping land Smallest region of Georgia - correct answer ✔✔ Plateau Ridge and Valley location - correct answer ✔✔ North between the Plateau and Blue Ridge Ridge and valley land characteristics - correct answer ✔✔ Rich soils, growth of various handwoods, good land for pasture Describe where the native Americans lived in the Mississippian Period - correct answer ✔✔ They lived near rivers and in places with long growing seasons and large deer populations. They increased their reliance on agriculture ehich lead the perminant settlement Why did native Americans build storehouse - correct answer ✔✔ To store all the extra agriculture goods Once the native Americans settled in permeant locations then how did they live? - correct answer ✔✔ Built houses of clay and built large earthen mounds What are the native Americans often referred to as? - correct answer ✔✔ Mound Builders What type of society was there during the Mississippian period? - correct answer ✔✔ Stratified and hierarchical
Leader of the first trustees to settle - correct answer ✔✔ Oglethorpe Who gave Oglethorpe permission to settle in that area? - correct answer ✔✔ The Indian chief of the area Tomochicho Where did Oglethorpe first settle - correct answer ✔✔ Savannah, Augusta and Fort Frederica Oglethorpe's role - correct answer ✔✔ Leader of settlement. Commanded his troops in the war of Jenkins ear and the battle of bloody marsh Who was the war of Jenkins Ear between? - correct answer ✔✔ England and Spain Who won the battle of bloody marsh - correct answer ✔✔ British won over the Spanish Where was the battle of bloody marsh fought? - correct answer ✔✔ Near Fort Frederica Who were the malcontents and was was their primary demand? - correct answer ✔✔ Change for the restrictions on landownership and the prohibition of slavery Slaveries impact on Georgia development - correct answer ✔✔ Slaves made up almost half of the entire population and was the main argument between the trustees and the settlers Who were Georgias three royal govenors and a description of each - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Captain John Reynolds- not long bc unpopular
- Henry Ellis-modding like heat so he left
- James Wright- longest serving most capable and influential Describe the economy under royal government - correct answer ✔✔ Self government, bicameral Voting rules under the royal government - correct answer ✔✔ only white males who owned 50 acres could vote How did Georgia's boundaries change between 1733-1775 - correct answer ✔✔ Went from being between savannah and the altar aha river to being extended to St. Mary's River. Originally extended from Atlantic to Pacific, the western boundary was set at the Mississippi River Why was Georgia last to join the billion against Great Brittian? - correct answer ✔✔ Depended on great Brittian for protection, they were only colony to obey great Britain's stamp Act Who from Georgia signed the Declaration of Independence. Which lost their life in a duel? - correct answer ✔✔ George Walton, Lyman Hall, Button Gwinnett 2 provisions for the Constitution of 1777 - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Unicameral legislative
- Governor was elected by the legislative Assembly Obstacles the Whigs faced during the Revolutionary War - correct answer ✔✔ British occupation of control, lots of fighting
What Georgian led the fight against the Yazoo sale? - correct answer ✔✔ James Jackson How did Georgia distribute the rest of its land after the Yazoo fraud? - correct answer ✔✔ Through a land lottery By the Compact of 1802, in exchange for ceding its western lands to the federal government, what did Georgia get? - correct answer ✔✔ Promise from the federal government to remove the remaining Native Americans Name Georgia's capitals 1733-1865 (first to last). - correct answer ✔✔ Augusta 1776 Louisville 1796 Milledgeville 1806 Why did Georgia support the decision to go to war against Great Britain in 1812? - correct answer ✔✔ First, they hoped to use the war to gain control over Spanish-held Florida. Second, they hoped to use the war to gain territory still under Creek control. Explain the difference between the two Creek factions in Georgia and Alabama. - correct answer ✔✔ The Upper Creek (called the Red Sticks) was located in northern Alabama. The Lower Creek was located in western Georgia. Why did the Red Sticks go to war in 1813? In what battle were they decisively defeated? - correct answer ✔✔ To regain some of their lost land. Battle of Horseshoe Bend With what two men, who represented the Creek nation, did Georgia most often negotiate? Why? - correct answer ✔✔ William McIntosh and Alexander McGillivray
What happened to William McIntosh? - correct answer ✔✔ Executed by the Creek for his actions The Cherokee were considered the most advanced of the Southeastern Native American groups. Why? What symbols of progress had the Cherokee developed by 1830? - correct answer ✔✔ They established a written constitution and an elected government. They created a bilingual newspaper (the Cherokee Phoenix). They owned houses, operated mills, farmed, ran inns; some became lawyers and teachers. What effect did the discovery of gold at Dahlonega have on the process of Cherokee removal? - correct answer ✔✔ It hastened the events as thousands of whites rushed into the area, hoping to strike it rich. How did the Cherokee resist removal? Why did it fail? - correct answer ✔✔ The Cherokee chose as their method of resistance the U.S. Court system. President Jackson refused to enforce the court's decision. What was the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia? - correct answer ✔✔ Ruled that Georgia's laws could not apply in the Cherokee- controlled lands. What did the Treaty of New Echota do and who signed it? - correct answer ✔✔ Committed the Cherokee to giving up land in exchange for land in Indian Territory (Oklahoma). Signed by Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot. What accounted for Georgia's prosperity in the antebellum period? - correct answer ✔✔ Cotton and slavery culture
Who were poor/landless whites? - correct answer ✔✔ Barely survived on what they could produce. But poor and landless are not the same thing. Although once labeled as poor white trash, a landless white is defined as an individual who does not own property. This could include: young men yet to inherit, tenant farmers who rented land, urban laborers, skilled artisans, or mechanics. Explain why Free Persons of Color were said to inhabit a "middle ground." - correct answer ✔✔ They were neither slaves, nor were they completely free. What's the gang labor system - correct answer ✔✔ They worked from sunup to sundown under the supervision of an overseer. What's the task system? - correct answer ✔✔ Slaves were required to complete a certain number tasks on any given day. Once they had completed those tasks, they were allowed to help family members or work on their own gardens. The task system allowed slaves greater autonomy from their masters. What type of work did most slaves in Georgia perform? - correct answer ✔✔ They worked on cotton plantations What were the advantages for a slave living on a large plantation? - correct answer ✔✔ being part of a community: family relationships and networks of friendship and kinship. What position did Georgia take regarding the Compromise of 1850? - correct answer ✔✔ They accepted the compromise. What did the South gain with the Compromise of 1850? - correct answer ✔✔ A tougher new fugitive slave law. The issue of slavery in the rest of the
territory was to be decided by popular sovereignty, thus allowing the people of a territory to decide the issue of slavery. Explain the origins of the Georgia Platform. What did it state? Why is it significant? - correct answer ✔✔ Stated that Georgia accepted the compromise as the best possible outcome given the circumstances. Which Georgian ran on Stephen Douglas' presidential ticket in 1860? - correct answer ✔✔ Herschel V. Johnson In what ways did Georgia serve the confederacy - correct answer ✔✔ Contributes manpower, money, and supplies What roles did Georgia hold in the confederate government - correct answer ✔✔ Served in the military, What important roles did Georgians hold in the Confederate government? List individuals and offices held. - correct answer ✔✔ Lt. General William Joseph Hardee Maj. General William Henry Talbot Walker Major General Joseph Wheeler What did Joseph Brown do during the Civil War? - correct answer ✔✔ Governor Brown called for peace. He opposed the army's impressments of goods and especially slave laborers. He established a mini-welfare system with officials What type of fighting occurred in Georgia between 1861-1863? - correct answer ✔✔ coastal Georgia experienced several raids and continuous gunboat skirmishing
acts of intimidation caused a change in the control and nature of Reconstruction. black codes, and increasing acts of intimidation caused a change in the control and nature of Reconstruction. What was the goal of the Black Codes? - correct answer ✔✔ to keep freedmen in a condition as close to slavery as possible. Why was the capital of Georgia moved to Atlanta? - correct answer ✔✔ Because the capitol Milledgeville hotels refused to house African Americans coming to the convention to write a new constitution. What groups made up the Republican coalition? - correct answer ✔✔ African Americans, white businessmen carpetbaggers, and small white farmers from northern mountain counties Name significant individuals in the Republican coalition. - correct answer ✔✔ Joseph Brown Rufus Bullock Henry McNeal Turner How did Georgians justify African American expulsion from the General Assembly in 1868? - correct answer ✔✔ While the Constitution of 1868 gave African Americans the right to vote, it did not explicitly give them the right to hold office. Why did Georgia undergo a third reconstruction? - correct answer ✔✔ Camilla Massacre How did the shortage of currency lead to sharecropping? - correct answer ✔✔ Initially the goal was to establish a cash wage labor system. However, the
shortage of hard currency made paying cash wages impossible. Sharecropping was in part a compromise between freedmen who desired landownership and planters who needed cheap labor. The laborer was provided a plot of land to cultivate. At harvest time, he was to receive a share of the proceeds from the sale of the crop--usually one third. What does the term "solid south" mean? - correct answer ✔✔ one party political system in the South Which political party was most dominant in the South? - correct answer ✔✔ the Democratic party controlled southern politics Who wanted to replace the Constitution of 1868? Why? - correct answer ✔✔ Georgia's political leaders called Bourbons wanted to eliminate many of the symbols they linked to Republicans and Reconstruction. Describe the basic characteristics of the Constitution of 1877. - correct answer ✔✔ extreme conservatism and anti-industry/business restrictions. The framers sought to retain power in the hands of rural counties at the expense of urban ones. What was the purpose of the County Unit System? - correct answer ✔✔ insured that rural counties would be able to control the General Assembly in spite of urban population growth. What was Henry Grady's vision of a New South? - correct answer ✔✔ sectional reconciliation and political stability, the South accepted the postwar racial settlement How did Grady attempt to attract northern investment? Was it successful? - correct answer ✔✔ He told northern businessmen that the war was over, slavery was over, and that southerners were working hard to build up the region economically and were willing to put their resentment behind them.
Which of the following best describes the impact of Plessy v. Ferguson? - correct answer ✔✔ that separate railroad cars and facilities did not violate the Constitution as long as the facilities were equal. What violence did African Americans face? - correct answer ✔✔ lynchings and race riots How did Georgia prevent African Americans from voting? - correct answer ✔✔ poll taxes, literacy tests, early registration requirements, and the white primary (an election open to whites only). What occurred during the 1906 gubernatorial campaign? - correct answer ✔✔ rumors of assaults on white women by black men. Both candidates for governor, Clark Howell and Hoke Smith, exploited racial scares. In September, young white men took matters into their own hands and attacked African American communities within the city. What was Booker T. Washington's message in his "Atlanta Compromise" speech? - correct answer ✔✔ a message of accommodation, black self-help and economic self-sufficiency What was Georgia's position on prohibition? - correct answer ✔✔ supported reforms and the first southern state to enact prohibition Prior to the 20th century, what type of school system existed and why? - correct answer ✔✔ common school system When did Georgia get increased funding for education? Who was responsible for this? - correct answer ✔✔ In 1906, the Georgia General Assembly approved a thirty percent increase in educational appropriations and high schools were added to the state funding system.
What was Georgia's record on child labor? - correct answer ✔✔ By 1920, Georgia had more working children than any other state in the nation Name and explain the accomplishments of women during the Progressive era. - correct answer ✔✔ In 1912, Savannah native Juliette Gordon Low established the Girl Scouts. University of Georgia had granted women full admission to its undergraduate programs. In 1922, Georgia appointed the first female U.S. Senator--Rebecca Latimer Felton, Who was Leo Frank? - correct answer ✔✔ the Jewish manager of a pencil factory plant in Atlanta. what was Leo Frank accused of? - correct answer ✔✔ The murdur of Mary Phagan, a 13 year old factory worker. What happened to Leo Frank? - correct answer ✔✔ He was hanged by the Knights of Mary Phagan, men from Phagan's hometown of Marietta. How did the Ku Klux Klan of 1915 differ from the Ku Klux Klan of Reconstruction? - correct answer ✔✔ Much like the KKK of 1915 it maintained its racial stance against African Americans, in addition they showed opposition to Jews, Catholics, and foreigners. It became such a force in state politics across the South and West What is significant about Richard Russell? - correct answer ✔✔ The first governor who had to deal with the disastrous effects of the depression, the youngest Georgia governor and he reorganized government and made it more efficient What was the Great Migration? - correct answer ✔✔ The movement of African Americans out of the South
What were some of the more important Georgia military contributions? - correct answer ✔✔ Georgia had the second largest number of military bases in the nation What were the significant industries which contributed to the war effort? - correct answer ✔✔ Bell Aircraft Corporation, military bases and shipyards How did changes in the state's economy effect its population? - correct answer ✔✔ the population of most rural counties in Georgia declined while the population of the state's urban counties increased. What was the Two Governors Controversy? Who benefited the most? - correct answer ✔✔ Eugene Talmadge vs. Ellis Arnall. Accreditation of Georgia's colleges. Ellis Arnall won the governorship because he campaigned on the promise that he would remove the University System from the political whims of the governor Characterize Ellis Arnall's achievements as governor - correct answer ✔✔ Georgia's colleges and universities once again received accreditation, a major revision of the Constitution of 1877, elimination of the chain gang, and reform of the prison system. Georgia became the first state to grant eighteen year olds the right to vote. Why was World War II an important turning point in the Civil Rights Movement? - correct answer ✔✔ African Americans joined to fight against Germany and Japan, integration the armed forces and specifically the increase in manufacturing jobs and the urbanization of the population, aided the progress of civil rights. What specific forms of discrimination did the NAACP challenge? - correct answer ✔✔ victims of racial oppression. the organization focused on challenging the institution of separate but equal by proving that separate was not equal.
What was Georgia's first reaction to Brown v. Board of Education? - correct answer ✔✔ Georgia's governor and the General Assembly prepared to close its schools rather than submit to integration. What was HOPE? What was its purpose? - correct answer ✔✔ HOPE: Help Our Public Education keeping schools open for their children. What was the role of the Sibley Committee? - correct answer ✔✔ To study the school situation, hold hearings, take testimony across the state and provide recommendations How did the various civil rights groups help bring out change? Success? - correct answer ✔✔ by increased activism on the part of the federal government. Yes, The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited racial discrimination in public facilities. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 committed the federal government to provide federal examiners in counties with histories of discrimination. Why did Georgia get rid of the County Unit System? What effect did this have on the political system? - correct answer ✔✔ Gray v. Sanders, the US Supreme Court declared the county-unit system unconstitutional. gubernatorial election was held on the basis of popular vote How did Jimmy Carter attempt to end the debate on race? Did it? - correct answer ✔✔ Carter stressed reform over racism. His stance on race also enhanced Georgia's national image. Characterize Lester Maddox? What progress was achieved while he was governor? - correct answer ✔✔ restaurant owner and outspoken segregationist
