Histone Methylation: A Stable Epigenetic Modification Regulating Gene Expression, Slides of Biology

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Histone Methylation

Proteins

Histone methylation, first discovered in 1964, is a relatively

stable post-translational modification (PTM) type, which derived

from the interaction between the protein side chain with S-

adenosyl methionine (SAM). This epigenetic modification,

catalyzed by histone methyltransferases (HMTs), can occur at

various sites of histones, but mainly occurs at the N-terminal

lysine and arginine residues of H3 and H4, and it can be

controlled by multiple positive and negative regulatory proteins

to activate or inhibit transcription. This PTM is a very important

and widespread chromatin modification that regulates gene

expression by affecting the precise integration of chromatin or

signal transduction, thereby affecting a variety of physiological

processes in cells. The methylation of histones is reversible, and

a considerable number of HMTs and histone demethylases

(HDMs) have been identified, which jointly participate in

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