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HESI A2 Practice test questions with correct answers
1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive tract?
a) to use enzymes to break down food
b) to perform gas exchange
c) to remove waste from the body
d) to use peristalsis to move food along: b) to perform gas exchange
Gas exchange is a function of the respiratory system
2. The body, at all times, attempts to maintain homeostasis. The best definition of
homeostasis is:
a) a process that maintains the stability of the human body's internal environ- ment in
response to changes in internal and external conditions
b) a function via which the body breaks down glucose to use as energy
c) a process that maintains the immune system's defenses
d) a process in which the body resists change to genetic structure: a) a process that
maintains the stability of the human body's internal environment in response to changes in internal and external conditions
3. The endocrine system of the body is responsible for:
a) defense through the use of antibodies
b) communication through the use of hormones
c) metabolism through the use of enzymes
d) blood flow through the use of the heart muscle: b) communication through the use of
hormones
4. Anatomical position shows the body in a(n) position.
a) lateral
b) superior
c) anterior
d) posterior: c) anterior
5. Vitamin K is created in the:
a) liver
b) lungs
c) intestinal tract
d) pancreas: c) intestinal tract
6. The largest organ in the body is the.
a) skin
b) GI tract
a) biologist
b) doctor
c) anatomist
d) histologist: d) histologist
Histology is the study of tissues.
8. What is Erythropoiesis?
a) red blood cell formation
b) white blood cell formation
c) the destruction of red blood cells
d) the destruction of white blood cells: a) red blood cell formation
Blood cell formation is called Hemopoiesis. Erythro- red blood cells
9. In which part of the body is keratin NOT found?
a) hair
b) skin
c) nails
d) teeth: d) teeth
Keratin is a family of fibrous structural proteins. Keratin is the key structural compo- nent of hair, nails, and the outer layer of human skin
10. What is the relationship between sarcomeres and muscle cells?
a) sarcomeres are muscle cells
b) sarcomeres contain muscle cells
c) muscle cells contain myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres
d) muscle cells contain sarcomeres, which in turn are made up of myofibrils: c) muscle
cells contain myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres
11. A person who has torn their vastus lateralis muscle will need which of the
following?
a) an arm sling
b) a cane or crutches
c) insulin
d) a neck brace: b) a cane or crutches
The vastus lateralis muscle is a voluntary muscle in the legs. It is part of the quadriceps.
12. Muscles produce contraction due to the sliding of:
a) filaments
b) sarcomeres
15. What is the primary role of estrogen in the female reproductive system?
a) it initiates the preparation of the endometrium for pregnancy
b) it triggers the release of the egg from the ovary
c) it causes fertilization
d) it triggers the production of breast milk: a) it initiates the preparation of the
endometrium for pregnancy
16. What is the name of the structure that transfers urine from the kidneys to the
bladder?: -ureters
17. Humans can survive most easily without which of the following?
a) pancreas
b) lungs
c) gallbladder
d) bladder: c) gallbladder
The gallbladder's function is to store bile, but the GI tract is more than capable of producing bile to digest fat without it.
18. Which of the following is NOT a role of cortisol?
a) reducing inflammation
b) raising the blood sugar level
c) inhibiting the release of histamine
d) controlling motor impulses: d) controlling motor impulses
19. How many pairs of spinal nerves are known to exit the spinal cord?: - 31
20. The spinal cord reaches from the base of the skull to the first or second lumbar
vertebra. The base of the skull is also known as:
a) foremen magnum
b) filaments
c) cerebellum
d) corpus callosum: a) foremen magnum
21. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a substance that performs which of the
following?
a) acts as part of the cell membrane
b) acts as energy for the cell
c) acts as a secondary messenger
d) acts as a hormone: c) acts as a secondary messenger
(cyclic AMP)
22. The neuron is composed of a/n , which transmits signals toward the
cell body, and a/n , which transmits signals away from the cell body.: -
b) a control center
c) a medical facility
d) a soldier training facility: a) a waste treatment plant
The kidney recycles minerals and resources still needed in the body while also excreting waste products.
30. What is the most widely distributed type of sweat gland?: - eccrine
31. Moving the arm toward the body would be described as a move-
ment, rather than a movement.: -proximal, distal
32. The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the end of your femur.
What is she describing?: -epiphysis The epiphysis is on each end of long bones, like the femur.
33. Which of the following is true of the axial skeleton?
a) the facial bones include four nasal bones
b) the mandible and maxilla are the only moveable bones of the skull
c) ossicles are a part of the jaw bone
d) the axial skeleton consists of a total of 28 bones in the skull: d) the axial skeleton
consists of a total of 28 bones in the skull
Ossicles are part of the ear, the mandible is the only moveable bone of the skull, and there are only two nasal bones.
34. A patient of yours is diagnosed with emphysema. In emphysema, the alveoli have
trouble exchanging gases between the atmosphere and the blood. It would be true to say that this patient has difficulty with what type of respiration?: -external External respiration is the exchange of gases by the alveoli between the atmosphere and the blood.
35. Deflections of the EKG represent which of the following?
a) the contraction of the heat
b) the relaxation of the heat
c) the electrical activity that precedes contraction and relaxation
d) they physical movement that precedes contraction and relaxation: c) the electrical
activity that precedes contraction and relaxation
36. Follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone
are what type of hormones?: -tropic Tropic hormones act on other endocrine glands.
37. What is the purpose of the mastication of food?: -to increase its surface area
menstruation?: progesterone
46. Which of the following is not a part of the axial skeleton?
a. vertebral column
b. skull
c. thoracic cage
d. upper limbs: d. upper limbs
47. Major event of muscle contraction?: stimulation occurs when acetylcholine is
released from the end of a motor neuron
48. A ventral wound would be found: in the abdomen
49. Which of the following would be considered nonrespiratory air move- ments?
a. inspiration
b. expiration
c. inspiratory reserve volume
d. yawning: d. yawning
50. The pancreas secretes hormones that: regulate glucose in the blood
51. Thin fingerlike projections that line part of the duodenum and all of the jejunum
and ileum are called: villi
52. How many bones are in the cervical vertebrae?: 7
53. How many bones are in the thoracic vertebrae?: 12
54. How many bones are in the lumbar vertebrae?: 5
55. The latissimus dorsi are found in the: shoulders
56. Striated muscles attach to: bones
57. When air enters the bronchi, it travels to the: bronchioles
58. Bones are classified according to: their shape (tissue type: compact or
spongy) (shape: long, short, flat, or irregular)
