Grade 11 chemistry notes, Lecture notes of Chemistry

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Spontaneity of Reactions:

Enthalpy and Entropy

 Spontaneous (favourable) reactions are reactions that have a natural tendency to occur.  Temperature, enthalpy and entropy are thermodynamic factors that influence whether or not a process will proceed naturally.  Changes in temperature can not only change the rate of a reaction but also change the direction of a reaction.

Entropy - ∆S

 A measure of randomness/disorder of a system  (^) Entropy: gas > liquid > solid  (^) Temp increase  Entropy increase  (^) Less molecules  More molecules (entropy increases)  (^) MIT Video (∆Srxn = Sproducts – Sreactants)  (^) Reactions tend to proceed naturally towards greater randomness  (^) when ∆Srxn = positive  more disordered (energetically favourable)  (^) when ∆Srxn = negative  less disordered (energetically unfavourable)

Second Law of Thermodynamics 

The total entropy of the universe is

constantly increasing



So if the entropy of a system decreases,

entropy of the surroundings increases

TO DO 

Finish Express Lab Graph and Questions

for Monday!



Equilibrium Lessons #1 and #2 for

Monday!

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STUDY FOR TEST TOMORROW!