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CERAD Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers.
Aim of Highway Code? - Correct Answer To promote safety on the road What happens if you disobey a rule that is identified with MUST/MUST NOT within the Highway Code? - Correct Answer You may be fined, given penalty points, disqualified from driving or sent to prison Rule H1 of the Highway Code - Correct Answer Important that all road users are aware of the Highway Code and are considerate to other road users and understand their responsibility for the safety of others. Those in charge of vehicles that cause greatest harm and hold most responsibility to take care Rule H2 of Highway Code - Correct Answer At junction, should give way to pedestrians crossing of waiting to cross a road into which or from you are turning Rule H3 of the Highway Code - Correct Answer You should not cut across cyclists, horse riders or horse drawn vehicles going ahead when you are turning into or out of a junction or changing direction of lane Rule 89 of the Highway Code - Correct Answer You must ensure vehicle and trailer complies with the full requirements of the Road Vehicles Regulations and Road vehicles lighting regulations What is the Hierarchy of road users designed for - Correct Answer To protect most vulnerable road users What is the hierarchy of road users - Correct Answer Pedestrians Cyclists Horse riders Motorcyclists Motor vehicles Minivan/van HGV's
Highway Code rule 91 - Correct Answer Driving when tired increases risk of collision To minimise risk ensure fit to drive Avoid taking long journeys between midnight and 6am Minimum break 15 mins every 2 hours If tired stop in safe place I AM SAFE to determine if fit to drive - Correct Answer Illness Attitudes Medications Sleep Alcohol Food Emotion Who is responsible for using seatbelt for person over 14 years old in normal car Who is responsible in ambulance - Correct Answer Passenger in normal car Driver in ambulance Definition of a road - Correct Answer Any highway and any other road to which the public have access and includes bridges over which a road passes What offences can cause driving disqualification - Correct Answer Accumulating 12 or more points within 3 years Dangerous driving Drink driving Causing death by dangerous driving Causing death by careless driving under influence of drink or drugs Using vehicle in dangerous condition if similar offence committed within 3 years New drivers who get 6 or more points within 2 years Emergency response drivers should be able to... - Correct Answer Deal with several complicated tasks simultaneously Spread attention during complex drive
Good strategies used to cope with stress - Correct Answer Task-focused Reappraisal/self-evaluation How to alleviate stress - Correct Answer Use all mental capacity available Use learnt strategies High general health level Relax Drive in calm manner Use learnt skills Share difficult decision making Separate problems Put minor errors to side Recognise stress How often should drivers perform dynamic risk assessments - Correct Answer Continually on changing environments and conditions What is the system of car control - Correct Answer It is a way of approaching and negotiating hazards in a way that is methodical, safe and leaves nothing to chance What is a hazard - Correct Answer Anything that is an actual or potential danger Three types of hazards - Correct Answer Physical features Weather Position/movement of other users How to deal with a hazard - Correct Answer Driving plan Observe Anticipate Prioritise Decide what to do Act
What other senses can use - Correct Answer Feel- road changes (ice on road, tyres lose traction so steering will be lighter) Hear- animals, sirens, crossings Smell- manure (could indicate farm near, animals in road, tractors) 4 phases of car control - Correct Answer IPSGA Information Position Speed Gear Acceleration TUG - Correct Answer Take Use Give What is acceleration sense - Correct Answer Ability to vary speed with accelerator alone, meaning less use of braking Creep - Correct Answer Tendency for vehicle to creep forward or brake when in gesr Run on - Correct Answer Tendency for vehicle not to reduce speed through acceleration sense or for downhill Kick down - Correct Answer Allows to accelerate suddenly overriding automatic selection of gears What is tapered breaking - Correct Answer Gradually increase pressure on break pedal Equation for reaction time - Correct Answer Reaction time = decision time + response time 4 common errors of perception - Correct Answer Errors or judgement Errors of hazard perception Habit and expectancy
Personalisation Physiological factors that affect concentration and reaction times - Correct Answer Minor illness Medications Residual blood alcohol Low blood sugar Mood swings Life stress Human factors in motorway driving - Correct Answer Tiredness or boredom on long journeys Frustration Complacency Behaviour of drivers leaving or joining motorway What is deemed to be an emergency response - Correct Answer When all warning equipment is activated, lights and sirens What does the road traffic regulation act 1984 and the traffic signs regulations and general directions 2016 exempt emergency vehicles from - Correct Answer Observing speed limits Observing keel left/right signs Complying with traffic lights When can an exemption be claimed - Correct Answer When observance of the law would be likely to hinder the use of the vehicle for the purpose for which it is being used for Routine exemptions 6p's LSD - Correct Answer Park in zig zag of pedestrian crossing Park in area controlled by double red/yellow/white lines Parking on offside at night Parking/driving on cycle track Parking in central reservation Parking at bus stop Leave the engine running
Stop on a clear way Double parking or parking across dropped kerb Emergency response exemptions MUTTEES - Correct Answer Travel on incorrect side of keep left or right signs Treat red light as a give way Use of audible warning instruments at night between 2330 - 0700 Enter pedestrians precinct Exceed speed limit Stop in yellow box junction Motorway regulations Can you cross a solid white line? If so when? - Correct Answer Never cross a solid white line unless the road is clear, to pass a stationary vehicle or overtake a pedal cycle, horse or road maintenance vehicle travelling at 10pm or less Rule 149 of the Highway Code - Correct Answer Must not use a hand held phone, must not pick up a phone or similar device when moving and stationary. What is a skid - Correct Answer When tyre loses normal grip on the road causing involuntary movements of the vehicle Happens when grip or the tyre is less than the forces acting on it Three types of skid - Correct Answer Understeer (front wheel skid) Oversteer (rear wheel skid) Four wheel skid Causes of a skid - Correct Answer Braking Accelerating Steering Speed Factors which influence speed - Correct Answer Type of vehicle
Cruise control - Correct Answer System that can automatically control the speed of the vehicle and is designed to assist driving. Should not be used in areas where speed may vary suddenly Run lock systems - Correct Answer Allows to remove he ignition key whilst the engine continues to operate to maintain electrical charge. Engine would cut out if theft was attempted Emergency start button - Correct Answer Used if battery drain is affecting engine ignition Electrical umbilical leads - Correct Answer Whilst stationary or parked for long durations should be connected to receive a constant charge Isolators - Correct Answer Can be used for emergency isolation or to preserve battery when parked for long periods of time What is an active safety system - Correct Answer System that try's to prevent collisions Example of active safety system - Correct Answer Anti lock brake systems (ABS) Traction control system (TCS) Electronic stability programme (ESP) Emergency brake assist (EBA) What is a passive safety system - Correct Answer Passive safety systems try to reduce injuryb Examples of passive safety systems - Correct Answer Air bags Seat belt pre- tensioner Side impact protection Passenger cell protection Whiplash protection system Head restraints Crumple zone
Main cause of collisions - Correct Answer Driver error Lapse of concentration Violation of traffic laws How should you drive in icy or snowy weather - Correct Answer Drive at a slow speed in as high a gear as possible, accelerate and brake very gently Check your grip on road surface When should you use your fog lights - Correct Answer Less than 100 metres visibility What to do if break down on motorway - Correct Answer Get yourself to place of safety, over the barrier, on hard shoulder, hazard lights on, use emergency phone What should you do if you are involved in a collision - Correct Answer You must stop Give own, vehicles owners name and address and reg to required person If someone injured report it to the police User operated crossing - Correct Answer Only cross when the light is green, open gates and close when crossed, use telephone if unsure to see if safe to cross What to check on vehicle daily inspection - Correct Answer Exterior Wheels and tyres Under bonnet checks Lights and reflectors All glass, wipers and washers All audible warning equipment and exhaust Ambulance specific equipment/ supplies What to check on pre driving check - Correct Answer Handbrake applied and gear lever Adjust position of seat and steering wheel Adjust all mirrors
What does 'A' mean on marker posts - Correct Answer Northbound What does 'B' mean on marker posts - Correct Answer Southbound When would you use a reverse access tactic to an incident on the motorway - Correct Answer Only when instructed to by control or the police Competencies required for foundation of driving - Correct Answer Knowledge and skills to drive safely Understanding of factors that increase risk of collision Ability to accurately assess your driving behaviour How does acceleration affect tyre grip - Correct Answer The harder you accelerate the less tyre grip you have for steering What should you do if you can't get a good view when manoeuvring - Correct Answer Get out and have a look for hazards What should you consider before overtaking - Correct Answer Vehicle that you're overtaking External factors Interaction between vehicle you're overtaking and those external factors When must not overtake - Correct Answer When have to straddle or cross double solid white line Enter area designed to decide traffic with solid white line Nearest vehicle to pedestrian crossings Lane for bus, cycle or tram in operation No overtaking sign When should you not overtake - Correct Answer Staggered junction Road narrows on both sides Low flying aircraft or sudden aircraft noise
Traffic signals Single stage overtake - Correct Answer Same principle as overtaking stationary car Three stage overtake - Correct Answer Following position- 2s behind Overtaking position Overtaking acceleration- clear path on offside How to join motorway - Correct Answer Signal on at chevron At least 3 signals before move out Shoulder check Move out if safe Turn indicator off when all 4 wheels in lane When should indicator go on when leaving motorway - Correct Answer At 300 yard countdown marker Three forces that reduce tyre grip - Correct Answer Braking, acceleration and steering Safe stopping rule - Correct Answer Drive so you can stop safely within the distance you can see to be clear on your own side of the road Positive camber - Correct Answer Road slopes towards the inside of the turn Negative camber - Correct Answer Road slopes towards the outside of the turn Reflective studs and markings - Correct Answer Centre lines- one cat eye every other gap Hazard lines- one cat eye every gap Double white line- double cat eyes Most at risk of tiredness - Correct Answer Drivers aged 45 and over What lanes are shut for emergency access if there is an accident in lane 1 and/or 2 - Correct Answer Lane 1
Used when on long stretch of roads or open areas Long slow tone is spread out from the front of the vehicle in a fan shape Characteristics of the yelp sound - Correct Answer Emits the sound 'whoo-whoo-whoo' Preferred in heavy slow traffic, at junctions and in built up areas Fast short tones bounce of building, cars and other structures to defect the noice Characteristics of the bull horn - Correct Answer Deep single tone sound Used to supplement normal emergency audible warning equipment Can be used to attract attention but shouldn't be used in an aggressive manner What should you do with emergency warning equipment in stationary traffic and why - Correct Answer Turn it off The sirens and lights can be intimidating, don't want to force vehicles to carry out illegal or dangerous manoeuvre What are the exemptions allowed when lights, lamps and reflectors aren't working - Correct Answer They have stopped working on current journey Arrangements have been made to remedy the defect Towing a trailer with working lights When are you allowed to have blue flashing lights on - Correct Answer Responding to an incident At scene of an incident and need to warn others of your presence Warn others of your approach or presence on road Let people know there is a hazard on the road Facilitate medical treatment of a patient with urgent need Advantages of using 'u' turn - Correct Answer Manoeuvre can be completed without entering roads, reversing or causing other motorists to change course or speed When should you use a 2 point turn - Correct Answer When there is no requirement to bring the vehicle to a stop on the near side due to absence of other road users
When should you use a 3 point turn - Correct Answer Use this when the presence of other vehicles or restricted view causes driver to need to come to complete stop on near side Why is the offside junction better for a 'u' turn - Correct Answer When the driver reaches the stop or give way sign they only have one line if traffic to concede to Safe stopping rule - Correct Answer Always drive so you can stop safely within the distance you can see to be clear on your own side of the road What can you do to prevent tiredness - Correct Answer Adjust your seat so your position is comfortable Good ventilation Take regular breaks- 15mins every 2 hours The more caffeine the less effective it is Physical exercise What can increase glare on windows during night driving - Correct Answer Moisture, grease or dirt When should you use dipped headlights - Correct Answer In built up areas with street lights When more effective than main beam Heavy rain, snow or fog Where can you look to avoid dazzle - Correct Answer Towards near side edge of road What weather can reduce visibility - Correct Answer Fog and mist Heavy rain Snow and sleet Bright sunshine How should you drive through water - Correct Answer Slow even speed Grip steering wheel more tightly to maintain direction
