Hardware and Software, Slides of Management Information Systems

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Module 2: Information

Technology Infrastructure

Chapter 1: Hardware and Software

Learning Objectives

• • • • • •

Identify the IT infrastructure and its components

Describe how to select Hardware or IS

Describe characteristics of memory, processor, storage,

input and output devices

Identify and briefly describe the functions of two basic types of software

Outline the role of operating systems

Discuss how application software support personal, workgroup and enterprise business objectives

Information Technology Infrastructure

• – • – • •

Important to know service platform

Value of technology

IT infrastructures have evolved

Developments in computer processing/memory chips etc

Reason:

To make technology practical and yield business

benefits

Hardware Components

Hardware Components

Control unit

The part of the CPU that sequentially accesses

program instructions, decodes them, and

coordinates the flow of data in and out of the ALU,

registers, primary storage, and even secondary

storage and various output devices.

Register

A high-speed storage area in the CPU used to

temporarily hold small units of program

instructions and

data immediately before, during, and after

execution by the CPU.

Memory

Storage Capacity

Multiprocessing and Parallel Computing

• – – – • – – –

Multiprocessing involves simultaneous execution of two

or more instructions at the same time

Multicore microprocessor (dual core) AMD and Intel Core Duo technology

Parallel Computing is simultaneous execution of same

task on multiple processors

Massively Parallel computing systems Single instruction/ Multiple data (SIMD) Multiple Instruction/ Multiple data (MIMD)

Secondary Storage

• • – – – • – – – –

Amount of data to be stored is increasing every year

Secondary storage: non volatile, greater capacity, greater

economy

IS needs determine the access methods, storage capacity and portability Access faster = expensive than slower media Security Types Magnetic Disks - Hard Disk Optical Discs – CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-R Memory Cards Flash Memory

Secondary Storage

Enterprise Storage

It consists of products and services designed to assist organizations in storing and retrieving digital information throughout the organization. It has three forms: Attached Storage It consists of devices attached to a simple PC

However to improve these drawbacks, there are two other forms, NAS and SAN for enterprise data storage. These have the benefits like improved Storage efficiency, Cost effectiveness and reduced risk of downtime.

Input Devices

• – – – • – • – • – • –

Businesses consider certain features

Form of output Nature of data required Speed and accuracy

PC Input

Keyboard, mouse, track ball, touch pad

Voice/ Video

Microphone, digital camera, web camera

Scanning Devices

Optical Scanner (flatbed , handheld etc) Pen Input Stylus, Digital Pen

Input Devices

• – • • – • – –

Reading Devices

Magnetic strip reader, Bar code reader, RFID reader

Touch Sensitive Screens

Terminals

Dumb, Smart , Special purpose (POS, ATM) Biometric Input Devices Translates personal characteristics into digital code Finger print scanner, Face recognition, Voice verification, Signature verification, Retina/ Iris scanners