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HONORS AMERICAN HISTORY SUMMER WORK EXAM NEWEST
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Expansionism westward, manifest destiny (1845-1855) Isolationism (1853-1890) Sectionalism (1850-1865) Period of Rapid Industrialism (1877-1920) .Revolt of the Common Man (1868-1935) (Farmers, Populists, Labor, Progressives, Socialists) Imperialism (1890-1935) (Pacific, Caribbean, Latin America, Span-Am War)
. World War I [1914-(1917)-1919] (A temporary break with Isolationism) "Normalcy" "Boom" Stock Market Crash and Depression (1920-1941) World War II [1939-(1941)-1945] (The complete break from Isolationism) Cold War
Domestic Upheaval (1960-1991)
. End of the Cold War, a New World Order 1991 - present The Civil War shreds the country and threatens its future 1861 - 1865 The first transcontinental RR is completed (Central/Union Pacific) 1869 Reconstruction ends & Edison's phonograph 1877 Thomas Edison's Light Bulb 1879 Supreme Court Case "Plessy v. Ferguson" (Separate but Equal OK) 1896 The Spanish American War brings USA into imperial conflict 1898 World War I permanently establishes US as a world power 1914 - 1919 The 19th Amendment is passed. Women get the vote. 1920 The stock market crash kicks off the Great Depression 1929 FDR takes office and brings the NEW DEAL to fight Depression
9/11 terrorists attack the US in New York, Washington DC, and Pennsylvania 2001 Second Gulf War/Operation Iraqi Freedom topples Saddam Hussein 2003 US falls into the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression 2007 US elects first African American President with Barack Obama 2008 W.E.B DuBois 1868 - 1963 One of the founders of NAACP (c. 1909)
- Opposed Booker T. Washington's white cooperation theory and wanted black militancy
- Wanted full citizenship roles for the freedman
- In the struggle for social justice, he was ahead of his time Thomas Edison 1847 - 1941 Key inventor of the early 20th century (light bulb, phonograph, motion picture)
- Born in Ohio, raised in Michigan, established his laboratory in New Jersey
- Called the Wizard of Menlo Park
Andrew Carnegie 1835 - 1919
- "The Steel King" - captain of industry
- At one time the richest man in the world
- Philanthropist, gave over $300 million away to charities John D. Rockefeller 1839 - 1937 The Oil King" - Captain of Industry, Billionaire founder of Standard Oil
- Philanthropist, gave over $500 million dollars to charities
- Once lived in Cleveland
- Was the richest and for a time, most hated man in Americ Henry Ford 1863 - 1947
- Made automobile affordable
- Key innovations on the assembly line and in the paying of high wages which enabled workers to buy cars
- Became the #1 automaker in the world Upton Sinclair 1866 - 1939
- Made JDR the most hated man in America
- Didn't care how big and powerful Standard Oil got, they needed to "play by the rules" Susan B. Anthony 1820 - 1906
- Long time social reformer and women's suffrage leader
- She laid the groundwork for the 19th Amendment
- Teamed with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and fought for over a half century for women's rights and social justice Albert Einstein 1879 - 1955
- Quantum Theory (1905) and Theory of Relativity (1915)
- Instrumental in pushing research on the atomic bomb
- Later regretted his support for the bomb
- Came to America to escape the Nazis Charles Lindbergh 1902 - 1974 "Lucky Lindy" popularized air travel with his solo transAtlantic flight (1927)
- In the 1930s, son was kidnapped and murdered
- Avid isolationist before WWII - America Firs Babe Ruth 1895 - 1948 Popularized professional athletics (baseball- the Sultan of Swat)
- First true sports hero
- Made the Yankees the team to beat
- Started out as a pitcher for the Boston Red Sox Jane Addams 1860 - 1935 Long-time humanitarian and social reformer
- Founded Hull House in Chicago. Settlement house that was devoted to the improvement of the lives immigrants
- First American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize Douglas MacArthur 1880 - 1964 Brilliant Pacific commander in WWII
- Hero of Inchon landing during Korean Conflict
- Challenged Truman's strategy and competence in Korean War and was fired
Supreme Court Chief Justice 1953- 1969
- Established "liberal" agenda
- Overturned separate but equal with Brown v. Board of Ed decision
- Rights of the criminally accused (Gideon, Miranda, Escobedo) Martin Luther King, Jr. 1929 - 1968 Greatest of the black civil rights leaders
- Led the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955- 56
- Passive resistance, non-violence
- Assassinated in Memphis, TN 1968 Rosa Parks 1913 - 2005 Civil Rights activist and member of the Montgomery NAACP
- Refused to give up seat on public bus to a white man
- Arrest led to the start of the Montgomery Bus Boycotts Thurgood Marshall 1908 - 1993 Successful NAACP lawyer in Brown v.
Board of Education in 1954
- First black member of the Supreme Court
- Continuously pushed an activist agenda Cesar Chavez 1927 - 1993 1960s leader of the "Brown Power" movement of immigrant and poor migrant workers
- Organized the United Farm Workers
- Symbol of the migrant farm workers' pride Betty Friedan 1921 - 2006 Author of the Feminine Mystique and founder of the National Organization of Women
- Consider the founder of the modern feminist movement
- Social activist until her death in 2006 Sandra Day O'Connor 1930 - Retired Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
โ McKinley (Ohio Republican) defeated the Populist-Democrat William Jennings Bryan โ Bryan will lose again in 1900 to McKinley and 1908 to Taft Election of 1920: Harding v. Cox All Ohio election โ Returned USA to "normalcy" after WWI โ Fully destroys the chance of US entry into the League of Nations โ Warren Harding (Republican) defeats James Cox (Democrat, League supporter). Cox's defeat seen as a defeat of the idea of international cooperation Election of 1932: Franklin Roosevelt v. Hoover FDR (NY Democrat) brings the New Deal by defeating incumbent Herbert Hoover (Republican) โ Republicans are blamed for the Depression. โ FDR wins again in 1936, 1940, and 1944 Election of 1960: Kennedy v. Nixon โ JFK (Massachusetts Democrat) defeated VP Richard Nixon (California Republican) โ JFK is the first Catholic president and the youngest to be elected โ First national TV debates--changes politics forever Election of 1980: Reagan v. Carter โ Georgia peanut farmer and incumbent president, Jimmy Carter (Democrat) lost to a movie star from California, Ronald Reagan (Republican) โ Republican Revolution began, bringing conservative values to America
โ Began the movement to scale down the size and activities of the federal government Election of 2000: Bush v. Gore George W. Bush (Republican) defeated Al Gore (VP & Democrat) in the most controversial election in over a century โ Contested Florida ballots are key โ Gore got 500,000 more popular votes but Bush was finally awarded the majority of the electoral votes and the presidency โ For the first time, the US Supreme Court has to step in and rule on the election process The Civil War 1861- 1865 โ OUTCOME: North "conquers" the South โ ISSUES: Preservation of the Union, slavery, North Economy v. South Economy The Spanish American War 1898 OUTCOME: USA defeats Spain, gains Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, Samoa โ ISSUES: "Protection" of Cuban friend, Yellow Journalism, American interests in Pacific/Caribbean World War I 1914- 1917 - 1919 OUTCOME: USA & Allies defeat Central Powers (Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Germany), Treaty of Versailles โ ISSUES: Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism, Nationalism The Korean Conflict 1950- 1953 OUTCOME: US, UN, & S. Korea fight N. Korea and Red China
established precedents for the future governing of the United States. Primarily decided four main issues:
- Established a temporary government in the territory that would eventually make up what is today Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin
- Provided a path for statehood for the territories--which included the establishment of state operated educational systems
- Guaranteed the bill of rights to inhabitants of the new territories and prohibited slavery in them
- Outlined a way to survey and denote the new lands so they could be sold to settlers Articles of Confederation: Created in haste during the Revolutionary War but fell short of establishing a lasting government. The articles lacked the power to raise a federal army, collect taxes, and could not force the states to trade with each other. The Federalist Papers A series of essays written under the pen name Publis by Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. Written in support of the passage of the Federal Constitution, which provided a strong central government rather than state government. The Anti-Federalist Papers A series of essays written under the pen name Brutus and Cao by George Clinton, Robert Yates, and others. Written against the passage of the Federal Constitution. The Constitution of the USA:
The Constitution is the highest law in the US. All other laws come from the Constitution. It establishes how the government works using a system of check and balances between the Presidency, a bicameral Congress and Supreme Court. Each state also has a constitution. The constitutions of the states are their highest law for that state--but the United States Constitution is higher. The Bill of Rights: Also known as the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. The Bill of Rights is derived from English law, ideas of the Enlightenment, the experiences of the American colonists, early experiences of self-government and the national debate over the ratification of the Constitution of the United States. These 10 Amendments focus on the rights of the individual within the US. 1 Five Freedoms (Speech, Religion, Assembly, Petition, Press) 2 : Right to Bear Arms 3 No Quartering of Troops 4 No Search/Seizures Without Reason 5 : Due Process; No Double Jeopardy; No
(1870): Black males are given suffrage 16 (1913): Income taxes made constitutiona 17 (1913): Direct election of senators 18 (1920): Cannot manufacture or sell alcohol 19 (1920): Women's suffrage 20 (1933): "Lame Duck" Inauguration moved from March 4 to January 20 21 (1933): Prohibition reversed 22 (1951): Only two terms for the president 23 (1961): Electors for Washington DC 24 (1964): Eliminated Poll Taxes
(1967): Presidential succession from removal, death, or disability 26 (1971): 18-year-olds can vote 27 (1992): Restricts Congressional pay raises Bill of Rights; amendments 1 - 10 Reconstruction Amendments 13 - 15 Presidential Amendments: 12, 20, 22, 25 Election/Voting Amendments: 17, 19, 23, 24, 26 Prohibition: 18, 21 No Category 11, 16, 27
