HEREDITY
By: Nida Parveen
M.TECH(BIOTECH)
IIT GUWAHATI
1
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Mendel's Discoveries in Genetics: An Introduction to Heredity and Variations, Slides of Biology
An introduction to the concept of heredity, focusing on the discoveries of Gregor Mendel, the 'Father of Genetics'. Mendel's experiments with pea plants led to the identification of dominant and recessive genes, and the understanding of how traits are inherited. Key terms include chromosomes, genes, genotype, and phenotype.
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2020/2021
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HEREDITY
By: Nida Parveen
M.TECH(BIOTECH)
IIT GUWAHATI
INTRODUCTION ◦ (^) HEREDITY: The Transfer of characters or traits from parents to their offspring is known as Heredity. ◦ (^) CHARACTERS OR TRAITS: A recognizable feature of a human being or any other organism like Height, Shape, Complexion etc. are called characters. ◦ (^) VARIATIONS: The differences in the characters or traits among the individual of species is called variation.
ACCUMULATION OF VARIATIONS ◦ (^) The significance of a variation shows up only if it continues to be inherited by the offspring for several generation. ◦ (^) The great advantage of variation to species is that it increases the chances of its survival in a changing environment. ◦ (^) Hence we conclude that Variation is useful for the survival of species over time.
IMPORTANT TERMS ◦ (^) CHROMOSOME: It is a thread like structure in the nucleus of a cell formed of DNA which carries genes. ◦ (^) GENE: It is a unit of chromosome which governs the synthesis of one protein that controls a specific characteristic of an organism. Genes are actually units of heredity which transfer characteristics from parents to their offspring. ◦ (^) Genes are of 2 types:
- Dominant genes: A Dominant gene is that gene which expresses itself more strongly than other gene
- Recessive genes: A recessive gene is that gene which is unable to express itself in the presence of dominant gene. ◦ (^) GENOTYPE: A genotype is basically a set of genes that an organism carries. ◦ (^) PHENOTYPE: An Organism’s phenotype is all of its observable characteristics.
Mendel Experiment’s Results ◦ (^) In First generation, there were no medium height plants. All were tall (TT or Tt). ◦ (^) In second generation, He cross pollinated first generation plants to have clear understanding. ◦ (^) In F2 generation, all plants were not tall, one quarter was short (tt). TT
Mendel’s Experiment