Directions: Summarize the key concepts and metaparadigm of nursing as directly provided by the theorist in his/her theory using a matrix. Organize the matrix
as well as additional contents as you find more relevant and helpful for you to familiarize the different nursing and relevant theories. Provide your references,
utilizing first the main reference we use in our course. Place the activity in a legal sized bond paper. You can have it encoded or handwritten. The other details
maybe decided by you as needed.
Theorist Theory Theoretical
Assertions/Concepts/K
ey Feature
Nursing Health Human/Person Environment
A. Nursing Philosophies
Florence
Nightingale
1. Nightingale’s
Environmental
Theory
Identified five (5)
environmental factors:
fresh air, pure water,
efficient drainage,
cleanliness, or
sanitation, and light or
direct sunlight
“Ought to signify the
proper use of fresh air,
light, warmth, cleanliness,
quiet, and the proper
selection and
administration of diet all at
the least expense of vital
power to the patient.”
Nightingale states that
“health is not only to be
well, but to be able to use
well every power we
have.”
In most of her writings,
Nightingale referred to the
person as a patient. Nurses
performed tasks to and for
the patient and controlled the
patient’s environment
to enhance recovery.
Nightingale
(1969) emphasized that the
nurse was in control
of and responsible for the
patient’s environmental
surroundings. Nightingale
Nightingale’s concept of
environment emphasized
that nursing was “to
assist nature in healing
the patient. Her
admonition to nurses,
both those providing care
in the home and trained
nurses in hospitals, was to
create and maintain a
therapeutic environment
that would enhance the
comfort and recovery of
the patient.
2. Watson’s
Theory of
Human Caring
Watson bases her theory for
nursing practice on the
following 10 carative factors.
The first three interdependent
factors serve as the
According to Watson
(1988), the word nurse is
both noun and verb. To her,
nursing consists of
Watson uses interchangeably
the terms human being,
person, life, personhood, and
self. She views the person
Pangilinan, Krisha E.
BSN-1E
TFN
Theoretical Foundation of Nursing
