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HOSA Pharmacy Science
1 gallon = _______ quarts - 4 1 gallon = _______pints - 8 1 gallon = _______cups - 16 1 gallon = _______fl oz - 128 1 gallon = _______tblsp - 256 1 gallon = _______tsp - 768 1 quart = ______pints - 2 1 quart = ______cups - 4 1 quart = ______fl oz - 32 1 quart = ______tblsp - 64 1 quart = ______tsp - 192 1 pint = ________cups - 2 1 pint = ________ fl oz - 16 1 pint = ________ tblsp - 32
1 pint = ________ tsp - 96 1 cup = ______fl oz - 8 1 cup = ______tblsp - 16 1 cup = ______tsp - 48 1 fl oz = _______tblsp - 2 1 fl oz = _______tsp - 6 1 tblsp - 3 tsp 1 kg = _______g - 1, 1 kg = _______mg - 1,000, 1 kg = _______mcg - 1,000,000, 1 g = ________mg - 1, 1 g = _____mcg - 1, 000, 1 mg - 1, 000 mcg 1 lb - 16 oz 1 L - 1, 000 ml 1 grain - 65 mg
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100 units - 1 ml an order written by a prescriber for a patient in a hospital or other inpatient setting - medication order a type of medication order written by a physician if a patient should be admitted into the hospital; this order is sometimes written when a patient has visited the emergency room and, after a physician's assessment, it is decided he or she should be admitted into the facility. - admission order a type of medication order sent to the pharmacy that must be filled immediately. - stat order a medication order that gives instructions for a patient who is being discharged from the hospital; it should include all at-home information and prescription instructions for the patient until follow-up with a primary care physician can occur. - discharge order
a medication order given on an "as needed" basis for specific signs and symptoms exhibited by a patient - prn order some examples of symtptoms requiring a PRN medication could be: - -fever -pain -anxiety or restlessness -itching -coughing -sneezing a drug used in a hospital or other inpatient setting that prepackaged from bulk for a single administration for one patient - unit dose Benefits of unit dose are: - -easy for nurse dispensing to patients -cuts down on medication errors (each unit dose may be bar-coded) -less waste of medication to be repackaged from bulk. - unit dose labels the labeling of unit doses must contain specific information: - -drug name -strength of medication -name of original manufacturer -original lot number and expiration date of manufacturer -bar code -facility expiration date drugs that are store on each unit of the hospital that are frequently prescribed for that unit; most floor stocks are stored in automated dispensing cabinets - floor stock a secure storage device that contains medications used by specific patient care units; access is limited to authorized individuals who has patient order that need to be filled - automated dispensing cabinets examples of ADCs: - -Pyxis (cardinal health) -AcuDose-Rx (McKesson) -Omnicell -Rx-Station (cerner) -Med-Select (Amerisource Bergen)
DAW 4
brand dispensed but priced as generic - DAW 5 brand name is necessary; used for prior authorization cases - DAW 6 substitution not allowed; brand mandated by law - DAW 7 generic is not currently available; either not being manufactured or not being distributed - DAW 8 "other" DAW code? - DAW 9 a database of information stored in a pharmacy system for each patient; should be continually updated by the pharmacy technician - patient profile Patient profile contains the following information: - -name -address -phone number -DOB -gender -allergy information -medical information -insurance information -prescriptions filled -preference for child-resistant containers -may contain other preferences, such as generic substitution or large-print labels hypersensitivity of the immune system that may begin immediately after taking a medication or take weeks to show symptoms - allergies examples of allergy indicators: - -rash -watery eyes -swelling -itching -wheezing what more severe allergies can result in; leads to swelling of the airways and difficulty breathing; can lead to death if not immediately treated -
anaphylaxis bright, colorful label placed o a bottle label to provide information in addiction with what is on the bottle label; alerts patients to specific information to which careful attention should be paid - auxiliary label label should be affixed to the medication container and match the prescription exactly. - prescription container label Specific information is required to be print on the label including: - -pharmacy name, address, and telephone number -patient's name -date prescription was filled -prescriber's name -prescription Rx number -medication name and strength -directions for use -quantity of medication -refills allowed -initials of pharmacist dispensing prescription a device used to count tablets, capsules, or other solid oral medications and transfer these dosage forms from the stock bottle to the patient's medication bottle - counting trays a device used to split tablets in half - tablet splitter tablets that have a line or crevice to make splitting easier - scored tablets required by the FDA for all medications dispensed; provides information about the drug for the patient
- patient package insert the patient package insert includes: - -how the drugs works -what to do if a dose is missed -contraindications -warnings -side effects -overdose information -dosages and packing information -indications and use supplemental information required by the FDA to be included in additions to the patient package insert for specific drugs -
a prescribed dose is given out of the designated range of the hospital time guidelines - wrong time error a dose is given above or below the prescribed dose - wrong dose error some issues require the decision making and clinical knowledge of a pharmacist - pharmacist intervention an effect of a drug that involves the entire body; for examples, a blood pressure lowering agent - systematic effect an effect of a drug that involves a specific part of the body only; for example, using a numbing agent on an injured area - localized effect the way by which a drug enters into the body; selected based on several factors, including: -speed of onset required -patient status (ability to swallow a tablet) -drugs' absorption characteristics - route of administration most common route of administration--giving a medication by mouth -least expensive and most convenient route -not the quickest method because medication must be absorbed into the bloodstream from the GI tract -achieves best rates of patient's compliance to drug therapy - oral (PO) a solid dosage form made by compression - tablet a solid tablet dosage form shaped like a capsule; can assist in easier swallowing of large tablets - caplet a tablet that is to be chewed and swallowed; not swallowed whole; ideal for children and patients who have difficulty swallowing tablets; has a faster onset of action than regular tablets - chewable tablet tablets that are specially coated and designed to delay absorption and dissolving until after the drugs has bypassed the stomach - delayed release (DR) a tablet that is specially cared to aid in swallowing and to bypass the stomach so that it will not dissolve until it reaches the small intestine; designed for medications that may be harsh on the stomach (Aspirin)
a type of medication that allows a reduced frequently in dosing - extended release (XR, XL) a type of extended-release formulation that delivers that drug at a certain rate for a specific period of time - controlled release (CR) a type of extended-release formulation that release the medication slowly over a specific period of time
- sustained release (SR) a container, usually made of gelatin, that contains a medication to be dissolved in the GI tract; easier to swallow than a tablet and generally has a slightly faster onset of action - capsule a liquid in which the active ingredient completely dissolved - solution the part of the solution that is dissolved in the liquid, that is, the active ingredient - solute the part of the solution that is composed of the liquid portion; the liquid that doses that dissolving (water when mixed with Kool-Aid) - solvent a liquid dosage form that is sweetened and usually contains alcohol - elixir a thick solution made with water and a large amount of sugar - syrup a liquid dosage form that is composed of undissolved particles of active ingredient suspended in a liquid; patients must be told to shake well when given this - suspension a mixture of two substances that normally would not mix together; mist be shaken well prior to use - emulsion a solid oral dosage form that usually has localized effects; proper use is to suck or chew this (nicotine gum) - lozenge/troche topical dosage form that contains more oil than water and tends to have a greasy or oily feel; a water- in-oil preparation (neosporin) - ointment
Indication: treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, acid reflux, and other hypersecretory conditions Controlled: no - omeprazole Brand Name: Glucophage, Glucopage XR Drug Class: antidiabetic Indication: used for lowering of blood sugar in type 2 diabetes, sometimes used in combination with insulin or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) Controlled: no - Metformin Hydrochloride Brand Name: Lasix Drug Class: Diuretic--loop Indication: treatment of edema and hypertension Controlled: no - Furosemide Brand Name: K-Dur, Klor-Con, Micro-K, many others Drug Class: potassium supplement (oral) Indication: treatment and prevention of potassium deficiency (hypokalemia) Controlled: no - Potassium Chloride Brand Name: Neurontin Drug Class: antiepileptic Indication: used as an adjunct in the treatment of partial seizures; can also be used to neuralgia (nerve pain) and restless leg syndrome (RLS) Controlled: no - Gabapentin Brand Name: Norvasc Drug Class: antihypertensive--calcium channel blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension, can also be used for treatment of angina Controlled: no - amlodipine besylate Brand Name: Proair HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA Drug Class: bronchodilator, anti asthmatic (inhalation) Indication: treatment of asthma and bronchospasms Controlled: no - Albuterol Sulfate Brand Name: Xanax, Xanax XR Drug Class: antianxiety--benzodiazepine Indication: treatment of anxiety and panic disorders Controlled: YES -
alprazolam; C- Brand Name: Celexa Drug Class: antidepressant--selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no - Citalopram Hydrobromide Brand Name: Zantac Drug Class: antinuclear agent--H2, receptor blocker Indication: treatment of gastoesophadeal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and other hypersecretory conditions. Controlled: no - Ranitidine Hydrochloride Brand Name: Ambien, Ambien CR Drug Class: sedative, hypnotic Indication: treatment of insomnia Controlled: YES - Zolpidem Tartrate; C- Brand Name: Lipitor Drug Class: antihyperlipidemic--HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no - atorvastatic calcium Brand Name: HydroDiuril, Esidrix Drug Class: diuretic--thiazide Indication: treatment of edema and hypertension Controlled: no - Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) Brand Name: Ultram, Ryzolt, Ultram ER Drug Class: analgesic Indication: management of moderate to moderately severe pain Controlled: YES - Tramadol Hydrochloride Brand Name: Lopressor Drug Class: antihypertensive--beta blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension (high BP) and angina Controlled: no - Metoprolol Tartate Brand Name: Desyrel Drug Class: antidepressant
Brand Name: Zoloft Drug Class: antidepressant--Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no - Sertraline Hydrochloride Brand Name: Lantus Drug Class: antidiabetic Indication: treatment of insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes or type 2 diabetes not properly controlled Controlled: no - Insulin Glargine Brand Name: Toprol XL Drug Class: antihypertensive--beta blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension (high BP) and angina Controlled: no - Metoprolol Succinate Brand Name: Seroquel Drug Class: antipsychotic--atypical Indication: treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Controlled: no - Quetiapine Fumerate Brand Name: Mevacor Drug Class: antihyperlipidemic--HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no - Lovastatin Brand Name: Nexium Drug Class: antinuclear agent--Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Indication: treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and other hypersecretory conditions Controlled: no - Esomeprazole Magnesium Brand Name: Advair Drug Class: anti asthmatic (inhalation) Indication: treatment of asthma and COPD Controlled: no - Fluticasone Propionate with Salmeterol Xinafoate Brand Name: Prozac, Sarafem Drug Class: Antidepressant--selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Indication: treatment of depression disorders (Sarafem used to treat PMDD) Controlled: no -
Fluoxetine Hydrochloride Brand Name: Phenergan with codeine Drug Class: antitussive Indication: treatment of cough Controlled: YES - Promethazine Hydrochloride with Codeine Phosphate; C- Brand Name: Flonase, Veramyst Drug Class: Antiallergic-steroid (nasal spray) Indication: treatment of seasonal allergies and rhinitis Controlled: no - Fluticasone Propionate Brand Name: Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin SR, and Wellbutrin XL, Zyban Drug Class: tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no - Bupropion Hydrochloride Brand Name: Elavil (not available in U.S) Drug class: tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) Indication: treatment of depression - Amitriptyline Hydrochloride Brand Name: Ativan Drug Class: antianxiety--benzodiazepine Indication: treatment of anxiety Controlled: YES - Lorazepam Brand Name: Mobic Drug Class: NSAID Indication: relief of symptoms associated with arthritis Controlled: no - Meloxicam Brand Name: Perocet, Roxicet, Endocet, Tylox, Xolox, Primalev Drug Class: opioid analgesic Indication: relief of moderate to moderately severe pain Controlled: YES - Oxycodone Hydrochloride with Acetaminophen; C- Brand Name: Cardizem, Cardizem SR, Cardizem CD, Cardizem LA, Cartia XT, Dilacor XR, Dilt-CD, Dilt-XR, Diltia XT, Diltzac, Taztia XT, Tiazac Drug Class: Antihypertensive--calcium channel blocker Indication: treatment of hypertension; can also be used for treatment angina
Indication: treatment of depression Controlled: no - Venlafaxine Hydrochloride Brand Name: Catapres Drug Class: antihypertensive Indication: treatment of hypertension Controlled: no - Clonidine Hydrochloride Brand Name: Abilify Drug Class: antipsychotic--atypical Indication: treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Controlled: no - Aripiprazole Brand Name: Prinizide, Zestoretic Drug Class: antihypertensive--combination of ACE inhibitor and diuretic Indication: treatment of hypertension Controlled: no - Lisinopril with Hydrochloride Brand Name: MS Contin, Kadian, Avinza, Oramorph SR, MSIR Drug Class: opioid analgesic Indication: management of moderate to severe pain Controlled: YES - Morphine Sulfate; C- Brand Name: Tricor Drug Class: antihyperlipidemic Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no - Fenofibrate Brand Name: Crestor Drug Class: Antihyperlipidemic--HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no - Rosuvastatin Calcium Brand Name: Zithromycin, Z-Pack, Z-max Drug Class: antibiotic--macrolide Indication: treatment of lower and upper respiratory tract infections, bacterial sinusitis, acute otitis media, and other bacterial infections Controlled: no - Azithromycin Dihydrate
Brand Name: Pravachol Drug Class: antihyperlipidemic--HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Indication: treatment of high cholesterol Controlled: no - Pravastatin Calcium Brand Name: Naprosyn, EC-Naprosyn, Aleve Drug Class: non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Indication: treatment of mild to moderate pain, including pain from arthritis and other inflammatory conditions Controlled: no - Naproxen Brand Name: Flomax Drug Class: alpha blocker for benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) treatment Indication: treatment of enlarged prostate Controlled: no - Tamsulosin Hydrochloride Brand Name: Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakote Sprinkles Drug Class: antiepileptic Indication: treatment of seizures, bipolar disorders, and migraine prophylaxis Controlled: no - Divalproex Sodium Brand Name: Aricept Drug Class: antipsychotic Indication: treatment of Alzheimer's dementia Controlled: no - Donepezil Hydrochloride Brand Name: Advil, Motrin Drug Class: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Indication: treatment of mild pain and inflammatory conditions Controlled: no - Ibuprofen Brand Name: Lyrica Drug Class: anticonvulsant Indication: used as an adjunct in treatment of epilepsy and seizures; can also be used for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia Controlled: YES - Lyrica; C- Brand Name: Lamictal Drug Class: antiepiletic--anticonvulsant Indication: used as an adjunct in treatment of epilepsy and seizures
