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HESI A2 Practice test questions complete
solution (pass assured)
1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive tract?
a) to use enzymes to break down food
b) to perform gas exchange
c)to remove waste from the body
d) to use peristalsis to move food along: b) to perform gas exchange
Gas exchange is a function of the respiratory system
2. The body, at all times, attempts to maintain homeostasis. The best definition of homeostasis
is:
a)a process that maintains the stability of the human body's internal environ-ment in response
to changes in internal and external conditions
b) a function via which the body breaks down glucose to use as energy
c) a process that maintains the immune system's defenses
d) a process in which the body resists change to genetic structure: a) a process that maintains the stability of the
human body's internal environment in response to changes in internal and external conditions
3. The endocrine system of the body is responsible for:
a) defense through the use of antibodies
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b) communication through the use of hormones
c)metabolism through the use of enzymes
d) blood flow through the use of the heart muscle: b) communication through the use of hormones
4. Anatomical position shows the
body in a(n) position.
a) lateral
b) superior
c)anterior
d) posterior: c) anterior
5. Vitamin K is created in the:
a) liver
b) lungs
c)intestinal tract
d) pancreas: c) intestinal tract
6. The largest organ in the body is the.
a) skin
b) GI tract
c)femur
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c)nails
d) teeth: d) teeth
Keratin is a family of fibrous structural proteins. Keratin is the key structural component of hair, nails, and the outer layer of human skin
10. What is the relationship between sarcomeres and muscle cells?
a) sarcomeres are muscle cells
b) sarcomeres contain muscle cells
c)muscle cells contain myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres
d)muscle cells contain sarcomeres, which in turn are made up of myofibrils: c) muscle cells contain myofibrils,
which in turn are made up of sarcomeres
11. A person who has torn their vastus lateralis muscle will need which of the following?
a) an arm sling
b) a cane or crutches
c)insulin
d) a neck brace: b) a cane or crutches
The vastus lateralis muscle is a voluntary muscle in the legs. It is part of the quadriceps.
12. Muscles produce contraction due to the sliding of:
a) filaments
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b) sarcomeres
c)flexors
d) neutrons: a) filaments
During muscle contraction, filaments slide together by using energy supplied by ATP.
13. The medulla oblongata has what primary responsibility?
a) balance
b) intellect
c)vital functions
d) sensory input: c) vital functions
The medulla oblongata is responsible for basic vital functions, including respiration and heart rate.
14. Which of the following is true about simple reflexes?
a) they travel through the entire body
b) they travel only through the spinal cord
c)they travel only through the brain
d) they do not travel and remain localized: b) they travel only through the spinal cord Simple reflexes, known also
as spinal reflexes, travel only through the spinal cord, and do not reach the brain.
15. What is the primary role of estrogen in the female reproductive system?
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20. The spinal cord reaches from the base of the skull to the first or second lumbar
vertebra. The base of the skull is also known as:
a) foremen magnum
b) filaments
c)cerebellum
d) corpus callosum: a) foremen magnum
21. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a substance that performs which of the following?
a) acts as part of the cell membrane
b) acts as energy for the cell
c)acts as a secondary messenger
d) acts as a hormone: c) acts as a secondary messenger
(cyclic AMP)
22. The neuron is composed of a/n , which transmits
signals toward the cell body, and a/n , which transmits signals away from the cell body.: - dendrite, axon
23. The pectoralis major muscle is located in which general area?: -the chest
24. The soleus muscle is located in which general area?: -the legs
25. Which of the following is responsible for differentiation, or specialization, of cells?
a) platelets
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b) hormones
c)neurons
d) brain cells: b) hormones
26. What makes up the alimentary canal?: -it consists of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
large intestine, rectum, and anus. (digestive tract)
27. A woman's body usually ovulates around what day in a normal 30-day cycle?: -day
28. Sperm, once created, are stored in an area of the male body called the
.: - epididymis
29. Which of these is the best analogy describing the function of the kidneys?
a) a waste treatment plant
b) a control center
c)a medical facility
d) a soldier training facility: a) a waste treatment plant
The kidney recycles minerals and resources still needed in the body while also excreting waste products.
30. What is the most widely distributed type of sweat gland?: - eccrine
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c)the electrical activity that precedes contraction and relaxation
d) they physical movement that precedes contraction and relaxation: c) the electrical activity that precedes
contraction and relaxation
36. Follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone
are what type of hormones?: -tropic Tropic hormones act on other endocrine glands.
37. What is the purpose of the mastication of food?: -to increase its surface area
Increasing the food's surface area promotes easier digestion by letting enzymes get to every portion of it.
38. What stimulates the interstitial cells of the testicles to produce testos-terone?: -LH
(luteinizing hormones)
39. Inhalation requires the contraction of what surface?: -the diaphragm
40. Which type of muscle is found in the walls of organs such as the stomach and intestines?:
smooth visceral muscle
41. A bone that is part of the upper limbs is
a. metatarsal
b. metacarpal
c. tibia
d. fibula: b. metacarpal
42. The normal amount of urine produced in a 24-hour period is approximate-ly: 1,500-2,000 ml
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43. What element of the blood is a factor in phagocytosis?: white blood cells
44. What structure is responsible for making enzymes that detoxify substances we ingest?:
liver
45. Which hormone helps stimulate the thickening of the endometrium during menstruation?:
progesterone
46. Which of the following is not a part of the axial skeleton?
a. vertebral column
b. skull
c. thoracic cage
d. upper limbs: d. upper limbs
47. Major event of muscle contraction?: stimulation occurs when acetylcholine is released from the end of a motor neuron
48. A ventral wound would be found: in the abdomen
49. Which of the following would be considered nonrespiratory air move-ments?
a. inspiration
b. expiration
c. inspiratory reserve volume
d. yawning: d. yawning
50. The pancreas secretes hormones that: regulate glucose in the blood
51. Thin fingerlike projections that line part of the duodenum and all of the jejunum and
