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An overview of various workplace hazards, their categories, and the importance of identifying and controlling them to prevent injuries and illnesses. It includes information on safety hazards, chemical hazards, biological hazards, and other hazards, as well as techniques like hazard mapping to help workers identify potential risks. The document also covers the employer's responsibilities for assessing and providing protective equipment.
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SECOND TRAIN THE TRAINER Facilitator Guide Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.^ This material was produced under Grant #SH20854SH0 from the It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
introduce himself or^ Each participant can herself using a ball of yarn that is thrown from participant to participant. Materials:
hazardsChemical and biological are agents that can make you sick. They can get into the body through the nose, mouth, or skin to cause harm.
Chemical hazards are gases, vapors, liquids, fumes or dusts that can result in poisoning, lung disease, skin irritation, or damage to other parts of the body. Examples include cleaning products, asbestos, and pesticides. Biological hazards are living organisms that can cause infectious diseases and allergies. They include viruses, bacteria, and molds.
classified into the other categories but can^ Other hazards^ are those that cannot be cause health or safety problems for workers. This can include stress, violence, and ergonomic hazards.
participants know that someMake sure to let hazards can harm a person right away, like safety hazards or chemicals that cause rashes. But sometimes the symptoms of illness appear months or years later. These effects, for example, might long-term include wear and tear on the body from repetitive motion, or lung disease from asbestos exposure or even cancer.
if they have identified^ Ask the participants any of these hazards at their workplace.
hazards and explain each one of them. Ask participants^ Show the participants the sheet with most common if they could give examples of each hazard.
Body Maps: A body map is an image that is used to show what part of a worker’s body is getting hurt, sick or stressed by their job. Workers can use body maps to find out what injuries or illnesses workers have in common. Hazard Maps: A Hazard map shows where there are health and safety problems at work and allows for workers to identify potential risks.
Materials:
There are two different types of maps:
that a body map is a picture^ Explain to the participants that shows what part of the worker’s body is getting hurt, sick or stressed by their job. groups of four to six people.^ Divide participants in small
That person should draw a large outline of a body on^ Ask each group to pick someone who likes to draw. the butcher paper. They can draw a front side and a backside of the body if they want to be more specific about their pains and injuries. work that cause them to get hurt, sick or stressed.^ Ask the participants to think about problems at their Using the color code sheet that was provided to each group, ask the participants to put the correct color dots on the body parts that are affected. show the injuries, illnesses and stresses of workers in^ Explain to the groups that their body map should only their group.
people. If possible, ask participants who do the same^ Divide participants in small groups of four to six type of work to be in the same group.
cause workers to get hurt, sick or stressed on the job.^ Then ask the groups to think about the hazards that Give each group a copy of the color code for hazard mapping. Ask workers to use the colored sticky dots to show where the hazards are on their map. Everyone in the group should talk it over as they put the dots on the map. group should pick person from their group to explain^ Once the groups have finished their hazard maps, each their map.
pick someone to draw^ Ask each group to a picture of their work area including machinery, equipment, workstations, furniture, storage area, doors and windows.
Locate the hazards ards that are marked on their hazard map.^ Ask each group what are the different types of haz-
following questions:^ After each group has explained their map, ask the What are the most common problems identified? How serious are those problems? What are the most common injuries at the job? difficult or dangerous?^ Have there been changes at your job that make it more fixed first and why?^ Of all the hazards identified, which ones should be different ways. One: it can be used to talk to their^ Let participants know that this map can be used in employer about the hazards that could cause an accident; two: by adding or taking off dots from the map, the workers can identify whether the problems have been fixed or not; three: it can help them identify which problem should be fixed first; and four: it can be used as proof of the violations at work.
which we can find possible solutions to those problems.^ As a whole, ask the participants to come up ways in
When workers contribute to a hazardous situation. These can include inexperience, not enough training, fatigue, stress, and problems with communication.
Focusing only on an individual worker’s actions may^ When mistakes happen, it is important to ask why. prevent that particular worker from making the same mistake again, but will do nothing to prevent similar problems by others in the future. In contrast, the best way to prevent injuries is to fix the policies, procedures, and conditions that caused them in the first place. be a plan to make sure that the work is done right. You^ When building a house, for example, there needs to can’t just go and figure out the design of the house as you are working, you need a blueprint and a plan. The same way, when doing a job, whether in construction, gardening, cleaning or anything else, it is important to know what you are going to do before you start, the tools that you need to use, but also knowing that it is important to identify potential hazards to prevent an accident from happening.
hazards in order of effectiveness in case a hazard is^ Here’s a list of strategies or ways to deal with identified at your worksite: need to do is^ The first thing you eliminate the hazard. If you get rid of the hazard it will no longer post a danger to you or your coworkers. For example, if the floor is wet and people are slipping, the best way to prevent an accident from happening is to dry that floor.
When you can’t get rid of the hazard, then maybe you^ The second thing you can do is^ substitute^ the hazard. can change it to something else that will not be as dangerous. For example, you can use white vinegar to clean windows instead of using Windex. next best thing you can do is using^ If you can’t eliminate or substitute the hazard, the engineering controls or safeguarding technology to use a round saw at your work and it does not have. For example, if you have proper protective devices, what do is change it for one that has a guard that will protect you from cuts.
because oftentimes, day laborers have different realitiesWe will focus on personal protective equipment than other workers. The job site changes and the type of work they do can change on a daily basis.
the hierarchy of hazard control, they don’t always stay^ Whereas it is important for workers to understand at a job site long enough to really identify the roots of a problem and to try to change the underlying causes of it. Therefore, the most probable solution that workers can do is protecting themselves and their bodies.
or PPE, is designed to protect workers from^ Definition:^ Personal protective equipment, from contact with chemical, radiological, physical,^ serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting Besides face shields, safety glasses, hard hats, and^ electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. safety shoes, protective equipment includes a variety of devices and garments such as goggles, coveralls, gloves, vests, earplugs, and respirators. In other words, PPE is equipment worn on the body that protects a worker from exposure to a hazard.
their work. Follow up with this question: What type of^ Ask the participants if they have ever used PPE at job were you doing and what equipment did you wear? methods of controlling hazards should be implemented^ It is important to explain to the workers that other first (removing the hazard or changing work policies or procedures), but that when they are not possible or don’t give enough protection, then the alternative is for the worker to wear protective equipment.
required to wear protective equipment on how to do theThe employer must also train the workers that are following:
Use protective equipment properly Be aware of when personal protective equipment is necessary Know what kind of protective equipment is necessary Understand the limitations of personal protective equipment in protecting workers from injury Put on, adjust, wear, and take off personal protective equipment Maintain protective equipment properly
Notes for the facilitator: responsibilities of the employer to make this activity more^ You can ask the participants to help you read the dynamic.
participants will have an^ In this activity, the opportunity to practice how to wear the basic protective equipment. flash cards with the^ Review the following participants and then ask someone from the group to help you model the proper way of using the personal protective equipment.
protective equipment)^ (Each of the partners will have a set of basic personal Protection from Head Injuries injuries, and electrical injuries such as those caused by falling or^ Hard hats can protect workers from head impact, penetration flying objects, fixed objects, or contact with electrical conductors. Also, OSHA regulations require employers to ensure that workers cover and protect long hair to prevent it from getting caught in machine parts such as belts and chains.
