Download Horticulture Terminology: Comprehensive Definitions and Concepts - Prof. Shawn and more Exams Gardening and Horticulture in PDF only on Docsity!
HORTICULTURE TERMS TEST FULLY DEFINED
Agriculture - correct answer the science and technology of growing and raising plants and animals Agronomy - correct answer the science and technology of culturing, utilizing and improving field crops (grain forage and forest crops) Forestry - correct answer the science and technology of culturing, utilizing and improving forest trees and their products (ex: pulp, resins, oils, etc.) Horticulture - correct answer the science, technology and art of culturing, utilizing and improving fruit, vegetable, flowering and ornamental plants. Olericulture - correct answer and area of horticulture: vegetable culture and production Pomology - correct answer and are of hort.: fruit and nut cultivation Ornamental Hort - correct answer an area of hort: plants grown for aesthetic uses, improvement of quality of life and our environment, and functional uses (ex: energy conservation) Floriculture - correct answer an area of ornam hort: flowering and foliage plant culture and production Floristry - correct answer an area of orna hort: floral design and retail floristry operation Nursery Production - correct answer an area of orna hort: tree, shrub and vine culture and production Landscape Hort - correct answer an area of orna hort: exterior and interior design, construction and maintenance of landscapes Turf - correct answer an area of hort: grasses for lawns, sports facilities, landscapes and golf courses ( in Agrgronomy in many Universities) What is the function of the Dermal Tissue System? - correct answer It protects from the environment and water loss. ( from all that is evil on the outside) Epidermis - correct answer single layer of cells on primary (herbaceous) plant parts.. When plant is young Periderm or bark - correct answer a corky tissue that replaces epidermis on secondary (woody) plant parts
What is the function of the Vascular Tissue System? - correct answer It conducts water, nutrients, sugars and hormones throughout the plant Xylem - correct answer conducts water and nutrients UP roots, stems and leaves Phloem - correct answer conducts water, sugar, hormones, etc. DOWN and UP roots, stems and leaves; moves from where produced (sources) to where needed (sinks) What is the function of the Ground or Fundamental Tissue System? - correct answer storage, suport, filler tissue and site of photosynthesis Cortex - correct answer outer region of stems and roots Pith - correct answer center of stems Mesophyll - correct answer middle of leaves and flower petals Parenchyma - correct answer -most common cell type -filler, storage, protection, photosynthesis -Ex: flesh of potato, lettuce leaf
- isodiametric Collenchyma - correct answer -Cell wall a little thicker than Parenchyma
- unevenly thickened, non-lignified primary cell walls
- support in growing tissues -Ex: strings of celery stalks
- longer than wide Sclerenchyma - correct answer -evenly thickenedm lignified (tough) secondary cell walls; dead at maturity
- support in growing tissues
- Ex: fiber- bamboo cane Sclerid-seed coat Stone cell- pear fruit Polysaccharide - correct answer Part of a cell wall: a polymer or chain of sugars Cellulose - correct answer forms a matrix of microfibrils Hemicellulose - correct answer filler between cellulose microfibrils ( chain of misc. Sugars) Pectin - correct answer cementing agent or filler; high in middle lamella and fruit (chains of galacturonic acid)
Chloroplast - correct answer green plastids that contain chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis Endoplasmic reticulum - correct answer tubular membranes for communication across the cytoplasm; site of protein and membrane synthesis Ribosome - correct answer dense spheres of RNA; protein synthesis occurs on their surface Vacuole - correct answer storage of organic acids, salts, anthocyanins (blue, red, and purple pigments), metabolic wastes, enzymes and metabolites.......restroom.. Red rose pigments Tonoplast - correct answer membrane that surrounds the vacuole Golgi body or dictyosome - correct answer disk-shaped membranes for membrane and polysaccharide synthesis Microbody - correct answer membrane-bound storage bodies with various functions Microtubule - correct answer tubular rods used in mitosis & cellular orientation in cell walls DNA - correct answer a double helix of sugar-phosphates (deozyribo sugar-phosphates) connected by nucleic acids (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine) RNA - correct answer a single stranded chain of sugar-phosphates (ribo sugar- phosphates) containing nucleic acids (adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine) Nucleic acids - correct answer organic acids that form thebase pairs of DNA and single- bases of RNA Nucleic acids starnds of DNA: A (adenine) goes with... - correct answer T (thymine) Nucleic acids of DNA: G (guanine) goes with.. - correct answer C (cytosine) Nucleic acids b/w DNA and RNA: A(adenine) goes with.. - correct answer U (uracil) Gene - correct answer a length of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or protein subunit. -also codes for active rnas (such as trna) Protein - correct answer a polymer or chain of amino acids Enzyme - correct answer a protein that acts as a metabolic catalyst
How do plants grow? - correct answer From localized areas called meristems Meristem - correct answer discrete regions or groups of cells that possess continued cell division for the life of the plant or that organ Primary Growth - correct answer growth in length that gives rise to primary (herbaceuos) tissues called the primary plant body Apical meristem or apex - correct answer the growing points located at he tips of stems and roots Intercalary meristem - correct answer the growth region at the base of grass leaves that causes leaves to elongate Secondary Growth - correct answer growth or width in diameter that gives rise to secondary (woody or corky) tissues called the secondary plant body Lateral meristem - correct answer meristematic regions along the sides and stems of roots Vascular cambium or cambium - correct answer a sheet like meristem b/w the bark and wood along the sides of woody stems and roots; it gives rise to secondary xylem (commonly called wood) on the inside and secondary phloem on the outside.. Only living part Cork cambium or phollogen - correct answer gives rise to the periderm (commonly called bark) Bud - correct answer an underdeveloped and enelongated stem composed of a short axis with compressed internodes, a meristematic apex, and primordial leaves and/or flowers. Terminal bud - correct answer a bud at the tip of a stem responsible for terminal growth Axillary bud or lateral bud - correct answer buds along side the axis of a stem; they were produced by the terminal bud durig growth; once they grow-out and from a lateral stem they become terminal buds of the lateral branch Flower bud - correct answer a bud containing a floral meristem which develops into flowers; usually larger thatn vegetative buds Leaf scar - correct answer a scar marking the former point of attachment of a leaf or petiole to the stem
Flower - correct answer the reproductive organ of higher plants (angiosperms or flowering plants), which contains at least 1 female reproductive part, the pistil, and/or 1 male reproductive part, the stamen Complete - correct answer contains all floral parts (sepal, petal, stamen and pistil) Incomplete - correct answer lacks one or more of the floral parts Perfect - correct answer Contains both pistil and stamen (may or may not have a sepal or petal) Imperfect - correct answer lacks either pistil or stamen (may or may not have sepal or petal) Pistillate (female) - correct answer contains only pistil (may or may not have sepal or petal) Staminate (male) - correct answer conatins only stamen (may or may not have sepal or petal) Sterile - correct answer both stamen and pistil are absent, or are non-functional Monoecious (one house) - correct answer both staminate (male) and pistillate (female) flowers occur on the same plant; EX: corn, cucumber Dioecious (seperate houses) - correct answer staminate (male) and pistillate (female) flowers occur on seperate plants. EX: holly, persimmon, ginko Fruit - correct answer a ripened or matured ovary and its contents plus any accessory tissues Pericarp - correct answer the fruit wall, which developed from the ovary wall Exocarp - correct answer outer layer of the pericarp Mesocarp - correct answer middle layer of the pericarp Endocarp - correct answer inner layer of the pericarp Seed - correct answer a ripened or mature ovule consisting of an embryo with associated stored food and covered by a testa Testa - correct answer protective, outer most layer of seeds; commonly called seed coat
Photosynthesis - correct answer the process in which carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H20) are used to produce carbohydrates and evolve oxygen in the presence of light and chlorophyll; the net result is that light energy(radiant energy) in coverted into chemical energy in the form of fixed carbon compunds (carbohydrates) Chloroplast - correct answer the green plastid in which photosynthesis occurs Chlorophyll - correct answer the green plant pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis Thylakoids - correct answer flattened, sack-like membranes inside a chloroplast; contain the chlorophyll Granum - correct answer stacks of thylakoids Stroma lamellae - correct answer tubular membranes that connect the grana in the chlroplast Stroma - correct answer the fluid matrix of the chloroplast Light Reaction - correct answer the reaction that uses the water and light energy and evolves oxygen. -also called the Hill Reaction Dark Reaction - correct answer the reaction that uses the carbon dioxide and produces the carbohydrate. -it is also called the Calvin-Benson Cycle or Photosynthetoc Carbon Reduction Cycle --happens during the day only.. Needs light
