L A N C A S T E R U N I V E R S I T Y
2009 EXAMINATIONS
Part II
PHYSICS - Paper 4.B ( 2 hours )
•An indication of mark weighting is given by the numbers in square brackets following
each part.
•Candidates should answer question 1 (40 marks) and TWO questions from questions
A2 to A4 (40 marks each).
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
Planck’s constant h= 6.63 ×10−34 J s
~= 1.05 ×10−34 J s
Boltzmann’s constant kB= 1.38 ×10−23 J K−1
Mass of electron me= 9.11 ×10−31 kg
Mass of proton mp= 1.67 ×10−27 kg
Electronic charge e= 1.60 ×10−19 C
Speed of light c= 3.00 ×108m s−1
Avogadro’s number NA= 6.02 ×1023 mol−1
Permittivity of the vacuum ǫ0= 8.85 ×10−12 F m−1
Permeability of the vacuum µ0= 4π×10−7H m−1
Gravitational constant G= 6.67 ×10−11 N m2kg−2
Bohr magneton µB= 9.27 ×10−24 J T−1(or A m2)
Bohr radius a0= 5.29 ×10−11 m
Gas constant R= 8.31 J K−1mol−1
Acceleration due to gravity g= 9.81 m s−2
1 standard atmosphere = 1.01 ×105N m−2
please turn over
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