HARDWARE ASSIGNMENT, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Computer science

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Computer

Hardware

Definition of Computer

• (^) Computer is an electronic device that stores and

manipulates information.

• (^) It is able to store a program and retrieve information

from its memory.

Note: Abacus was the first computing device and

Atanasoff-Berry Computer was the first digital

computer(1939)

Generation of

computer

Fifth

Generation

Computer

Fourth

Generation

Computer

Third

Generation

Computer

Second

Generation

Computer

First

Generation

Computer

Vacuum Tubes)

Transistors) (1964-1971, IC) (1971-Present, Microprocessors) (Present- Beyond , Artificial Intelligence) Charles Babbage was considered to be the father of computing after his invention and concept of the Analytical Engine in 1837.

Generation of Computer

Super Computer (^) Main Frame Computers (^) Mini computer Work station Personal computer

Types of Computer

Hardware Vs Software

Hardware

• The term hardware describes the physical parts of your computer which you can physically touch or see such as your monitor, case, disk drives, microprocessor and other physical parts Software
• The term software describes the programs that run on your system.
• Software is written in a computer language (such as Basic, C, Java, or others) by programmers

Hardware Vs Software

• (^) Operating System is a software, which makes a computer to actually work.
• (^) It is the software the enables all the programs we use.
• The OS organizes and controls the hardware.
• (^) OS acts as an interface between the application programs and the machine hardware.

Operating Systems

An operating system performs basic tasks such as,

• Controlling & Allocating Memory,
• Prioritizing System Requests,
• Controlling Input And Output Devices,
• Facilitating Networking And
• Managing File Systems.

Function of OS

Examples

Open source Closed source

Differences B/w Open &Closed Sourse

Generally, the key differentiators between open and closed come down to a few factors:

• (^) Cost
• (^) Service
• (^) Innovation
• (^) Usability
• (^) Security

OS Type and Versions Find-out Ways Windows 10 Go to Start, enter About your PC, and then select About your PC Windows 8.1 Settings-> Change PC settings->PC and devices->PC info Windows 8 On the Start screen, type Computer, press and hold or right-click Computer, and then tap or click Properties Windows 7 Click Start-> type Computer then Right-click on the Computer, select click Properties. Windows Vista Control Panel->System and Maintenance->System. Windows XP Start -> Run->Type winver or msinfo32 or sysdm.cpl Linux Open a terminal program and type uname –a (To know Kernal Version ) lsb_release -a or cat /etc/release or cat /etc/issue (To know distribution) Macintosh Click the apple menu->click About this Mac ->More Info -> Software) Ref: http://whatsmyos.com/

Find out OS

M

A

C

OS

Linux OS Windows 7 OS

• (^) Keyboard
• Mouse
• Joy Stick
• Light pen
• Track Ball
• Scanner
• Graphic Tablet
  • (^) Microphone
  • Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR)
  • Optical Character Reader(OCR)
  • Bar Code Reader
  • Optical Mark Reader(OMR) An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer , allowing you to interact with and control the computer.

Input Devices

Input Devices Examples