Homework Assignment 1 for Communications Systems | ECE 459, Assignments of Digital Communication Systems

Material Type: Assignment; Class: Communications Systems; Subject: Electrical and Computer Engr; University: University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign; Term: Fall 2006;

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ECE 461 Fall 2006
August 24, 2006
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT 1
Reading: Text, Chapter 2
Due Date: August 31, 2006 (in class)
1. Use your knowledge of Gaussian and jointly Gaussian pdfs to get the answers to the
following directly (without resorting to integration).
(a) Find the variance of the random variable that has density
fX(x) = 1
4πe(x3)2
4,for all x.
(b) Suppose fX,Y (x, y ) = 1
2πλ2ex2+y2
2λ2. Find E[X2+Y2].
2. Let X1, X2,...,Xnbe i.i.d. random variables each with pdf fX(x).
(a) Find the pdf of Y= min{X1, X2,...,Xn}.
(b) Find the pdf of Z= max{X1, X2,...,Xn}.
3. Random variables Xand Yare jointly Gaussian with means mX= 1, mY= 2,
variances σ2
X= 4, σ2
Y= 9, and Cov(X, Y ) = 4.
(a) Find the correlation coefficient between Xand Y.
(b) If Z= 2X+Yand W=X2Y, find Cov(Z, W ).
(c) Find the pdf of Z.
(d) Find the joint pdf of Zand W.
4. Suppose Xis a random variable that is uniformly distributed on the interval [0,1],
that is fX(x) is 1 on the interval [0,1] and 0 otherwise.
(a) Suppose Y=e2X. Find FY(y) and fY(y).
Hint: Begin with FY(y) = P{Yy}= P{e2Xy}= P{X (log y)/2}.
(b) Now suppose that a random process (which is only defined for t > 0) is given by
Y(t) = etX . Find the cdf and pdf of the random variable Y(t0), where t0is a
fixed positive number.
c
V.V. Veeravalli, 2006 1
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ECE 461 Fall 2006

August 24, 2006

HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT 1

Reading: Text, Chapter 2 Due Date: August 31, 2006 (in class)

  1. Use your knowledge of Gaussian and jointly Gaussian pdfs to get the answers to the following directly (without resorting to integration).

(a) Find the variance of the random variable that has density

fX (x) =

4 π

e−^

(x−3)^2 (^4) , for all x.

(b) Suppose fX,Y (x, y) =

2 πλ^2

e−^

x^2 +y^2 2 λ^2. Find E[X^2 + Y 2 ].

  1. Let X 1 , X 2 ,... , Xn be i.i.d. random variables each with pdf fX (x).

(a) Find the pdf of Y = min{X 1 , X 2 ,... , Xn}. (b) Find the pdf of Z = max{X 1 , X 2 ,... , Xn}.

  1. Random variables X and Y are jointly Gaussian with means mX = 1, mY = 2, variances σ X^2 = 4, σ Y^2 = 9, and Cov(X, Y ) = −4.

(a) Find the correlation coefficient between X and Y. (b) If Z = 2X + Y and W = X − 2 Y , find Cov(Z, W ). (c) Find the pdf of Z. (d) Find the joint pdf of Z and W.

  1. Suppose X is a random variable that is uniformly distributed on the interval [0, 1], that is fX (x) is 1 on the interval [0, 1] and 0 otherwise.

(a) Suppose Y = e−^2 X^. Find FY (y) and fY (y). Hint: Begin with FY (y) = P{Y ≤ y} = P{e−^2 X^ ≤ y} = P{X ≥ −(log y)/ 2 }. (b) Now suppose that a random process (which is only defined for t > 0) is given by Y (t) = e−tX^. Find the cdf and pdf of the random variable Y (t 0 ), where t 0 is a fixed positive number.

©cV.V. Veeravalli, 2006 1

  1. Bounds on the Q function.

Q(x) =

x

e−t (^2) / 2 √ 2 π

dt

(a) For x > 0 show that the following upper and lower bounds hold for the Q function: ( 1 −

x^2

e−x (^2) / 2

x

2 π

≤ Q(x) ≤

e−x (^2) / 2

x

2 π

Hint: For the upper bound, write the integrand as a product of 1/t and te−t

(^2) / 2 , use integration by parts, and bound. For the lower bound, integrate by parts once more and bound. (b) As you know from ECE 459 or an equivalent communications course, the bit error probability for BPSK signaling in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with PSD N 0 /2 is given by:

Pe = Q

2 Eb N 0

where Eb is the bit energy. Plot the error probabililty Pe (on a log scale) versus signal-to-noise ratio Eb/N 0 (in dB) using Matlab or Mathematica. (You may need to use an appropriately modified version of the error function in these packages.) Consider Eb/N 0 ranging from −5 dB to 15 dB. Also plot the bounds and compare.

©cV.V. Veeravalli, 2006 2