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• Project #2
•HW #3
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Fitts' Law and GOMS Model: Understanding User Behavior in Human-Computer Interaction - Pro, Study notes of Computer Science
An overview of fitts' law and the goms (goals, operators, methods, selection rules) model, two fundamental concepts in human-computer interaction (hci) for understanding user behavior. Fitts' law describes the relationship between the size of a target and the time it takes to move to it, while the goms model breaks down user tasks into goals, operators, methods, and selection rules. Examples and applications of these models, as well as their limitations.
Typology: Study notes
Pre 2010
1 / 17
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Questions?
•^
Project
•^
HW
Put it together: Fitts’ law (original)
D
w
log
(2D/W) 2
GOMS (Card et al.)
•^
Family of methods–
KLM, CMN-GOMS, NGOMSL, CPM-GOMS
•^
Describe the user behavior in term of–
Goals
•^
Edit manuscript, locate line
–^
Operators
•^
Elementary perceptual, motor or cognitive acts
–^
Methods
•^
Procedure for accomplishing goals
–^
Selection rules
•^
Used if several methods are available for a given goal
GOMS example I
-^
Setting
-^
Analysis
GOMS example II
(From HCI Models, Theories and Frameworks, J. Carroll)
-^
Using a text editor edit the following text as shown
-^
Analysis?
The fox jumps over the lazy quick brown dog.
How to use KML
•^
Encode using all physical operator (K, P, H, D(
n
, l
), R(
t ))
•^
Apply KML rules [0-4]
•^
Transform R followed by an M–
If
t^
≤^
tM
: R(
t )^
R(
–^
If
tM
t^
: R(
t )^
R(
t - t
) M
•^
Compute the total time by simply adding all times–
Will describe expert user behavior
KLM heuristic rules (Raskin’s)
0: Insert M
•^
In front of all Ks
-^
In front of all P’s selecting a command
1: Remove M between
fully anticipated
operators
•^
PMK
PK
2: if a string of MKs belong to
cognitive unit
delete all M but first
•^
4564.23: MKMKMKMKMKMKMK
MKKKKKKK
3: if K is a
redundant terminator
then delete M in front of it
: MKMK
MKK
4a: if K terminate a constant string (command name) delete the M in front of it
•^
cd
: MKKMK
MKKK
4b: if K terminate a variable string (parameter) keep the M in front of it
•^
cd class
: MKKKMKKKKKMK
MKKKMKKKKKMK
Converting temperature: design 2
(“Humane Interface”, Raskin)
HMPKPK (4.35s)
Average: 13.1s
HMPKSKMPKSKMPKSKMPKPK (21.9s)
Converting temperature: design 3
(“Humane Interface”, Raskin)
•^
Simple text interface with the following prompt:“To convert temperatures, type the numeric temperature, followed by C if it isin degrees Celsius or F it is in degrees Fahrenheit. The converted temperaturewill be displayed” MKKKKMK (3.7s)
Average: 3.7s
Pros and Cons
“To convert temperatures, type the numerictemperature, followed by C if it is in degrees Celsiusor F it is in degrees Fahrenheit. The convertedtemperature will be displayed”
GOMS: Application and limitations
•^
Applications–
Telephone operator (CPM-GOMS)
-^
CAD system (NGOMSL)
-^
Text editing with the mouse (KLM)
•^
Limitations–
Skilled users
-^
Do not deal with error
-^
Do not deal with skill acquisition
-^
Do not deal with high level issues
•^
Functionality
-^
Workload
-^
Fatigue