Heredity long notes (bio), Study notes of Biology

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Meredity

: Transfer of characters or traits from parents

to offsprings Male Gamete^ +^ Female^ Gamete^ DNA(Information)

(ser cell) (sexcell) -

> eye

colour ·

• > skin^ colour · -^ ut > (^) Heig Zygote Variation :^ The^ difference^ in^ the^ characters^ the ~ among

characters

among the (^) Individuals of (^) a ·

species are^ called^ variations

. like :^ (3) colour of Rose ~

(1) Skin^

Colour

(2) Colour^

Of (^) Eyes mints : observable characteristics^ of organism . Aquired

traits Inherited Traits

Acquired after^ birth^ Inherited^ from^ parents during reproduction,

ROSO Comin :^ Scattered (^) form of (^) DNA (^) dispersed throughout

the nucleus.

more:^ Highly coiled^ and^

condensed form of DNA

In >^ Nucleus

Human ↓

During

Signal cell (^) - > ↓ cell^ elivision (^46) chromosome ↓ 3 It (^) exists (^) during It is^ visiable pairs.^ the cell's^ normal during cell division. life

DIPLOID CELLS^ HAPLOID CELIS

Two copies of^ each^

chomoso

Single copy^

of each^ chromosome

• me · Sex (^) cells/Gamates of^ Human · All^ cells^ of^ humans (except (^) sex (^) cells) begins

• (^23) chromosomes

23 pair of chromosomes

= (^46) chromosomes (^) Maploid (n) 2323

MELOSIS

Y

cell (^) division

Diploid (2n)

of Male O^ Female

46 chromosomes

Diploid

46 chrom

23

pairs

-- (^) - somes

3 pair

↓ MELOSIS^ ↓ 23 chrom 23 chrom

Female

Male -Haploid

• >

Gamate

Gamate !

46 chromosomes

ZUGOTE->^ Diploid

Ge :^ A^ Segment or^ a^ part Of^ DNA^ that^ carries^ information^ of particular characters . ·

Dominant Allele RecesSive^ Allele Dominant allele^ is^ the^ stronger one^ Recessive^ allele^ isthat^ weaker (^) one

from two alleles.^ from^ the^ two^ alleles.

Denoted (^) by capital letters Denoted bysmaller

letis

(eg : (^) T ,^ B, R , V , W).

I

Ce.

g ;

J

=

xpress itself^ in^

L both

heterozygomozygous Expresses itself^ only in^ the CTT) and^ homozygous

conditions (tt).

Conditions.

S

[

Phenotype : (^) Appearance of (^) an organisms or observable^ physical

trait

Genotype : Comibation^ of^ Genes^ in^ an (^) organism

Gregoshamdel

• Anonhernace.

1.^ MENDAL

grew and (^) cross-pollinated thousands^ of^ Pea^ plants to study how^ traits^ like^ height ,^

seed shape, and colour were

inherited from^ parents to^ offsprings/progeny.

2. His^ work^ explained^ how^ traits^ are^ inherited^ from^ one

to generation

the next and

proposed

. a why^

Pea plant?

Ans-1) Short^ life^ Span-Faster Results

1. (^) large number^ or^ offsprings
2. (^) contrasting traits^ of^ seven^ characters. itsStudied^ By^ Adel seven (^) pairs of^ contrasting traits^ in^ pea (^) plant Dominent Recessive

Rihybrid

cross-cross in which^ inheritance^ of^ two

characters (^) are studied^ at (^) a time. 0

-^7 Parents - >^ Pure tall (^) plant &^ Round^ seeds -u

TTRR

Pure Short^ Plant^ &^ wrinkled^ seeds

It us

Ey Generation->^ TtRu,^ TRU,^ TER num Phenotype

-> Tall^ Round^ seeds^

Genotype :^ T Plant Sign

: FIXF

of $ Parents :^ TRU^ TER

u Gates :^

TR To

tR tr^

tR tu

Gamates : TR^ TV^ tR^ t

u of & TR TO^ tr^ tr

TR TTER TTRU^ TERR TERU

TV TTRr TTrU TERr Tur

tR (^) TERR TER tRR^ ttRU to (^) TRr Terr (^) ttRu tur Tall (^) Tall A (^) & Round Wrinkled Phenotypeo

: 9 :^3 :^3 :^1

Tall Short round Brinkled Andel'sof

tance

1. (^) Aromance :

when an inherited pair of^ two^ alleles^ is^ heterozyous, the allele that is expressed

is (^) called dominant while the other^ is^ called^ necessive

is A alwaystimited In Few^ reptiles - >^ the^ temperature at^ which^ feretilised^ eggs are kept-

> determines

whether the animals

developing in the eggs

will be^ male^ or Female.

This is called

Temperature

• Dependent sex determination (TSD)

In snails -^ individuals can

change sex