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Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care
Chapter 5 and 6
confusion - correct answer ✔✔the inability to think clearly Sudden or gradual Most common in elderly Causes- UTI, low blood sugar, nutrition, seizures delirium - correct answer ✔✔State of severe confusion occurs suddenly and temporarily Causes- infections, disease, imbalance, poor nutrition cognition - correct answer ✔✔the ability to think logically and clearly Cognitive impairment - correct answer ✔✔loss of ability to think logically; concentration and memory are affected Dementia - correct answer ✔✔General term referring to a serious loss of mental abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating Progression leads to loss of ADLs Is dementia a normal part of aging? - correct answer ✔✔No Common causes of dementia - correct answer ✔✔Alzheimer's, vascular dementia( multiple strokes), Lewy body, Parkinson's, Huntington What is the most common cause of dementia? - correct answer ✔✔Alzheimer's disease
How many people in America have Alzheimer's? What fraction of these people are 65 and older? - correct answer ✔✔5.5 million; 1/ What gender is more likely to have Alzheimer's and dementia? - correct answer ✔✔Women What race is two times more likely to get Alzheimer's than older whites? Hispanics?
- correct answer ✔✔African American; 1.5 times Alzheimer's disease - correct answer ✔✔Tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits to form in brain 4-20 years Gradual symptoms beginning with memory loss to loss of ability Majority dependent on others Only sure way to determine Alzheimer's - correct answer ✔✔Autopsy preservation - correct answer ✔✔Repeating the same word or phrase in response to different questions Do you treat Alzheimer's like kids? - correct answer ✔✔No NAs procedure for personal care and ADLs - correct answer ✔✔Develop routine and stick with it Promote self care Take care of themselves Agitation - correct answer ✔✔a state of anxiety or nervous excitement Usually by a trigger Sundowning - correct answer ✔✔becoming restless and agitated in the late afternoon, evening, or night
paranoia - correct answer ✔✔an irrational suspiciousness or distrust of others validation therapy - correct answer ✔✔accepting and responding to what the person feels to be true Severe dementia reminiscence therapy - correct answer ✔✔encouraging residents to remember and talk about the past NA can ask about details Moderate to severe Activity therapy - correct answer ✔✔uses things the resident enjoys to prevent boredom and frustration Promotes self esteem Examples of activity therapy - correct answer ✔✔Walks Puzzles Music Read One on one or group Personal - correct answer ✔✔Tasks concerning body, appearance, and hygiene Hygene - correct answer ✔✔methods of keeping the body clean Grooming - correct answer ✔✔practices to care for oneself, such as caring for fingernails and hair activities of daily living (ADLs) - correct answer ✔✔basic self-care tasks such as eating, bathing, toileting, walking, and dressing
AM Care examples - correct answer ✔✔Bathroom, wash face and hands, hair, dressing, shaving, brushing teeth PM Care examples - correct answer ✔✔Bathroom, wash, snack, mouth, pjs, back rub Why do NAs help residents with personal care - correct answer ✔✔Promoting independence and dignity Before performing a task, NA should... - correct answer ✔✔Explain what they will be doing Ask for Bathroom first Privacy Look for any problems Communication - small notepad in case Check environment Don't rush Clean up Lowest position Pressure points - correct answer ✔✔areas of the body that bear much of its weight Mainly at bony prominence bony prominences - correct answer ✔✔areas of the body where the bone lies close to the skin Higher risk of skin breakdown Reduce circulation if pressure Warmth and moisture pressure injury - correct answer ✔✔Results from skin deterioration and shearing
-Reposition Slough - correct answer ✔✔Yellow, tan, gray, green or black tissue that is usually moist eschar - correct answer ✔✔Dead tissue that is hard or soft in texture similar to a scab If resident is in a wheelchair how often do you reposition them - correct answer ✔✔Every hour Different types of positioning devices - correct answer ✔✔Draw sheets, footboard, hand rolls, orthotic device, abduction pillows Foot drop - correct answer ✔✔a weakness of muscles in the feet and ankles that causes problems with the ability to flex the ankles and walk normally What can hand rolls prevent - correct answer ✔✔Finger hand or wrist contractures orthotic device/orthosis - correct answer ✔✔a device that helps support and align a limb and improve its functioning Prevent or correct deformities Example splints bathing promotes - correct answer ✔✔Health and well being, prevents skin irritation, body odor, relaxing, and moving arms and legs to increased circulation Partial bath - correct answer ✔✔bath that includes washing the face, underarms, hands, and perineal area Given when a full bath is not How often should elderly people bathe - correct answer ✔✔1-2 a week because of skin
When did you change your gloves when bathing a resident - correct answer ✔✔Before beginning and before perineal care Where did you start bathing a patient - correct answer ✔✔Eyes face ears neck and work down front Do you soap on the face? - correct answer ✔✔No How do you wash a male resident's perineum area - correct answer ✔✔If uncircumcised, then push foreskin up. Circular motion from top to base Rinse dry wash scrotum and groin Turn to side wash rinse and dry butt and anal area How hot should water be when giving a bed bath? - correct answer ✔✔Less than 105 degrees, to patient's liking What part of the hand do you use during back rubs? - correct answer ✔✔Full palm How long do you put lotion in the warm water to heat up? - correct answer ✔✔ 5 minutes and only place on hands How long does an NA do a back rub for? Where do they start? - correct answer ✔✔3- 5 mins; at the butt to shoulder then circle around Then knead from spine using thumb and two fingers up spine Massage bony areas Finish with long strokes At different facilities are NAs not allowed to cut nails - correct answer ✔✔Poor circulation lead to infection if cut What side of the orange wood stick do you use on manicures? - correct answer ✔✔Slanted
Electric razor - correct answer ✔✔Safest and easiest does not require soap or shaving cream Which direction should I shave on the face? Which direction should I shave on the neck? - correct answer ✔✔Down on face; up on neck Affected or involved side - correct answer ✔✔Weaker side - Due to a stroke or injury What side should the NA Begin dressing? What side of the body should you start undressing them with? - correct answer ✔✔Weaker side; stronger side Intravenous Therapy (IV) - correct answer ✔✔Delivery of medication, nutrition, or fluids through a vein Should you ever disconnect IV lines or turn off the pump? - correct answer ✔✔No only nurses Elastic stockings - correct answer ✔✔Prevent swelling and blood clots and aid circulation Can be knee-high or thigh high Put on in the morning because a legs are the smaller size then usually removed by the evening embolism - correct answer ✔✔Obstruction of a blood vessel usually by a blood clot What position to the resident be when putting on socks? Both or one? - correct answer ✔✔Supine ;only do one leg at a time Oral care - correct answer ✔✔Care of the mouth, teeth, and gums, is done at least twice each day to clean the mouth
Which way should the Emission basin face the patient - correct answer ✔✔Inward curve under the chin For a resident who is unconscious, the nursing assistant must use how much liquid - correct answer ✔✔Little as possible because of aspiration and turn them sideways Aspiration - correct answer ✔✔Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs While flossing a persons teeth, when do you unwind the floss from your fingers and Move on? - correct answer ✔✔After two teeth Fracture pan - correct answer ✔✔a bedpan that is flatter than a regular bedpan; used for small or thin people or those who cannot lift their buttocks onto a standard bedpan Where should bed pans and urinals be placed - correct answer ✔✔Bathroom and labeled Where do you place the Elimination from the bed pans and urinals - correct answer ✔✔Toilet How does standard bed pan be positioned? How does a fracture pan be positioned?
- correct answer ✔✔Wider aligned with buttocks Handle towards foot of bed portable commode - correct answer ✔✔Chair with toilet seat Positioning - correct answer ✔✔Helping residents into positions to promote comfort and help and increase circulation supine - correct answer ✔✔lying on the back
Becomes a gait belt when walking When is a slide or transfer board used? - correct answer ✔✔Help transfer residence were unable to bear weight on her legs If a resident starts to fall during a transfer, the nurse assistant should do the following - correct answer ✔✔Widen their stance, bring the residence body close to him, bend his knees and support the resident How many people should be there when using a mechanical lift? - correct answer ✔✔Two or more How far off the ground to the resident be raised? - correct answer ✔✔2 inches
