GOAL-SETTING & PLANNING: PRINCIPLES, TASK, ACTIVITIES, & SKILLS, Summaries of Social Work

Download GOAL-SETTING & PLANNING: PRINCIPLES, TASK, ACTIVITIES, & SKILLS and more Summaries Social Work in PDF only on Docsity! GOAL-SETTING & PLANNING: PRINCIPLES, TASK, ACTIVITIES, & SKILLS Goal A goal is the desired result that a person plans and commits to achieve. Goal Setting Goal setting involves the development of an action plan designed to motivate and guide a person or group toward a goal. TYPES OF GOALS SHORT TERM - A short-term goal is something you want to do in the near future. The near future can mean today, this week, this month, or even this year. LONG TERM - A long term goal is that goal which takes a long time to achieve. SMART GOAL S - SPECIFIC M - MEASURABLE A - ACHIEVABLE R - REALISTIC T - TIMELY CREATING SMART GOALS SPECIFIC - Goals should have expected outcomes stated as simply and clearly as Possible. MEASURABLE - Include how you will know if you have met your goal. ACHIEVABLE - Goals should have outcomes that are realistic given your current situation, and available time. RELEVANT - Goals should help you on your journey toward meeting larger, ultimate life outcomes. TIME-BOUND - Goals should include realistic timeframes for achievement. PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL WORK PURPOSEFUL EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS - Recognition of the clients need to express feelings freely. - Worker listens purposely. - Sometimes worker actively stimulates and encourages expression of feelings. CONTROLLED EMOTIONAL INVOLVEMENT - Makes effort to understand their meanings. - The worker is sensitive to client's feelings. - Controlled emotional involvement in the client as a person. ACCEPTANCE - The recognition of client's innate dignity worth, equality, basic rights, and needs - Acceptance does not mean approval of the client's behavior, attitudes, or standards. INDIVIDUALIZATION - The recognition and understanding of each client's unique qualities. - Individualization is based on the right of human beings to be individuals. NON-JUDGEMENTAL ATTITUDE - Based on the conviction that the helping process precludes:  assigning guilt or innocence  degree of client's responsibility for causation of the problems and needs. CLIENT SELF-DETERMINATION SOW 111 CASEWORK - Based upon the right of the individual to make their own decisions and choices. - Worker has a duty to respect that right, in theory and in practice. CONFIDENTIALITY - The protection of secrets/private information disclosed in the professional relationship. - Confidentiality is the basic right of the client. SKILLS OF THE SOCIAL WORK PROFESSIONAL Empathy - Empathy is defined as “the act of perceiving, understanding, experiencing, and responding to the emotional state and ideas of another person. Self-awareness - Recognizing another's circumstances, or looking at the world through their lens, is part of engaging in self-awareness. Boundary Setting - The ability to set and maintain professional boundaries is critical to an effective, sustainable career in social work. Active listening - Active listening is necessary for social workers to understand and identify a client's needs. Social Perspective - Social worker must be sensitive to body language, social cues, implications, and cultural patterns of behavior. While some clients may clearly state their needs and work toward solutions in a focused manner. Critical Thinking - Social workers must be able to objectively evaluate each case by collecting information through observation, interviews, and research. Thinking critically and without prejudice enables social workers to make informed decisions, identify the best resources and formulate the best plan to help clients. Implementation, Evaluation, and Termination of the Helping Relationship IMPLEMENTATION - The intervention involves the rendering of all the specific and interrelated services appropriate to the given problem situation in the light of the assessment and planning. - It includes all the goal-related activities that the worker will undertake following the agreement forged with the client based on the problem to be worked on and the plan of action to be pursued. Interventive Roles in Direct Practice Resource Provider - engages the worker in the direct provision of material aid and other concrete resources that will be useful in eliminating or reducing situational deficiencies. Social Broker - This interventive role involves the process of negotiating the "service jungle" for clients, whether singly or in groups. The worker links or connects the client to needed services in the community. Advocate - The term advocacy comes from the legal profession. Like the lawyer, the worker has to take a partisan interest in the client and his cause. She cannot remain neutral. Enabler - The enabler role involves the social worker in interventive activities that will help clients find the coping and helper for which help is being either sought or offered. Important Terms Problem solving - is the process of finding alternatives and applying the one best solution. Problem - a complex issue needing to be overcome. Alternatives - available possibilities to overcome a problem. Solution - is the best possible alternative to solve a problem. Element of the Problem-Solving Model  The Person  The Problem  The Process  The Place The Person - The person is viewed as a product of inherited and constitutional makeup in continuous transaction with potent persons and forces in life experiences. The person is thus a product of the past, but in no sense is viewed as a finished product. The Problem - The issue is simply a problem in the current life situation of the help- seeker which disturbs or hurts the latter in some way. The Place - This means the particular organization, agency or social institution, the purposes of which define its functions, services, and its areas of social concern. The Process - The type of helping approach, method, or technique that is acceptable to the client is identified. Two Factors: 1. Relationship 2. Diagnosis and Goal 1. Relationship - Relationship is used by Perlman to mean all relationships between caseworker and client. She points out that whatever is the problem, the helping relationship should combine caring, concern, acceptance, and expectation of the client with understanding, know-how, and social sanction. 2. Diagnosis and Goal Diagnosis in this model focuses on: a) the person's motivation, capacity and opportunity, including an assessment of what factors and forces deter or thwart these; and b) the persons in the client's problematic role network. PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL - The primary goal of the model is to help a person effectively as possible with problems in carrying cope as on social tasks and relationships which are perceived, felt s stressful, and found insuperable without outside help. DIRECT PROVISION MODEL - "Also called "resource provision model" - Poverty situation in the country calls for the direct provision of various forms of material assistance. - Others refer to this as "resource provision, " where "resources may be mobilized, created, directly furnished; where the client may be advised and counseled in making optimal use of them. " Goal:  The goal of this model, according Schneiderman, is the enhancement of client social functioning through the direct provision of material aid useful in eliminating or reducing situational deficiencies.  Goal is enhancement of client social functioning through the direct provision of material aid. Examples are cash assistance, shelter, medical care. PSYCHO-SOCIAL APPROACH - "Explores the physical, psychological and social aspects of the client and their situation. - Psychosocial problems include the broad spectrum of all complaints which are not strictly medical or somatic. They affect the patient’s functioning in daily life, his or her environment and/or life events. - Assessment of problems and strengths; in meeting financial and other basic needs; in family interactions, social support, etc. - Understanding the impact of these factors can help identify and develop interventions to improve client's wellbeing and functioning. PHASES IN THE PSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACH A. Initial Phase 1. Understanding the reasons for the contact. 2. Establishing a relationship. 3. Engaging the client in the treatment (two primary aspects of this are motivation and resistance). 4. Beginning treatment itself (writers who identify with this approach submit that treatment begins on the first interview). 5. Psychosocial study (gathering the information needed for the psychosocial diagnosis and guidance of the treatment). B. Assessment of the Client in His Situation - The diagnostic process consists of a critical scrutiny of a client-situation complex and the trouble concerning which help is sought or needed for the purpose of understanding the nature or the difficulty with increasing detail and accuracy. Three types of diagnosis used in this approach: 1. Dynamic: an examination of how different aspects of the client's personality interact to produce his total functioning; the interplay between the client and other systems; the dynamics of family interaction. 2. Etiological: the cause or origin of the difficulty, whether preceding events or current interactions; usually multiple factors in the person-situation configuration. 3. Classificatory: An effort to classify various aspects of the client's functioning and his place in the world including, if possible, a clinical diagnosis. This may include classifying individuals according to socioeconomics class, race, ethnic background and religion, social class status by way of education, occupation, and income. 2 Treatment Process 1. Indirect treatment - The worker intervenes directly in the environment of the client by: a. Obtaining needed resources - which can involve her in the following roles: resource provider; resource locator; interpreter of client's needs; mediator; advocate; resource creator; and/or b. Modifying the client's situation - when change in the client's situation environment is necessary. 2. Direct treatment - This involves direct work with the client himself, or what Hollis describes as "the influence of mind upon mind. " Six Procedures of Intervention by Hollis 1. Sustaining (supportive remarks) 2. Direct influence (suggestion and advice) 3. Catharsis or ventilation (discharge of pent-up feelings and emotionally charged memories) reflective consideration of the current person- situation configuration (helping the client). 4. To understand better present functionings in current relationship) 5. Encouragement of client to reflect dynamics of his response patterns son or tendencies (helping the client to think about behavior causes) 6. encouragement of client to think about the development of response patterns or tendencies (helping the client understand the contribution of the functioning). FAMILY-CENTERED APPROACH Family-Centered Approach - The family is the unit of interest. - In the Phil., casework is family- centered/oriented. - It means that human beings can be understood and helped best in the context of family. - A family-centred approach is a way of working in partnership with families to better understand their circumstances, and to help parents decide what strategies will best suit their children and families. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FAMILY- CENTRED APPROACH  Support works best when you understand each family’s individual goals and values.  Parents know their children and their family best.  All families have strengths, and we learn and grow best when we use our strengths. Children’s wellbeing and development depends on the wellbeing of all other family members.  Family wellbeing depends on the quality of informal social supports and the availability of formal support services. KEY COMPONENTS OF FAMILY- CENTERED APPROACH  Working with the family to set up goals.  Strengthen capacity and make decisions.  Providing culturally responsive, and evidence-based interventions to each family. CRISIS INTERVENTION APPROACH Crisis Intervention Approach - Crisis intervention is a process for actively influencing the psychosocial functioning of individuals and groups, during a period of acute disequilibrium. It involves crisis- oriented, time-limited work, usually two to six weeks in duration. - It is a mode of brief treatment that can be used in any social work setting and with any target population under stress. To be really effective, crisis intervention should