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Material Type: Assignment; Class: Communications Systems; Subject: Electrical and Computer Engr; University: University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign; Term: Fall 2006;
Typology: Assignments
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ECE 461 Fall 2006
August 24, 2006
Reading: Text, Chapter 2 Due Date: August 31, 2006 (in class)
(a) Find the variance of the random variable that has density
fX (x) =
4 π
e−^
(x−3)^2 (^4) , for all x.
(b) Suppose fX,Y (x, y) =
2 πλ^2
e−^
x^2 +y^2 2 λ^2. Find E[X^2 + Y 2 ].
(a) Find the pdf of Y = min{X 1 , X 2 ,... , Xn}. (b) Find the pdf of Z = max{X 1 , X 2 ,... , Xn}.
(a) Find the correlation coefficient between X and Y. (b) If Z = 2X + Y and W = X − 2 Y , find Cov(Z, W ). (c) Find the pdf of Z. (d) Find the joint pdf of Z and W.
(a) Suppose Y = e−^2 X^. Find FY (y) and fY (y). Hint: Begin with FY (y) = P{Y ≤ y} = P{e−^2 X^ ≤ y} = P{X ≥ −(log y)/ 2 }. (b) Now suppose that a random process (which is only defined for t > 0) is given by Y (t) = e−tX^. Find the cdf and pdf of the random variable Y (t 0 ), where t 0 is a fixed positive number.
©cV.V. Veeravalli, 2006 1
Q(x) =
x
e−t (^2) / 2 √ 2 π
dt
(a) For x > 0 show that the following upper and lower bounds hold for the Q function: ( 1 −
x^2
e−x (^2) / 2
x
2 π
≤ Q(x) ≤
e−x (^2) / 2
x
2 π
Hint: For the upper bound, write the integrand as a product of 1/t and te−t
(^2) / 2 , use integration by parts, and bound. For the lower bound, integrate by parts once more and bound. (b) As you know from ECE 459 or an equivalent communications course, the bit error probability for BPSK signaling in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with PSD N 0 /2 is given by:
Pe = Q
2 Eb N 0
where Eb is the bit energy. Plot the error probabililty Pe (on a log scale) versus signal-to-noise ratio Eb/N 0 (in dB) using Matlab or Mathematica. (You may need to use an appropriately modified version of the error function in these packages.) Consider Eb/N 0 ranging from −5 dB to 15 dB. Also plot the bounds and compare.
©cV.V. Veeravalli, 2006 2