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The future of technology, human ability

and economic value

HOW LIGHT IS SPENT

Technical Report by Cyndi Coon with Brian David Johnson

Threatcasting Workshop hosted virtually December 2020

produced by Cyndi Coon

HOW LIGHT IS SPENT

The future of technology, human ability and economic value

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PA RT I C I PA N T S

Anonymous

Nitin Badjatia

Bonita Banducci, Adjunct Faculty, Gender and Engineering, Santa Clara University School of

Engineering Graduate Program

Catharyn Baird, Founder EthicsGame

Britt Blaser

Eileen Clegg, Founder vTapestry

Nancy Conrad, Founding Chairman, Conrad Foundation

Brinda C Dalal

Nicole Patrice De Member INDAIS

Peter Fagerström, Founder Educraftor

Silvia Figueira, Professor at Santa Clara University

Eric Fleishman

Mei Lin Fung, Chair, People Centered Internet, Convenor GHD initiative of Digital

Cooperation and Diplomacy

Richard Hammond

Todd Hoskins, Partner at Canopy Gap

Brian Katz, Chief Problem Solver KatzCo Consulting

Kristin Little

Shannon McElyea

Chris Page

Bruce Preville, Chief Catalytic Agent, Transformational Catalysts Consulting

Ryann Starks - Client Success, Grubhub Campus

Anne Tiry

Lin Wells, PCI, Center for Resilient and Sustainable Communities (C-RASC)

Kimberly Wiefling M.S., Cofounder, Silicon Valley Alliances

Mike Williams

Arizona State University Applied Futures lab serves as the premier

resource for strategic insight, teaching materials, and exceptional

subject matter expertise on Futurecasting and Threatcasting, envisioning

possible futures and threats ten years in the future. The lab provides a

wide range of organizations and institutions actionable models to not

only comprehend these possible futures but to a means to identify, track,

prevent (disrupt, mitigate and recover) or generate (design and enable)

them as well. Its reports, programming and materials bridge gaps, and

prompt information exchange and learning across the military, academia,

industrial, governmental and non-governmental organizations.

The following report captures the goals, subject matter expert inputs,

raw data, and findings of Arizona State University's Applied Futures

Lab Workshop exploring the future of emerging technologies, humans

labor and economic value. The findings are provided to empower people

and organizations to take action. The findings in this report identify

specifics and provide recommendations through which organizations

and individuals can further explore way to enable potential futures and

prevent potential threats.

ASU Applied Futures Lab contributors to this report

Cyndi Coon Chief of Staff

Brian David Johnson Director

Danielle Beauchamp Analyst

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In the coming decade a constellation of emerging technologies (e.g. Artificial intelligence (AI), Machine learning (ML), The Internet of things (IoT), 5-G and Network Improvement Communities (N.I.C)) will enable a radical reevaluation of human labor. Persistent and unaddressed threats (e.g. climate change, civil and political unrest, pandemics, food insecurity and lack of access to learning combined) will require increased participation in the global work force. These two factors will fundamentally remap our understanding of human ability, ultimately making the notion of a disability obsolete.

In this post-disability future, increased participation in the labor force by a wide swath of untapped potential will have a significant and positive economic effect. The country, economy or organization that adopts and implements this fluid understanding of ability will not only have the increased capacity to address their persistent threats but they will harness a wide range of new capabilities amplified by the coming emerging technologies.

"One of the most interesting, thought-provoking, and insightful aspects of the Coolabilties exercise was the insistence that we move far outside our comfort zones to examine today’s “disabilities,” and future “coolabilities,” from very different ethnic, cultural and gender perspectives. In the case of the white males in our team, playing the role of an autistic, African girl in a refugee camp led us to think about issues, opportunities, and limitations beyond anything we would have considered on our own. It was a remarkable learning experience."

Linton Wells

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The Applied Futures Methodology (Figure

1. enables multidisciplinary groups to envision and plan systematically for possible and potential futures and threats ten years in the future. Groups explore how to transform the future they desire into reality while avoiding an undesired future.

The methodology uses inputs from social science, technical research, cultural history,

economics, trends, expert interviews, and even a little science fiction. These various inputs allow the creation of potential futures (focused on the fiction of a person in a place doing a thing). Some of these futures are desirable while others are to be avoided. By placing the threats into a fictional story, it allows decision makers and practitioners to imagine what needs to be done today as

Social

Begin Here

2021 2031

Cultural History Technical

Gate Flag Disrupt Mitigate

Economics Trends

Science Fiction Prototype

• Vision for 2031
• Threat futures
• A person in a place

experiencing the threat

Data with an Opinion

EVENT Recover

well as two, four and eight years into the future to empower or disrupt the targeted future scenario. The methodology also illustrates what flags, or warning events, could appear in society that indicate the progress toward the threat future. The Applied Futures Methodology is a human- centric process, and therefore the humans that participate in a threatcasting session are critical. Regardless of age, experience, or education, all participants are considered practitioners.

The Applied Futures Methodology is also a theoretical framework and participatory design workshop undertaken by practitioners with special domain knowledge of how to specifically disrupt, mitigate, and recover from theoretical threat futures. Additionally, participants are curated to include outliers, trained foresight professionals, and young participants for a fresh and multi-generational perspective in the groups. When using this approach the mixture of participants should span academia, private industry, government, military and NGO representatives.

Figure 1

APPLIED FUTURES: A BRIEF OVERVIEW

A P P L I E D F U T U R E S : A

B R I E F O V E R V I E W

Vision

Figure 1

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In the Summer of 2019 Guido van Nispen and Vint Cerf, presented a concept to the People Centered Internet membership. They used the term “Coolabilities” and it had significant implications on learning and the workforce of the future. If humans' unique abilities were seen as positive instead of negative and if new competencies could be discovered it would create global economic and social impact.

DEFINITION

Coolabilities, traditionally seen as disabilities or oddities, is an overall name for enhanced abilities in disabling conditions. Coolabilities are not isolated phenomena but a general principle that may apply to a variable extent across a wider range of conditions.

TYPES OF COOLABILITIES

• 'Contextual Coolabilities': a trait that is disabling in one context (environment) becomes non-significant in another, such as people with ASD who have very specific ("limited") interests and extreme attention to detail, can

become experts where the specific knowledge is valued, attention to details is an asset

• 'Compensational Coolabilities': When one or more abilities are strengthened at the loss of another. For example, a person who lost one limb and trains the remaining ones to compensate for the loss
• 'Singular Coolabilities': abilities that do not exist in other people, such as when blind people reorganizes and reassign neural pathways in the visual cortex giving rise to Coolabilities such as echolocation. People with such abilities perceive and act in ways unimaginable to others. See: American jazz pianist, Matthew Whitaker https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Matthew_Whitaker_(pianist)

Chally Grundwag, David Nordfors, and Nurit Yirmiya coined the term Coolabilites* created the framework for types of Coolabilities.^1

PROJECT INTRODUCTION

T O W A R D A

P O S T- D I S A B I L I T Y W O R L D

September 2020 the People-Centered Internet, a California-based nonprofit organization with a mission to "put humanity at the center of the Internet," co-hosted the Digital Cooperation and Diplomacy day as part of the celebration of the United Nations' 75th Anniversary. Speakers from across the globe ushered in a new era for a personal commitment to acting on science, technology, and art in an interconnected and interdependent way. The goal of these dialogues is to shift the culture of science to be more human and share our hopes and inspiration so that each of our actions on the micro- scale will lead to a macro effect. Dozens of leaders from across the public and private sectors presented their perspectives on bringing humanity to the center of progress. Their expertise and priorities will help guide the vision and priorities for executing on the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.

The event's culmination was a call to

action for volunteers to "Connect to Thrive" and bring expertise and resources to this momentous effort. Born out of this call the People-Centered Internet announced the launch of the Global Help Desk (GHD). Applying the same principles that guided the Internet's decentralized growth, the GHD serves as an online network to weave people together through a web of goods and services that are proven to address problems and span geographies. GHD weaves communities through coordinated, accessible, and scalable toolkits for solutions-based digital capacity building.

The Global Help Desk members were interested in investigating what the future of learning might look like in the coming decade. After several conversations, the team members most experienced in foresight planning narrowed the questions to look at the the intersection of learning, earning and abilities ten years in the future with the Arizona State University Applied

FUTURES

(^1) Coolabilites origin http://i4j.info/blog/

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H O W D O E S I T W O R K?

The Five Phases of the Applied Futures Methodology

The Applied Futures Methodology is broken into five steps or distinct phases that contain tasks and activities. These phases are meant to provide the analyst(s) structure and guidance for conducting the Applied Futures Methodology. They need to be followed closely. A phase cannot be omitted or skipped. The tasks and activities inside of each phase need to be performed before the analyst(s) can move on to the next phase.

Phase 0: Preparation and Curation (Pre- Workshop)

The first phase of the methodology consists of the preparation of the project and for the workshop, as well as the curation of the decision making team, the participant(s), and research prompts that will be used during the workshop. The initial action for the analyst(s) to develop the Applied Futures Foundation, consisting of

• The topic area to be explored
• The specific research question
• The area(s) where the findings will be applied

Informed and guided by the foundation, the analyst(s) pulls together a team, determines who should participate in the workshop and what research or inputs should be used as prompts to envision threats 10 years into the future. Finally, the materials (e.g. workbooks, presentations, support materials) are created to conduct the workshop.

F O U N D AT I O N F O R T H I S W O R K S H O P

• The topic area explored: Uniquely abled humans effects on workforce (earning) and knowledge exchange (learning)
• The specific research question: What is the effect of disabling conditions and constellations of technology on uniquely abled humans learning and earning potential ten years in the future.
• The area(s) where the findings will be applied: People Centered Internet and the Global Help Desk, Networked Improvement Communities

Phase 1: Prompt Presentation, Research Synthesis and Discussion (Workshop)

This phase begins the Applied Futures Workshop. Analyst(s) use the prompts and materials to engage in a participatory design session with participant(s). This activity presents the prompt to the participant(s) and then leads them through a session to explore the ramifications of the prompts, capturing their discussion in workbooks for use later by both the participant(s) in the following stages of the workshop and by the analyst(s) in the post workshop phases.

F O R this workshop the prompt

SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS

and participants:

• What is the effect of disabling conditions (coolabilities) and constellations of technology on uniquely abled humans learning and earning potential ten years in the future. For this workshop the Synthesis work was completed by the lead analyst in advance of the workshop and preloaded into the workbooks on behalf of participants. Several groups did add their own additional inputs.

Phase 2: Futurecasting (Workshop)

Guided by the prompts and research synthesis participant(s) engage in a participatory design session to envision possible and potential futures, ten years out. Participant(s) move from the high level macro view of the research and prompts to the micro perspective of a person in a place experiencing an event. To do this they follow the Science Fiction Prototyping (SFP) and Experience Design Processes to generate and qualitative Effects Based Model (EBM).

F O R this workshop participants were provided with a digitally accessible workbook provided to teams to capture their data. All teams can also see each others data in real time. The completed workbooks are available in the appendix of this report.

.

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Phase 3: Backcasting (Workshop)

Using the EBM, participant(s) begin backcasting in small groups, developing a time-phased, alternative-action definition (TAD) phase that generates specific actions that can be taken. Additionally, participant(s) identify the indicators (flags) over the next decade that will show what is beginning to manifest and become a reality.

Phases 2 and 3 can be repeated multiple times during the workshop to generate a high volume of threat futures.

The research synthesis workbooks, along with the Futurecasting and Backcasting workbooks, make up the Threatcasting Methodology's raw data to be processed by the analyst(s).

F O R this workshop we repeated the exercise only once. There were six teams with between two to five participants. Teams Ruby, Garnet, Peridot, Amethyst, Topaz and Sapphire.

Phase 4: Post Analysis, Synthesis, and Findings (Post Workshop)

After the workshop's conclusion, the analyst(s) study the raw data, using multiple techniques to cluster and identify the possible and potential. These findings are documented and sometimes peer-reviewed by the participants and SMEs. Additional research is conducted if needed, and the technical documentation captures the

actions and indicators.

F O R this workshop the lead analyst was Cyndi Coon with support from Brian David Johnson and Danielle Beauchamp. All participants were encouraged to peer review the report and provide feedback.

Phase 5: Output (Post Workshop)

The final phase of the methodology translates the findings into an output. The Applied Futures Foundation determines this output in Phase 0. The correct output (e.g. technical report, academic paper, podcast, etc.) is determined by the person or organization that will be applying or using the Applied Futures Findings for decision making.

F O R this workshop the report is made public by the participants organizations, People Centered Internet and the Global Help Desk.

A P P LY I N G T H E M E T H O D O L O G Y

The Applied Futures methodology is distinct from traditional notions of futures thinking, planning, and modeling. Not only does the methodology combine both linear and creative thinking it also requires that a diverse set of participant(s), from both inside and outside of the industry gather and collaborate. This diversity of participant(s) and the multidisciplinary nature of the sources it draws upon, paired with multiple guided exercises to explore possible futures, enables groups to envision a complex and evolving futures landscape.

PA RT I C I PA N T ( S )

The Applied Futures workshop is a process curated, produced, and facilitated by the Lab.

Participants include critical voices from organizations, businesses, government entities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with a long-term vested interest in the identified area to explore. Participants come with a wide range of domains, experiences, expertise, education, and passion. The workshop is curated, and custom-designed small groups of 3 to 4 people are created using their backgrounds, influences, and expertise. At the workshops, they provide opinions and use their imaginations to co-create futures.

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FUTURE 2

Title: The Far Widening Possible

“It has been said that you are one of the best listeners in the world,” the reporter began via a video link. “You transcend traditional language. Your mayor told me that you “feeling listen” - their worlds - to the community. And that you are a superhero.”

That is very kind of them.” Kerubo blushed. “I care very deeply for them…”

“Can you tell me the whole story,” the reporter asked.

Kerubo sat in an old chair and activated clear-mode on her CommunityVision Lenses, gazing out the dwelling's main room window. “It’s been a truly amazing path. I was unable to secure a job because of the cultural and institutionalized discrimination against uniquely abled humans like myself.

“My home town…no the whole region been plagued for a decade by persistent drought, food insecurity. The organized cybercrime rings nearly destroyed our culture, livelihoods, language... “Is that why you all left?” the reporter interrupted. “The migration?” “We had no choice,” Kerubo replied. “When we arrived in the camps I was recruited on the "matchmaking" mentor system CommMatch for social entrepreneurs. We are globally linked. That’s how I became a networked community mentor to individuals over the world. The language translation is nearly perfect now. My community is across the world.” “Would you say that all of the displaced are your community?” Kerubo thought for a moment and replied, “That and more. I think the possibilities are far wider than that…”

2031 T E C H N O L O G Y L A N D S C A P E

Sentient Tools represent the next stage of intelligent, aware and social machines that are designed specifically to interact with people. To better understand this new classification let’s dissect its meaning.

Sentient is defined as the ability to perceive the world surrounding us and derive feeling or meaning from those experiences. For a machine or tool, being able to derive meaning infers that the tool is capable of some level of perception, processing and thinking. In this case sentience is both the ability to sense the world around the tool but also to process, understand, make meaning and communicate with that world. To be able to effectively interact with that world the tool needs to be socially aware of the person it is working with. It must understand the person as an individual so that it can more effectively communicate. The definition of a tool is simple. People have been using tools for millions of years. A tool is anything used as a means of accomplishing a task or purpose, typically a device held in the hand, used to carry out a particular function. (Brian David Johnson, The Coming Age of Sentient Tools, see appendix))

T H E N E W E C O N O M I C S O F H U M A N A B I L I T Y

The speed of technological advance and the economies they create are transforming faster than ever experienced. Facebook, Twitter, and Amazon Web Services (AWS) didn't exist fifteen years ago. A decade ago, there was no Uber, no Kickstarter or GoFundMe, no TikTok, Instagram, or Whatsapp.

With over 8.5 billion people predicted by the U.N. on the planet in 2030 (a billion more than today), two-thirds will live in mega cities with populations of tens of millions.

Over the next decade, global growth continues to slow because emerging market nations can no longer pick up the slack of soft growth in more advanced economies. Emerging nations make sufficient investments in education and digital infrastructure.

Advancing economies and slowing growth rates won't change technological speed. In the coming decade, a scalable temporary workforce with flexibility and consideration for strengths becomes more efficient than whole teams of full-time workers, said Chief Economist John Hawksworth. Hawksworth said the most significant impact on economic growth over the coming decade is the productivity of a nation's workforce and how much value each employed member of

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the population generates.

Technological advances made it possible to exploit previously considered inabilities as new opportunities. Human abilities' complex effects might make it tough to work out the exact cost, but there's no mistaking the trends or overall impact. At the same time, it's hard to measure today; in the future, this new value will have measurable matrixes.

D E S TA B I L I Z AT I O N A S

A M P L I F I E R S

Unique to many of the futures developed in the workshop were very local instances of influence that destabilize businesses, individuals, and communities, thus destabilizing local economies. Multiple futures identified social, economic, or climate disaster situations that opened up a window of opportunity for an adversary or organization. These included an ongoing global pandemic (Covid-19) perspective amplified by destabilizing global events both positive and negative.

• Investments in humans over profit shifts measurements from gain matrix to one of wellbeing. - Network Improvement Communities (N.I.C) supply broadband and community connectivity at a mass scale and speed. - Climate change, civil and political unrest, pandemics, and lack of access to learning combined with advances in technologies result in climate refugees. - Workforce talent mapping solutions are constructed using sentinel tools such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), 5G, and the Internet of things (IoT) - The fast-moving, fully connected human is an ideal target for threats, as the platform could be cognitively disorienting and confusing. Opportunities abound for emotional manipulation. - Invisible people, people without formal identities, people outside of digital systems, people with untapped brilliance, people not in formal education systems, indigenous people, those with disabilities who were formally disconnected now have a way to learn and earn on the platform. - Communities are saddled with fall out from supply chain failures and consistent leaks of data, which creates a global trust collapse. - Traditional farming is no longer viable, leading to new agricultural methods and cooperatives on the platform. - Real-time translation of every existing language at conversational speed built over a decade of voice command ML - Micro-communities build "matchmaking" mentor systems for social entrepreneurs - Micro-Multidirectional Mentorships make the difference - The platform offers space to meet, learn and earn. - Gamification of mentors matching needs with complementary abilities, building mentorship support groups.

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FUTURE THREAT INDICATORS

F U T U R E A C T I O N S

A C A D E M I A - T R A I N I N G A N D C U R R I C U L U M

Academic institutions play a role in taking actions. By using academic freedom to investigate unique research opportunities that could only be conducted only in academic environments. Power of convening people together where industry or government agencies would be unable to.

• Network Improvement Communities (NIC) in a box brings together solutionitis, experienced knowledge managers, a methodology for knowing, and communities of common interest.
• Emotional intelligence & human dynamics become integrated with learning.
• Self-directed curricula for education become mainstream.
• Universities develop curriculum for unique ML programs.
• "Standard" learning models are discontinued replaced by individualized models.

G O V E R N M E N T S

Government agencies are positioned to set policies, make legislation and regulations such as the U.S. Law The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)^3

• Policies on indigenous communities' intellectual property rights
• Regulations set for data to be self-owned
• Regulations for the human unique abilities mapping system
• Legislation to regulate technology

C O M M U N I T Y

Communities play a role in building connectivity across humans, building trust, and providing space for humans to connect physically or virtually.

• Construct virtual gathering spaces such as town squares
• Create matching human abilities to mentors programs, locally within the community
• Create learning support groups

I N D U S T R Y

Industry refers to companies ideating, designing, and producing technology, thus directly affecting humans.

• Investment in new tools and training for mapping humans' unique abilities
• Develop Gamification of mentoring networks
• Invest in learning patterns of self-directed communities
• Investment to develop and deploy Network Improvement Communities (NIC) in a box tools
• Investment in new tools that evaluate intention, impact, and cognitive wellbeing as measurable outcomes shift from knowledge and productivity to wellbeing
• Investment in new agricultural methods
• Investment in voice use in Machine Learning (ML) opportunities

(^3) The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became law in 1990. The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. The purpose of the law is to make sure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. The ADA gives civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities similar to those provided to individuals on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, and religion.

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CLOSING STATEMENT/CHALLENGE

C L O S I N G S TAT E M E N T

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APPENDIX

A P P E N D I X

Thank you again for the remarkable futuring exercise you shared with us. The methods shared, and how we got to work through the workbooks. The collaborations flowed beautifully from conversations and questions in the workbooks. It was super interesting to see all the elements in common across the groups too. The questions were excellent prompts to help us figure out the bigger picture, and what pieces to leave in, or take out, in the final draft. The whole process was so informative, and fun. I think it took the team to a new level of getting to know each other. -Brinda C Dalal, Global Help Desk

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SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS

G U I D O VA N N I S P E N

Publisher at MENSEN,WORK

Question: What effects do you see of coolabilities, formerly disabling conditions, on uniquely abled humans learning and earning potential ten years in the future? And what keeps you up at night on this topic?

I think one of the extremely interesting points, especially in the U S is that people with handicaps are seen as problems is a huge group. And it's a very underserved group as well, which means that you have a large part of your population that has difficulties finding jobs, keeping jobs, et cetera. And that's a fascinating thing because you would expect that in the current state of knowledge of working with people we should be much better in finding great roles for everybody. And I think that the second thing is, and we call it Coolabilities because its strength is in weakening conditions as other people might see it is we are quite good at pinpointing

them. So one of the things, if I look 10 years ahead, that is a extremely long period and on the other end of the extremely short period, because I think what we've seen to COVID-19 is that a lot of the research and digital things have come forward years.

So where a very few people would be working at home and a lot of companies didn't want people to work at home. Now, the prediction is that it will become a little bit more than it is and less than it is now, but it will be a fundamental shift. So I think if I looked at this issue a year ago, I would have looked at it very differently because now a lot of people with cool abilities that wouldn't have been able to do things because they wouldn't be able to, to get to a workplace or, you know, operate really well in a workplace or they couldn't move to a location where that kind of work would be done. Has changed completely, which means that for a lot of things, there's a fundamental shift, disregarding credibility as, as a whole, but creating a lot of opportunities for good abilities, because if you work from home and it doesn't really matter where you work from, there's a lot of things you can do,

A Subject Matter Expert (SME) is a person with a particular expertise, perspective or opinion that is selected by the Analyst(s) as a prompt for the Threatcasting Workshop. SMEs do not participate in the workshop. They can participate in a peer review of the findings after the analyst(s) conduct the post analysis. Curated inputs from subject matter experts helped inform the futures modeled in this workshop. Transcripts of the recordings follow they were transcribed by machine. Context might be missing or misplaced.

which creates a lot of new things.

So if you looked at 10 years from now, then you know, working from anywhere for a lot of people will be much easier than it is now. So broadband will be everywhere and I'm talking from a European perspective and we have it already. So for most of us, it's not even, working from home or not. I see it here has become so easy and everybody's used to it. I think the second thing where people sometimes forget is, through COVID and the working at home, we have become much more personal, like in maybe a year ago, you and I would be sitting in an office and we would be meeting together, or we would be video conferencing from an office. Now we're in each other's living rooms. So yeah, we get much more about personality. The interesting thing there is that in a virtual communication setting, you know, a lot of things which are very big strengths in daily life.

If you would be, you know, super fit, then you could walk around and all these kinds of things have become relevant. They are unimportant, because if we sitting in front of little camera, you don't need to move around. A lot of them, you know, you don't need to run from meeting to meeting. You can just do it. And secondly, you know, it becomes much more personal as well. So if you combine these kinds of elements that working from home will be more or less a standard. A lot of people might move out of cities so that means that a lot of people

that find that difficult in cities because of the commuting or, their health. And I think for the from a technological and medical perspective, we will be much better in mapping requirements for jobs. Now it's quite straightforward still, you know, you have reviews, you may go to LinkedIn and that's as more or less as advanced as we get. If you look forward 10 years from now, you know, I think it will be even a smaller, it's not that long ago that we had a profession and the profession has been broken down into jobs or, elements that need to be done. And in 10 years from now, I believe it will be so much more sophisticated that it will be even a more smaller level, where you break things down. So where now there's a lot of energy spent on, training people in organizations, because you expect them to be around your organization for a long time. So you need to upskill them. Re-skill them retrain them, have all kinds of things, which is, you know, sometimes a very complex, difficult and expensive thing that, because you might be, if you're like an insurance company 10 years ago, you would have very different processes to do now. So if you would stick around with the same people, you would need to re-skill them all completely. That would be an issue because now that everybody can be re-skilled. So if you look forward again, 10 years, I think the quantum leap will be even bigger than the looking backwards 10 years. So that means, professions will become jobs, will become micro jobs, and then it becomes extremely