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Gizmo Student Exploration: Cell Types Name:
Vocabulary: ATP, bacteria, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), cell, cellular respiration, compound light microscope, eukaryote, multicellular, muscle cell, neuron, organelle, photosynthesis, prokaryote, protist, red blood cell, root hair cell, tissue, unicellular, white blood cell Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
- How do you know if something is alive? Describe some of the characteristics of living things. You know if something is alive if it has cells or DNA
- Humans, plants and mushrooms are all alive. What do these organisms have in common? They each have cells or DNA Gizmo Warm-up
In the Cell Types Gizmo, you will use a light microscope to compare and
contrast different samples. On the LANDSCAPE tab, click on the Elodea
leaf. (Turn on Show all samples if you can’t find it.) Switch to the MICROSCOPE tab to observe the sample as it would appear under the microscope. By default, this microscope is using 40x magnification.
- Drag the Coarse focus slider until the sample is focused as well as possible. Then, improve the focus with the Fine focus slider. What do you see? I believe that I see the the skin of the elodea leaf
- Select the 400x magnification. If necessary, adjust the fine focus. Now, what do you see? After the 400x magnification, I believe that I see the cells of the leaf.
The individual chambers you see are cells, the smallest functional unit of an organism.
Get the Gizmo ready: On the LANDSCAPE tab, click on the woman’s right arm to choose the Human skin sample. Select the MICROSCOPE tab. Activity A: Observing cells Introduction: Complex organisms are made up of smaller units, called cells. Most cells are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Microscopes are used to magnify small objects, so here you will use a compound light microscope to observe the cells of different organisms. Question: What are similarities and differences between cells from different organisms?
- Match: Read about each microscope part. Match the description to the part on the diagram. B Stage : Platform where a slide is placed. A Eye piece : Lens at the top of the microscope that the user looks though. This lens most commonly magnifies a sample by 10x. C Coarse focus knob : Large knob that moves the stage up and down to focus the sample. D Fine focus knob : Small knob that moves the stage over a short distance to refine the focus. E Objective lens : A second lens that further magnifies the sample. Microscopes usually have several objective lenses with different magnifications. The total magnification is the product of the eyepiece magnification and the objective lens magnification. F Slide : A rectangular piece of glass upon which a sample is mounted for viewing under a microscope.
- Manipulate: With 40x selected, use the Coarse and Fine focus sliders to focus on the sample. Then, choose 400x and focus on the sample using the Fine focus slider. A. Which focus knob is easier to use at 40x? coarse focus 400x? fine focus B. Turn on Show labels. What structures can you see in human skin cells? I see nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane C. Turn off Show labels and turn on Show scale bars. The scale bar has a width of 20 micrometers, or 20 μm. (There are 1,000 micrometers in a millimeter.)
- Observe: An organelle is a cell structure that performs a specific function. Observe the samples below under the highest magnification. Click the Show labels checkbox to label the organelles. List the organelles and approximate size of the cells in each sample. Sample Organelles Estimated size (μm) Mouse skin Chloroplast, Nucleus, Cell wall, cytoplasm, Vacuole, cell membrane. 60 um Fly muscle Striation, cell membrane, nucleus, Cytoplasm 80 um Maple leaf Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, cholorplast. 80 um
Elodea Cell wall, cell membrane,
cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, chloroplast. 60 um Fungus Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, septum, vacuole, 80 um What do all of these samples have in common? Each of the cells have a nucleus In eukaryotic cells, genetic material is contained inside a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus. Plant and animal cells are classified as eukaryotes.
4. Observe: Click on the cow and observe E. coli under the highest magnification. Notice the
microscope magnification is larger for this organism, and notice the scale bar is smaller.
A. What is the approximate size of E. coli? 60 um
B. What organelles are present in E. coli? Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm,
fagellum, pilus, nucleoid.
C. What organelle is missing from E. coli? A
nucleus
E. coli is an example of a bacteria. Bacteria are classified as prokaryotic cells because
their DNA is not contained in a membrane-bound nucleus.
- Compare: Look at the Sand/silt sample under the microscope.
- Observe: Select the human neuron sample. Focus the cells at 400x. Turn on Show labels. A. Click on the axon label to read the description. What is its function? A long projection that carries electrical signals away from the cell body
This study source was downloaded by 100000834430951 from CourseHero.com on 01-17-2022 19:30:14 GMT -06: https://www.coursehero.com/file/94975733/01-Gizmo-Student-Exploration-Cell-Typesdocx/ A. What is the function of a dendrite? A long projection that carries electrical signals away from the cell body Neurons transmit messages in the form of electrical and chemical signals, through axons and dendrites, from one part of the body to another.
- Compare: Select to the human muscle sample. Observe the sample at 400x. A. What do muscle cells have that other cell types do not? striation B. What is a striation and how does it help muscle cells function? The myofibrils inside muscle cells contain proteins that contract and expand the muscle. The arrangements of these proteins make the muscle cells appear striated
- Compare: Select the human blood sample. Observe at 400x. Look under Show information on the right-hand side of the Gizmo. A. What is the function of red blood cells? They carry oxygen from the lungs to different parts of the body. B. What is the function of white blood cells? Protect the body against infection by bacteria and viruses. C. What organelle is missing from the red blood cells? The special structure.
- Compare: Compare the human and animal samples (human and mouse skin; human and worm neurons; human and fly muscle; human and frog blood). A. In general, are there any major differences that you can see? Explain. The only major differences I see are the special structures or the few different organelles in each. What organelle do frog RBCs have that human RBCs do not? The frog RBCs have a nucleus, while the human RBCs doesn't.
This study source was downloaded by 100000834430951 from CourseHero.com on 01-17-2022 19:30:14 GMT -06: https://www.coursehero.com/file/94975733/01-Gizmo-Student-Exploration-Cell-Typesdocx/
- Extend your thinking: Many types of cells, such as the ones in this activity, live together in groups, called tissues. A tissue is a group of similar cells that together carry out a specific function. Describe how the skin cells, neurons, muscle cells, and blood cells you have observed relate to the functions of skin, nerve, muscle, and blood tissue. They relate because they each have cells that contribute to each of the listed and allow them to function.
