Host Name Resolution: Understanding DNS and WINS, Slides of Computer Networks

The process of hostname resolution to ip addresses on the internet, describes the purpose of hosts and lmhosts files, and shows how to modify these files to resolve abbreviated names. It covers tcp/ip host names, wins names, and the role of dns and wins servers in name resolution.

Typology: Slides

2013/2014

Uploaded on 01/29/2014

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Host Name Resolution
DNS and WINS
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Download Host Name Resolution: Understanding DNS and WINS and more Slides Computer Networks in PDF only on Docsity!

Host Name Resolution DNS and WINS

Chapter Objectives

  • Explain the process of hostname resolution to IP address on the Internet
  • Describe the purpose of the HOSTS, LMHOSTS files
  • Show how the HOSTS and LMHOSTS file could be modified to resolve abbreviated names to IP addresses

Name Resolution

  • Resolve names to IP addresses and vice versa
    • www.calstatela.edu <-> 130.182.1.
  • Names
    • TCP/IP host names
    • WINS names a.k.a. NetBIOS names

Finding an IP Address of a Domain

  • ping www.ganesan.com
  • tracert www.ganesan.com
    • Shows the number of hops to the destination

WINS or

NetBIOS

Names

Current Computer Names

  • Only the TCP/IP host name is currently in widespread use
  • The Windows based name or the NetBIOS name as it is known is not widely used anymore - This may be retained for compatibility with older systems

Internet Host Name Resolution

  • First, a local file known as HOSTS is checked to

resolve the name to an IP address

  • If a corresponding entry is not found in the HOST

file, the information is transmitted to a DNS server

for name resolution

  • A cascade of DNS servers at different locations may

get involved in the resolution process

End of Module

Sample HOSTS File

Sample Entry in the HOSTS File

HOSTS File

  • HOSTS file location
    • C:\Windows in Windows 9x
    • C:\WINNT\system32\drivers\etc in Windows NT
    • C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc in Windows XP
  • The file could be searched as well
  • The extension of the file may be .SAM
  • Note:
    • Store the file as “HOSTS” after modification with Notepad to avoid it being given a Notepad file extension

Redirection to DNS

  • If there are no entries in the HOSTS file, the request is redirected to a DNS on the network
  • Multiple DNSs may have to be consulted before the name is mapped to an IP address
  • Domain names must also be registered with InterNIC or a similar organization

Domain Name Hosting: Another Example

courses.ganesan.com InterNIC points to the DNS server at ganesan.com DNS server at ganesan.com locates the host “course”

End of Module