HND Level 5 Unit 13 Cloud Computing Assignment 1, Papers of Computer Science

Download HND Level 5 Unit 13 Cloud Computing Assignment 1 and more Papers Computer Science in PDF only on Docsity!

Assignment 1

Unit 13

Cloud

Computing

X

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Cloud Computing.............................................................................................................
  • Definition of Cloud Computing
  • Fundamentals of Cloud Computing..................................................................................
  • Applications of Cloud Computing
  • Benefits and Drawbacks
  • Why Cloud Computing is suitable for Oway
  • Replacing Automatic Software updating in Oway
  • Cloud Computing and Oway’s employees
• Cloud Computing Architecture...........................................................................................
  • Definition
  • Types of architectures
  • Architecture for Oway
• Deployment Models
  • Differences between the deployment models
  • Deployment model for Oway
• Service Models
  • Comparing the service models
  • Service model for Oway
• Cloud Migration
  • Phases of cloud migration
  • Approaches to cloud migration
  • Benefits
• Cloud Computing Problems and Solutions
• Cloud Monitoring Tools
  • Zabbix
  • Observium
  • Nagios Core
• Summary

allowed to designate the location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or data center), creating a perception of geographical independence. Space, time, energy, and money are all examples of resources.

• Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be swiftly and elastically supplied, in some circumstances automatically, to briskly scale out and rapidly released to briskly scale in. The capabilities that can be provisioned often give the impression that they are endless and can be purchased in any amount at any moment.
• Measured service: Automatic resource management in the cloud is made possible by the deployment of a metering capability at a level of abstraction suitable for the service being delivered (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Transparency for the service provider and the user is achieved through the ability to track, manage, and report on resource consumption.

Applications of Cloud Computing

The business uses for cloud computing are numerous. Here are some applications for Cloud Computing:

• Online email: refers to any email client that is a web application and can be accessed over the Internet. (developed by e.g. such as Microsoft, Yahoo!, and Google)
• Online storage services: allow users to save and retrieve digital files from a remote server via the Internet. (such as Microsoft's SkyDrive, Dropbox, and Google Drive)
• Photo Editing Software: Picnik, Pixlr, and other similar free online photo editors are all well-liked. Features such as image cropping, resizing, rotation in degrees, special effects, adding, and editing are all available in a graphical user interface (GUI) in this web-based software.
• Digital Video Software: Hulu is a free digital video software application that allows you to watch videos online without having to pay. It's possible to stream documentaries, TV series, and even movies from the cloud. The Hulu service is a partnership between three visual media businesses. ABC, Inc., NBC Universal, and Fox Entertainment Group. Other well-known video hosting sites include WatchMoviesOnline, the most-visited YouTube, Google Videos, etc. Figure 1 The fundamental features of cloud computing

• Web application: They are only able to run and carry out their duties while connected to the internet. Cloud Antivirus is one such cloud-based application, and it is offered by the Spanish firm Panda Security. This firm's software has the ability to both prevent viruses from infecting a system and to identify and remove malware and other forms of computer virus infestation.
• A stand-alone application: An application that runs locally on a computer without connecting to the internet in order to carry out its intended tasks.

Benefits and Drawbacks

The following is a condensed list of bullet points that can be used to briefly describe the advantages of cloud computing:

1. Achieve economies of scale: Increase output or productivity with fewer systems to achieve economies of scale and lower unit costs.
2. Reduce spending on technology infrastructure: a pay-as-you-go model can help you save money on IT infrastructure by making it simple to get the data and insights you need with no major outlay of cash at the front. This model works similarly to how you would read and pay for your home's electric bill: based on how much energy you use.
3. Globalize the workforce: Anyone with an Internet connection can use cloud services.
4. Streamline business processes: More work may be done in less time and with fewer resources.
5. Reduce capital costs: Lessen the amount of money you have to spend on hardware, software, and licensing fees.
6. Pervasive accessibility: We may access information and programs from anyplace at any time using any kind of modern computer, which greatly improves our quality of life.
7. Improved flexibility: We can quickly adapt to new circumstances in the workplace without putting any vital operations at risk. Cloud computing has obvious drawbacks. Losing Internet access means losing cloud-based files. Security risks arise from relying completely on cloud vendors or providers' computer resources. Cloud computing offers scalability (adding or withdrawing computer resources as needed), but the user or client does not own these resources. Cloud vendors or providers may limit customers' application, OS, and infrastructure choices. The cloud provider may not know about some development platforms, limiting their availability. Lack of application interoperability hinders cloud adoption. This refers to the inability of two or more business applications to share data and resources. In the cloud, this rarely happens because some of these apps may not be offered by any given cloud provider, and providers who offer the same apps rarely work together.

Why Cloud Computing is suitable for Oway

In terms of data storage, server security, and uptime, Oway is currently experiencing problems. They have to back up data every day, but there isn't enough space to hold it all, and there are plenty of security issues because they use a physical server. When the servers go down due to technical difficulties, the company and its customers are both inconvenienced. This, in turn, can result in lower productivity, loss of consumers, and a negative impact on the company's reputation. When data is kept in the cloud rather than on physical servers, the issue of insufficient storage space disappears. As a result, it makes the system less vulnerable to data loss and other forms of vulnerability. All relevant information will be stored in the cloud, making it accessible from any location with an internet connection.

Cloud Computing Architecture

Definition

The foundation of any technological model is its architecture, a hierarchical framework for describing the model's components. The architecture of the cloud provides a description of how it operates. Everything from its underlying dependencies to the components built on top of it are included. The cloud is a relatively new technology that relies heavily on connectivity to the web. See Figure 2 for a visual representation of the architecture. Based on how the user interacts with the cloud, the cloud's architecture can be broken down into four distinct layers. Figure 2 shows a list of them:

Types of architectures

There are several architecture designs available for cloud computing, the following shows some examples: Non-redundant 3 Tier Architecture: Three-tier architectures that are not redundant are used to cut costs and resources but come with an increased risk. A single point of failure means that the correct outbound and incoming traffic cannot be maintained if even one part of the system fails. This method is normally reserved for use in a testing or development setting. It is not suggested that this layout be used in actual production environments. Redundant 3 Tier Architecture: Three-tier architectures with redundancy consist of a second set of the same parts. Designing for failover and recovery protection does increase complexity, but it is necessary. Planning the components within each layer (horizontal scaling) and the traffic flow between layers (vertical scaling) is essential when designing redundant infrastructures (vertical scaling). Cloud and Dedicated Hosting Architecture: Public and private cloud resources can be used in conjunction with on-premises or off-premises data center hardware to form a hybrid cloud solution. This can be used to show where your data is physically stored, if necessary. Even if the database cannot be moved to a cloud-based platform, other layers of the application may be able to. A hybrid architecture can employ a virtual private network (VPN) to create an encrypted connection over a public IP among cloud and dedicated servers in these cases. Figure 2 Cloud Computing Architecture

Failover Multi-Cloud Architecture: If the primary cloud provider could use the same server templates and scripts to configure and launch resources into a secondary cloud provider, then the secondary cloud provider could be used for business continuity. When deciding whether or not to go with this choice, it's important to think about things like public vs. private IP addresses and SLAs with your service provider. In the event of an issue or failure that necessitates switching clouds, a multi-cloud architecture will make the process of doing so straightforward.

Architecture for Oway

Cloud computing architecture chosen for Oway is failover multi cloud architecture. By using multi-cloud, they can reduce downtime for vital services with the help of a strategy and design. Workload can be deployed and orchestrated workloads across different clouds while maximizing performance, availability, and cost. Additionally, when one of the cloud platforms goes offline, the other will still be online, thus, reducing the chances of service failure and other losses. By adopting this approach, Oway can raise their bar on security. IT can lessen the likelihood of data loss and leakage, shoddy authentication, and lateral platform compromises by introducing new services into the broader corporate portfolio with explicit instructions on how users can authenticate data, how it can flow, and where it can live.

Deployment Models

Cloud services can be deployed, or made available to customers, in a number of different ways, depending on factors like the cloud provider's structure and the location where services are provisioned. In addition, it can be grasped like this: There is a wide variety of cloud (Internet- based) computing resources available, each catering to a different function in the acquisition and provisioning of data and services for its customers. The four primary types of cloud service deployment are public, private, community, and hybrid. Figure 3 Types of Deployment Models

Examples: Salesforce, Netsuite and Concur Examples: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Coogle App Engine and force.com Examples: AWS, Microsoft Azure and GoGrid Table 2 Types of cloud service models

Comparing the service models

Cloud Delivery Model Typical Level of Control Granted to Cloud Consumer Typical Functionality Made Available to Cloud Consumer SaaS Usage and usage-related configuration Access to front-end user-interface PaaS Limited administrative Moderate level of administrative control over IT resources relevant to cloud consumer’s usage of platform IaaS Full administrative Full access to virtualized infrastructure- related IT resources and possibly, to be underlying physical IT resources Table 3 Differences between cloud service models

Service model for Oway

IaaS is chosen based on Oway's needs. IaaS makes private cloud storage scalable, cutting expenses and upkeep. Automatic resource provisioning helps Oway's IaaS infrastructure handle a rise in website visitors. It can build and release software without caring about RAM or CPU. Oway uses IaaS from basic concept through final deployment and maintenance. Oway's IAAS applications are scalable and highly available due to middleware. Oway has full control over the resources used, so IT workers can focus on other initiatives. With IaaS, consumers can access the cloud with just an internet connection. Scalability allows for easy addition of new features and APIs. Oway can connect a new branch office to its current IT infrastructure without buying new gear. They can avoid investing in additional facilities as the firm grows. IaaS delivers the IT elasticity a growing firm needs. IaaS's suitability for Oway is boosted by its disaster-proof architecture. Fixing the entire cloud infrastructure will be costly. Most IaaS cloud service providers put their hardware in secure, available, purpose-built data centers with N+1 power, cooling, and network redundancy. Conventional office-based deployments stop producing if the office becomes uninhabitable or the power goes out. IaaS helps organizations prevent or reduce downtime because their infrastructure is housed in the cloud and accessible from anywhere, even if a storm knocks out the office's electricity. IaaS reduces the time needed to restore the company's infrastructure after a disaster.

Cloud Migration

To migrate to the cloud is to transfer one or more business applications and their associated information technology infrastructures from their current hosting configuration to a public, private, or hybrid cloud. The move to the cloud has the potential to drastically cut down on application costs. Evaluation, migration strategy, prototyping, provisioning, and testing are all stages in this process.

Phases of cloud migration

Evaluation: In order to construct a business case for migrating to the cloud, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of all relevant factors, such as the current state of the infrastructure and application architecture, the environment in terms of compute, storage, monitoring, and management, service level agreements (SLAs), operational functions, financial concerns, risk, security, adherence, and licensing needs. Migration strategy: Using the results of the evaluation, a migration strategy is developed, in this case a hot plug strategy in which the applications, along with their data and interface dependencies, are isolated and put into operation simultaneously. When migrating only a subset

• Modularity in the cloud
• Successfully enhanced efficiency

Cloud Computing Problems and Solutions

Cloud computing might be beneficial for most businesses but it also has its own drawback and other challenges. Below are some examples that a business might face when migrating to cloud computing.

1. Budgeting and spending restraint

One of the potential problems with cloud computing is money. It's generally true that the advent of modern computing has resulted in cost savings for businesses. By moving their workloads to the cloud, businesses can quickly increase their processing power without spending a lot of money on new hardware. However, it can be tricky to define and predict quantities and costs when using cloud computing services due to their on-demand and scalable nature. Fortunately, there are a number of approaches to controlling cloud costs, such as optimizing expenditures through improved financial analytics and reporting, automating governance policies, and maintaining a steady management reporting practice. Multi-cloud computing tools are a relatively new development that helps reduce expenses and address this critical issue in the cloud.

2. Lack of knowledge or tools

Lack of knowledge or tools is one of the cloud challenges that businesses and organizations face today. Despite the rapid development of cloud technologies, organizations are increasingly putting more workloads in the system. Companies are struggling to keep up with technological advances for these reasons. The demand for specialized knowledge is also increasing. Additional training of IT and development staff can help mitigate these difficulties. To further aid cloud adoption, having a strong CIO who is an advocate for it is a plus.

3. Compliance

Compliance is one of the threats that cloud computing must deal with today. That's a problem for everyone who relies on storage or backups. When transferring information from on-premises servers to the cloud, businesses must ensure they are in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations. Every company, no matter the size or focus, has a responsibility to uphold these standards. Customers should look for providers who are able to guarantee compliance and verify that they are governed by the relevant standards. Some providers deliver certified compliance, but this doesn't always eliminate the need for further discussion and compromise on both sides.

Cloud Monitoring Tools

Zabbix

Zabbix is an open source monitoring tool built by professionals for companies of all sizes and across a wide range of industries. Its user-friendly interface allows for the continuous tracking of millions of metrics produced by network gadgets and virtual machines. In addition to keeping track of everything, the consolidated system also performs analysis and provides visual representations of the metrics and statistics. As soon as the tool detects a problem, it will notify the user immediately. Zabbix is an excellent platform for keeping tabs on your system's infrastructure. It has sophisticated problem detection capabilities, automated metric collection, and decentralized monitoring, all of which are made possible by the autodiscovery function. Businesses of all sizes in sectors as diverse as education, medical, government, commerce, finance, and others can benefit from using the platform. Pros Cons Automatic discovery features supported. Servers and workstations can only be continuously monitored if an agent is actively functioning. Quick installation and configuration Has features for managing the infrastructure. Stores information in a unified database.

Summary

The Myanmar travel industry leader, Oway, is having trouble with data storage, server security, and availability. This is why they've made the bold move to the cloud: to avoid these issues. With its ability to lessen downtime, workload, and expenses, failover multi cloud architecture has been selected for implementation at Oway. Data loss, poor authentication, and lateral platform compromises are all mitigated with this architecture's improved security measures. As a result, Oway has decided that the private cloud is the best option for deploying their cloud- based systems. The problems that Oway is having right now are straightforward to fix owing to private's convenient features. Oway prioritizes their wants when deciding on an IaaS provider. With IaaS, private cloud storage can be made scalable, which reduces costs and maintenance. Oway's IaaS infrastructure is better able to deal with a spike in traffic thanks to automatic resource provisioning. It can release software without regard to memory or processing speed. From initial conception to ongoing maintenance, Oway relies on IaaS. Middleware allows Oway's IAAS applications to scale and be highly available. Evaluation, migration plan, prototyping, provisioning, and testing are the five steps involved in a cloud migration. There are numerous benefits to moving to the cloud. Oway can save money on hardware, lessen the strain on scarce resources, become more adaptable, work faster, and use fewer resources by migrating to the cloud. With cloud computing, Oway has to deal with a number of complications. Spending and resource constraints, information gaps, data breaches, incorrect settings, and malicious insiders are all potential problems and appropriate solutions to those problems are provided. A selection of the most useful free cloud monitoring software is also included. Pros Cons Helps with Tracking Server and Network Health Free version of Nagios is severely lacking in functionality. Capable of monitoring several devices at once, but it requires the SNMP protocol to do so. Only premium plans include extras like wizards and dynamic dashboards. Has a number of alert and notification capabilities. Most setups have a steep learning curve. The plugins and extensions can be downloaded for free. Has an awkward user interface and can't monitor network speed.

References

Chandrasekaran, K. (2015) Essentials of Cloud Computing , CRC Press. Kapadia, A., Varma, S. and Rajana, K. (2014) Implementing Cloud Storage with OpenStack. Packt Publishing. Patawari, A. (2013) Getting Started with own Cloud. Packt Publishing. Rhoton, J. and De Clercq, J. (2014) OpenStack Cloud Computing: Architecture. Recursive Press. Thomas Eri, T. and Ricardo Puttin, R. (2013) Cloud Computing: Concept, Technology and Architecture. Prentice Hall. Zhu, S-Y. and Hill, R. (2016) Guide to Security Assurance for Cloud Computing , Springer. Ruperelia, N. (2016) Cloud Computing. MIT Press. Pal, S. (2022) Cloud Computing Solutions: Architecture, Data Storage, Implementation and Security. Wiley-Scrivener. https://cloudinfrastructureservices.co.uk/best-open-source-monitoring-tools/ https://www.datapine.com/blog/cloud-computing-risks-and-challenges/#challenges https://www.embee.co.in/blog/top-cloud-computing-security-risks-and-solutions/ https://www.makeen.io/cloud-computing-security-challenges-their-solutions/ https://www.cloudmanagementinsider.com/cloud-migration-approach/ https://www.getcloudapp.com/blog/workplace-cloud-use/ https://www.ibm.com/blogs/cloud-computing/2014/08/06/cloud-computing-affecting- employment/ https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/iaas-paas-saas https://www.business.qld.gov.au/running-business/digital-business/online-risk-security/cloud- computing/benefits#:~:text=Cloud%20computing%20allows%20employees%20to,you%20hav e%20an%20internet%20connection).