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GNRS 610-ADVANCED PATHO-EXAM 2|AZUSA
PACIFIC UNIVERSITY|ACTUAL 76Qs&As|GRADED A+
What are opportunistic microorganisms? A. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus, that live symbiotically with their host. B. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus that takes advantage of certain opportunities to cause disease. C. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus that are that help protect their host by fighting bacteria. D. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus that keep other microorganisms from entering the body. B. A bacterium, virus, protozoan or fungus that takes advantage of certain opportunities to cause disease. A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation. Which of the following types of immunity was compromised? A. Innate immunity B. Inflammatory response C. Adaptive immunity D. Specific immunity A. Innate immunity
A child fell off the swing and scraped the right knee. The injured area becomes painful. What else will the nurse observe upon assessment? A. Vasoconstriction at injured site B. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site C. Pale skin at injured site D. Edema at injured site D. Edema at injured site The microorganisms that make up the normal human flora are important for: A. Regulating inflammation B. Secreting bacteriostatic substances C. Activating white blood cells D. Preventing the colonization and multiplication of pathogens D. Preventing the colonization and multiplication of pathogens A nurse recalls the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response through the process of: A. Chemotaxis B. Endocytosis C. Degranulation D. Opsonization C. Degranulation
D. Increasing platelet-activating factor C. Decreasing prostaglandin production A 25-year-old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with extensive soft tissue injury. The pain associated with the injury is related to: A. Histamine and serotonin B. Kinins and prostaglandins C. Vasoconstriction D. Immune complex formation B. Kinins and prostaglandins A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Cultures of the bacteria revealed lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface. Which of the complement pathways would be activated in this case? A. Classical pathway B. Lectin pathway C. Alternative pathway D. Kinin pathway C. Alternative pathway
A nurse is preparing to teach on the subject of opsonins. Which information should the nurse include? Opsonins are molecules that: A. Are composed of fatty acids B. Regulate inflammation C. Degranulate mast cells D. Enhance phagocytosis D. Enhance phagocytosis A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with a parasite. Which lab result should the nurse check for a response to the parasite? A. Monocytes B. Eosinophils C. Neutrophils D. Macrophages B. Eosinophils During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known as: A. Opsonins B. Acute phase reactants C. Antibodies D. Phagolysosome
A. Active B. Passive C. Innate D. Cell-mediated B. Passive Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for an opportunistic infection? A. 18-year-old with diabetes B. 70-year-old with congestive heart failure C. 24-year-old who is immunocompromised D. 30-year-old with pneumonia C. 24-year-old who is immunocompromised A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. A possible cause of this condition is: A. Hypergammaglobulinemia B. Increased maternal IgG C. Immune insufficiency D. Decreased maternal antibody breakdown, resulting in hyposensitivity C. Immune insufficiency
When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as: A. A reduced immune response found in most pathologic states B. A normal immune response to an infectious agent C. An excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen D. Antigenic desensitization C. An excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen A 5-year-old female takes a hike through the woods during a school field trip. Upon returning home, she hugs her father, and he later develops poison ivy. Which of the following immune reactions is he experiencing? A. IgE-mediated B. Tissue specific C.Immune complex D. Cell-mediated D. Cell-mediated When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs? A. Autoimmune
A 30-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting fatigue, excessive sweating, and increased appetite. Physical examination reveals protruding eyes, and laboratory testing reveals hyperthyroidism secondary to autoantibody production. This disorder falls into the category of type _____ hypersensitivity. A. I B. II C. III D. IV B. II Several prisoners are experiencing symptoms of tuberculosis. A tuberculin reaction test was ordered. This test is an example of type _____ hypersensitivity. A. I B. II C. III D. IV D. IV A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes in urine color. Laboratory testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney
inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present? A. Anti-LE antibodies B. Antinuclear antibodies C. Antiherpes antibodies D. Anti-CMV antibodies B. Antinuclear antibodies An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the infant's history and physical? A. The mother was exposed to measles. B. The father was exposed to Agent Orange. C. The baby is Rh positive. D. The baby was born 6 weeks prematurely C. The baby is Rh positive. A 31 year-old-female has been complaining of increased fatigue, weight gain, and getting cold easily over the past few months. Upon review of her lab work, you noted levels of low TSH, low TH (T4), but high TRH. What condition do you conclude she has? a. Hyperthyroidism b. Primary Hypothyroidism
a. Nervousness and irritability. b. Decreased heart rate c. Heat intolerance and increased sweating. d. Weight gain. e. Exophthalmos. a. Nervousness and irritability. e. Exophthalmos. The alpha- and beta-thalassemias are inherited in an _____ fashion. a. autosomal recessive b. autosomal dominant c. X-linked recessive d. X-linked dominant a. autosomal recessive A patient has been researching telomere caps on the internet. Which statement indicates the patient has a good understanding? The presence of telomere caps gives cancer cells: A. The ability to divide over and over again B. Clonal distinction
C. Limited mitosis D. Mutation abilities A. The ability to divide over and over again Of the following genetic lesions that cause cancer, which is the most common? A. Insertions B. Deletions C. Point mutations D. Amplification C. Point mutations A nurse recalls the basic components of DNA are: A. Pentose sugars and four phosphate bases B. A phosphate molecule, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases C. Adenine, guanine, and purine D. Codons, oxygen, and cytosine B. A phosphate molecule, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases
C. Messenger RNA D. DNA polymerase D. DNA polymerase Which of the following mutations have the most significant effect on protein synthesis? A. Base pair substitutions B. Silent mutations C. Intron mutations D. Frameshift mutations D. Frameshift mutations Mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence and thus have no consequence are termed _____ mutations. A. Frameshift B. Spontaneous C. Silent D. Missense C. Silent
When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, which of the following occurs? A. Neurofibromatosis B. Nondisjunction C. Polyploidy D. Conjoined twins B. Nondisjunction A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? A. Biploidy B. Triploidy C. Tetraploidy D. Aneuploidy C. Tetraploidy After a geneticist talks to the patient about being a chromosomal mosaic, the patient asks the nurse what that means. How should the nurse respond? You may _____ genetic disease(s).
D. Pregnancy in women over age 35 An XXY person asks the nurse what this genetic disorder is called. What is the nurse's best response? This disorder is _____ syndrome. A. Turner B. Klinefelter C. Down D. Fragile X B. Klinefelter What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. A. Down syndrome B. Cri du chat syndrome C. Turner syndrome D. Klinefelter syndrome C. Turner syndrome
A 5-year-old male presents with mental retardation and is diagnosed with fragile X syndrome. When the parents ask what caused this, how should the geneticist respond? This was most probably caused from: A. Translocation B. Inversion C. Nondisjunction D. Duplication at fragile sites D. Duplication at fragile sites A couple has three offspring: one child with an autosomal dominant disease trait and two who are normal. The father is affected by the autosomal dominant disease, but the mother does not have the disease gene. What is the recurrence risk of this autosomal dominant disease for their next child? A. 50% B. 33% C. 25% D. Impossible to determine A. 50%
