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HEALTH AND WELLNESS EXAM 1 CONCEPTS
(EDAPT) QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
Chamberlain Care - Accurate answers way of being: caring for ourselves informs and sustains caring relationships with our colleagues, students, patients, and the community tenets of Chamberlain Care - Accurate answers care for community, care for faculty, care for students, care for patients, care for partners ways to prevent compassion fatigue - Accurate answers 1. Ponder self-awareness.
- Learn more about compassion fatigue.
- Practice self-care measures.
- Establish professional boundaries. compassion fatigue - Accurate answers declining empathy due to continuous exposure to sickness and suffering What hormone produced in excess contributes to weight gain during periods of chronic stress? - Accurate answers Cortisol stages of general adaption syndrome - Accurate answers Alarm stage: The body releases hormones that prepare it to either defend itself (fight) or run away (flight). Resistance stage: All coping skills and defense mechanisms are used to stabilize the body. Exhaustion stage: The body becomes overwhelmed and resources are depleted. alarm stage - Accurate answers The body releases hormones that prepare it to either defend itself (fight) or run away (flight). resistance stage - Accurate answers All coping skills and defense mechanisms are used to stabilize the body. exhaustion stage - Accurate answers The body becomes overwhelmed and resources are depleted. Adults should get at least _____ minutes of ____ intensity ____ activity each ____. Examples include brisk walking or fast dancing. - Accurate answers 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity each week
Approximately how many hours of sleep per day does a middle-aged nurse require? - Accurate answers 7 to 9 hours daily Provision 5 - Accurate answers views the nurse as a person of dignity and worth Duties to Self and Others Nurses must take care of themselves before taking care of others. These duties include health, safety, integrity, competence, and professional growth. Promotion of Personal Health, Safety, and Well-Being Nurses have a duty to model health promotion to clients and the public. Balance between personal and professional life is essential to avoid compassion fatigue. Healthy diet, sleep patterns, and relationships are all factors necessary to maintain balance. Preservation of Wholeness of Character Nurses are moral agents in every setting. They embrace the values of the profession and display them in all actions. Nurses must merge personal and professional values to create an identity that is reflected in practice. Preservation of Integrity Threats to integrity may be encountered in practice. Nurses have a right and duty to express opposition and only compromise if decisions preserve moral integrity. When integrity is eroded, nurses experience moral distress. Maintenance of Competence and Continuation of Professional Growth Nurses must evaluate their performance periodically and commit to lifelong learning and advanced study. stress - Accurate answers actual or perceived hazard to the balance of homeostasis stressor - Accurate answers physical, chemical, or emotional factor that produces tension in the body or the mind differ in scope, strength, and duration appraisal of the stressor - Accurate answers how the stressor is interpreted personal evaluation of the meaning of the event and what is happening and a consideration of resources available to help manage the stressor situational stress - Accurate answers situational stressors in the workplace that affect nurses are high-acuity client loads, job environment, constant distractions, responsibilities, conflicting priorities, and intensity of care shift work increases fatigue maturational stress - Accurate answers stress from stages of life
"The nurse, through individual and collective effort, establishes, maintains, and improves the ethical environment of the work setting and conditions of employment that are conducive to safe, quality health care" Environment and Moral Virtue: Nurses are expected to foster a work environment filled with respect and caring, communication, generosity, kindness, equality, prudence, and transparency. Environment and Ethical Obligation: Nurses create a culture of excellence by formulating clear policies and procedures, treating colleagues fairly and with dignity, and ensuring that all nurses understand the code of ethics. Responsibility for the Healthcare Environment: Nurses participate in interprofessional workplace advocacy to address unethical practice. They continue to express concerns over unacceptable practices until changes are made. If the environment continues to be unethical, they resign in order to preserve integrity. American Nurses Association's Scope and Standards of Practice Standard 18 - Accurate answers the registered nurse is responsible for practicing in a manner that advances environmental safety and health by: -Creating a safe, healthy workplace. -Fostering professionalism -Not tolerating abusive, destructive, or oppressive behaviors at work. -Promoting evidence-based practices to create a psychologically and physically safe environment. -Assessing the environment to identify and reduce risks. -Advocating for environmental health in the communities in which they work and live. -Incorporating technology to promote safe practice. -Promoting sustainable, global environmental health policies that focus on prevention of hazards. What are consequences of not getting adequate amount of sleep? - Accurate answers concentration, judgment, and participation in daily activities decline and irritability increases circadian rhythm - Accurate answers 24-hour, day-night cycle which influences major biological and behavioral functions We each have a biological clock that synchronizes our sleep cycle What bodily functions depend on the maintenance of the circadian rhythm? - Accurate answers Body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, hormone secretion, sensory acuity, and mood What factors affect circadian rhythm? - Accurate answers Light, temperature, social activities, and work routines For nurses, the wake-sleep cycle can be disrupted by working rotating shifts, causing other physiologic changes What are the phases of sleep? - Accurate answers two main sleep phases: nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
There are three stages of NREM sleep (75% of night) and one stage of REM sleep (25% of night) FOUR TOTAL The quality of sleep becomes increasingly deeper as we move through the stages. We progress through each of the four stages about every 90 minutes sleep cycle periods - Accurate answers Presleep period consists of gradually developing sleepiness (10-30 minutes) Once asleep person passes through 4-6 sleep cycles consisting of all four stages (90-110 minutes) what does sleep deprivation affect? - Accurate answers immune function, metabolism, nitrogen balance, and protein catabolism A loss of REM sleep can lead to confusion Individuals with sleep problems are more likely to develop chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, depression, and digestive problems They often experience poor productivity and a diminished quality of life what can cause sleep deprivation? - Accurate answers illness (e.g., fever, difficulty breathing, pain), diet, emotional stress, medications, environmental disturbances, fatigue, and variability in the timing of sleep as a result of shift work what are treatments for sleep deprivation? - Accurate answers avoid heavy meals, smoking, alcohol, and caffeine intake close to bedtime exercise during daytime avoid strenuous exercise before bedtime drink milk (contains L-trypophan) that promotes sleep use relaxation techniques such as a warm bath, reading, and calming music take melatonin drink tea w valerian root and chamomile cool, dark, and quiet environment what is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)? - Accurate answers questionnaire that assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 30-day period benefits of physical activity - Accurate answers regular activity and exercise contribute to physical and emotional health elevates our mood, improves our attitude, boosts energy levels, helps with stress management, promotes the quality of sleep, and improves self-image and self-confidence
Ginseng Peppermint - Accurate answers Valerian root Melatonin Chamomile health - Accurate answers State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or illness wellness - Accurate answers Positive state of health that is continually changing wellness includes physical, mental, social, spiritual, environmental, intellectual, occupational, and financial components wellness is not a fixed state illness - Accurate answers Subjective experience and may include physical indicators disease - Accurate answers functional or structural disturbance An individual can have ____ in the presence of illness - Accurate answers wellness What factors determine wellness? - Accurate answers Environmental state Mental state Physical state Social state Financial state internal variables that affect health - Accurate answers developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, and emotional and spiritual factors Growth and development affect response to illness. For example, fear and anxiety are common in children based on a lack of understanding or information. Remember, developmental age may differ from chronological age. Intellectual background influences how a client thinks about health. For example, knowledge may be lacking or incomplete. Cognitive abilities may impact client teaching. Perception of functioning is subjective data about the way a client perceives physical function. Once subjective data is obtained, objective data is collected about actual function. For example, subjective data includes level of fatigue, shortness of breath, and pain. Objective data includes blood pressure and lung sounds. Emotional factors influencing health include the degree of stress, depression, or fear. For example, a person who is typically very calm may have little emotional response to illness. However, a person who struggles to manage stress in everyday life may overreact to illness or deny the presence of symptoms.
Spiritual factors influence a person's ability to find hope and meaning in life. Spirituality often provides motivation to engage or not engage in health promotion activities. For example, some religions restrict the use of certain forms of medical treatment. external variables that affect health - Accurate answers family practices, psychosocial and socioeconomic factors, and cultural background The roles and organization of a family influence how each member defines health and embraces healthy practices. Perceptions about the seriousness of illness and the history of preventative care are influenced by both family and culture. For example, a child whose caregivers taught the importance of healthy foods and physical activity will likely continue those practices into adulthood. health promotion - Accurate answers healthcare professionals help clients maintain or enhance their present health by encouraging healthy activities, such as regular exercise and good nutrition involves health education that assists clients in understanding their health and how to better manage wellness illness prevention - Accurate answers protection from actual or potential threats to health and wellness ex. immunization programs and blood pressure screenings While seeking to understand the relationship between the concepts of health, wellness, and illness, healthcare professionals are in a unique position to assist clients in achieving and maintaining optimal levels of health. What are some ways that healthcare professionals assist clients to achieve optimal health? Select all that apply. Understand the dimensions of wellness Encourage healthy behaviors Provide health education Provide preventative care Identify actual and potential risk factors - Accurate answers Understand the dimensions of wellness Encourage healthy behaviors Provide health education Provide preventative care Identify actual and potential risk factors Ilness-Wellness Continuum - Accurate answers relationship between the degrees of wellness and the degrees of illness Moving from the center to the left demonstrates worsening health Moving from the center to the right displays increasing levels of health. The treatment paradigm helps to restore health back to the comfort zone, or neutral point
healthcare professionals use this model to understand factors influencing clients' perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors primary motivators for an individual's willingness to change a behavior(s) are self-perception of seriousness, susceptibility, and the threat of the disease Nurses acknowledge that multiple factors influence a client's health perceptions, health beliefs, and likelihood of taking preventative health action. Which examples are perceived healthcare benefits of action? Select all that apply. An adult female undergoing a mammogram screening test. A sexually active teenager scheduling an appointment with a healthcare provider to discuss oral contraceptive use. A mother making an informed decision regarding her child receiving an immunization. An older adult canceling a colonoscopy procedure fearing pain. - Accurate answers An adult female undergoing a mammogram screening test. A sexually active teenager scheduling an appointment with a healthcare provider to discuss oral contraceptive use. A mother making an informed decision regarding her child receiving an immunization. holisitc health model - Accurate answers acknowledges that all dimensions of an individual contribute to health and wellness including emotional and spiritual well-being Healthcare providers recognize the body's natural healing abilities and may recommend or incorporate complementary and alternative interventions because they are effective, economical, noninvasive, and non-drug options to traditional medical care what are examples of complementary and alternative interventions? - Accurate answers mediation, music therapy, guided imagery, reminiscence, relaxation therapy, therapeutic touch transtheoretical model of change - Accurate answers health behavior change involves progress through five stages of change: precontemplation - thinking there is no need for change contemplation - thinking about change preparation - planning for change action - actively changing behavior maintenance - maintaining changed behavior A person must move from one stage to the other before a lasting change occur Nurses recognize that people are at different stages of readiness to adopt healthful behaviors
the transtheoretical model is used widely in what programs? - Accurate answers alcohol and drug abuse, smoking cessation programs precontemplation stage - Accurate answers thinking there is no need for change contemplation stage - Accurate answers thinking about change preparation stage - Accurate answers planning for change action stage - Accurate answers actively changing behavior maintenance stage - Accurate answers maintaining changed behavior Which model of health is best used to assist a client who needs to stop smoking but may be resistant? Holistic health model Health promotion model Transtheoretical model of change Health belief model - Accurate answers Transtheoretical model of change The healthcare professional will recommend relaxation and music therapy in the evening before bedtime. Which model of health is being used? Transtheoretical model of change Health promotion model Holistic health model Health belief model - Accurate answers Holistic health model Which findings indicate the health promotion activities were effective? Select all that apply. Reports sleeping 6-7 hours nightly Brought spouse to pharmacy to receive shingles vaccine Did not develop influenza this season Gained 10 pounds since reducing smoking Reduced number of cigarettes smoked per day Recently quit his job and is still searching for a replacement - Accurate answers Reports sleeping 6- 7 hours nightly Brought spouse to pharmacy to receive shingles vaccine Did not develop influenza this season Reduced number of cigarettes smoked per day A healthcare professional is planning a health promotion program on testicular self-examination. Using the health belief model, which statement made by a participant indicates perceived susceptibility to illness? "My brother had testicular cancer when he was a teenager, so I know my risk is elevated." "I have a reminder on my phone to perform a testicular self-examination monthly." "Next month is testicular awareness month, so I will participate in a local community fundraiser."
motivation increases as needs are met self-actualization - Accurate answers personal growth, self-fulfillment, problem-solving, achieving one's full potential self-esteem - Accurate answers independece, dignity, achievement, status, prestige, confidence, achievement, status two categories: respect for self and respect from others love and belonging - Accurate answers intimacy, friendship, trust, love, acceptance, affection, love safety and security - Accurate answers physical safety, psychological safety, financial security, emotional security, health and well-being, freedom from fear, law and order physiological - Accurate answers oxygen, fluids, nutrition, body temperature, elimination, shelter, sex A client presents to an immunization clinic to receive influenza and tetanus (Td) vaccines. Which need, according to Maslow's hierarchy, is being met? Safety and security Physiological Cognitive Aesthetic - Accurate answers Safety and security Select the highest priority need after successfully getting the client to eat. A healthcare professional is caring for an elderly client with dementia who is not eating, not communicating, and refuses to see family members. The client has a high fall risk and does not trust the staff. - Accurate answers High fall risk Nutrition is a physiological need and should be addressed first. The next priority need is the fall risk as this represents a safety need. How does Maslow's theory provide structure for client care? - Accurate answers Establishes priorities of care define levels of prevention - Accurate answers spectrum in which an individual comes in contact with healthcare for the purpose of preventing illness, reducing the impact of illness, or "curing illness". primordial prevention - Accurate answers preventing exposure to risk factors that promote disease onset involves the prevention of risk factors strategies are often aimed at children to decrease as much risk exposure as possible
activities focus on social and environmental conditions that promote disease onset ex: improving access to safe playgrounds and sidewalks in an urban community may promote physical activity, which decreases risk factors for obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus type 2, preventing the legalization of marijuana primary prevention - Accurate answers reducing the incidence of disease or injury often called "true prevention" involves intervening before health effects occur promotes the general health of the individual, family, or community by focusing on activities the client can do to avoid disease or injury before it happens ex: health education programs, physical activity, avoiding second-hand smoke, nutritional programs, physical fitness activities, cessation, using an infant car seat properly, and immunizations secondary prevention - Accurate answers preventing the spread of disease, illness, or infection ONCE IT OCCURS includes screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages individual and mass screening activities and focused exams to cure disease, detect communicable disease, and limit disability are secondary prevention strategies goal is detection of a disease or injury and includes activities that are directed at diagnosis, prompt intervention, and prevention of worsening condition ex. annual mammogram screenings for all women over the age of 45 years, monitoring blood glucose in clients diagnosed with diabetes, treating hypertension to prevent cardiovascular disease tertiary prevention - Accurate answers managing a chronic condition to lessen long-term complications reduce or reverse damage caused by a condition managing disease post-diagnosis to slow or stop the progression of the illness, prevent complications, and maximize the client's abilities restoration of quality of life, it prevents symptoms from becoming more terminal, leading to disability or death this includes activities directed at rehabilitation rather than diagnosis and treatment ex: breathing training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction, rehabilitation after spinal cord injury to learn how to use a wheelchair
ex: Clean Water Act, National Tobacco Control Program, and the National Asthma Control Program. Governmental agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the Environmental Protection Agency play a role in prevention efforts what level of prevention is avoiding second hand smoke? - Accurate answers primary promotes health by focusing on activities the client can do to avoid disease or injury before it happens what level of prevention is rehabilitation after a stroke? - Accurate answers tertiary involves helping a client manage a chronic condition to lessen long-term complications and return to optimal functioning what level of prevention are monthly testicular exams? - Accurate answers secondary involves the detection of a disease or injury in the earliest stages what level of prevention is teaching about the use of a spacer to a client with asthma? - Accurate answers tertiary involves helping a client manage a chronic condition to lessen long-term complications and return to optimal functioning what level of prevention are mammograms for women over 45? - Accurate answers secondary involves the detection of a disease or injury in the earliest stages what level of prevention is increased physical activity? - Accurate answers primary promotes health by focusing on activities the client can do to avoid disease or injury before it happens what level of prevention is taking low-dose aspirin to prevent a heart attack? - Accurate answers secondary involves the detection of a disease or injury in the earliest stages what level of prevention is preventing the legalization of marijuana? - Accurate answers primordial involves risk factor prevention. Strategies are often aimed at children to decrease as much risk exposure as possible. Activities focus on social and environmental conditions that promote disease onset trash pickup days increase during the holidays - Accurate answers local level prevention vaccination clinics sponsored by the state health department - Accurate answers state level prevention
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program - Accurate answers national state level prevention what level of prevention is eating healthy and exercising daily? - Accurate answers primary what level of prevention is attending prenatal yoga? - Accurate answers primary what level of prevention is performing monthly breast self-exams? - Accurate answers secondary what level is monitoring blood sugar levels? - Accurate answers secondary what level of prevention is taking medication to treat high blood pressure? - Accurate answers secondary health promotion - Accurate answers activities that help individuals maintain or enhance their present level of health ex: exercising regularly, eating high-quality foods, or improving the air quality where you live wellness education - Accurate answers interventions that teach people how to care for themselves in a healthy way goal of wellness education is to help others reach a deep understanding and control of their lives illness prevention - Accurate answers activities that protect people from actual or potential threats to health individuals motivated to avoid a decline in their health or level of function will, for example, assure that their immunizations are current and they are practicing safe sex At which point in care does a nurse assess health risks? When the person makes an appointment Never After an individual asks for help During each client encounter - Accurate answers During each client encounter By leading health promotion activities, in which areas do nurses improve healthcare outcomes? Select all that apply. Emerging infections Bioterrorism Increasing healthcare costs Aging population Natural disasters - Accurate answers Emerging infections Bioterrorism Aging population Natural disasters
Risk prevention strategies will have no effect. The chances of having a myocardial infarction are increased. If risks are controlled, the client will not get the disease. The disease is guaranteed to develop. - Accurate answers The chances of having a myocardial infarction are increased. environmental health risk - Accurate answers substance that has the ability to cause an adverse health event. These could be physical, chemical, or biological factors. Hazards can be natural or human- made what health promotion strategy? The public health nurse recognizes an increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus type 2 among school-aged children and works with local school nurses to improve lunch menus in the schools. - Accurate answers advocacy what health promotion strategy? The public health nurse recommends telehealth medical appointments be available for clients with limited transportation. - Accurate answers equity what health promotion strategy? A local elementary school wants to implement a mask mandate to protect children from exposure to COVID-19 during an outbreak, but the school board is resistant. The public health nurse presents information during a school board meeting. - Accurate answers mediation Healthy People Initiative - Accurate answers identifies public health priorities to assist individuals, organizations, and communities across the United States to improve health and well-being provides 10-year, measurable objectives and tools to track progress toward achievement A program to promote, strengthen, and evaluate the nation's efforts to improve the health and well- being of all people core objective - Accurate answers measurable objectives that are associated with 10-year targets reflect high-priority public health issues and are associated with evidence-based interventions ex. reduce the syphilis rate in female developmental objective - Accurate answers Objectives that represent high-priority public health issues that are associated with evidence-based interventions but do not yet have reliable baseline data ex: increase the proportion of older adults who get screened for osteoporosis research objective - Accurate answers Objectives that represent public health issues with a high health or economic burden or significant disparities between population groups but are not yet associated with evidence-based interventions
ex: increase quality of life for cancer survivors what is the major differnece between Healthy People 2020 and 2030? - Accurate answers increased focus on healthy, social determinants of health, and health literacy provision 5 - Accurate answers -the nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to promote health and safety, preserve wholeness of character and integrity, maintain competence, and continue personal and professional growth -principle of duties to self (sometimes called a principle of self-regarding duties) can be divided into five main features: a duty of moral self-respect; a duty to preserve one's health, safety, and well-being; a duty to maintain wholeness of character; a duty to preserve one's integrity; and a duty to grow professionally and to maintain competence. These are collectively understood as a single duty of duties- to-self. provision 6 - Accurate answers -the nurse, through individual and collective effort, establishes, maintains, and improves the ethical environment of the work setting and conditions of employment that are conducive to safe, quality health care -empowerment involves the transformation of power relations by which women move from being objects within relationships of subordination to becoming subjects, controlling their own lives. It addresses those power structures that subordinate women at different societal levels—household, community, nation—and which must be transformed so that women can take full control over their lives -"take full control over their lives"—and over the conditions that produce moral distress—there is every reason to believe that, united, nurses can accomplish this ANA scope and standards of practice: standard 18: environmental health - Accurate answers the registered nurse practices in a manner that advances environmental safety and health by: -creates a safe and healthy workplace and professional practice environment.-fosters a professional environment that does not tolerate abusive, destructive, and oppressive behaviors. -promotes evidence-based practices to create a psychologically and physically safe environment. -assesses the environment to identify and address the impact of social determinants of health on risk factors. -reduces environmental health risks to self, colleagues, healthcare consumers, and the world.-integrates environmental health concepts in practice. -communicates information about environmental health risks and exposure reduction strategies. -advocates for the implementation of environmental health principles in communities in which they work and live. -incorporates technologies to promote safe practice environments. -uses products or treatments consistent with evidence-based practice to reduce environmental threats and hazards. -examines how the healthcare consumer's biography affects their biology, resultant health issues, and the ecosystem. -analyzes the impacts of social, political, and economic influences on the human health experience and global environment. -advances environmental concerns and complaints through advocacy and appropriate reporting mechanisms.
